RMAN 配置归档日志删除策略

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Oracle 11g中对于归档日志的删除，除了遵循RMAN保留策略外，也可以通过RMAN来配置归档日志的删除策略，也就是归档日志何时可以被删除。归档日志删除策略适用于所有归档位置(使用快速闪回区FRA/不使用FRA)。本文主要描述归档日志删除策略并给出了具体的演示。

1、关于归档日志删除策略
      也就是哪些归档日志符合删除策略能够被删除，如前所述，归档位置适用于所有归档位置(使用快速闪回区FRA/不使用FRA)
      当启用该策略后，如归档日志存在于FRA中，则Oracle会尽可能根据保留他们，一旦FRA空间告急，则Oracle会根据归档日志删除策略自动删除
      对于不在FRA中的归档日志，需要手动使用delete obsolete或delete archivelog方式来删除日志
      无论归档日志存在于FRA内或外，都可以通过BACKUP ... DELETE INPUT or DELETE ARCHIVELOG方式来删除
      该策略不适用于使用LogMiner方式从主数据库传送到逻辑standby生成的外部归档日志文件，因为这些日志文件不能够在逻辑standy上备份或恢复

2、配置归档日志删除策略
     使用下面的方式来配置归档日志删除策略
         configure archivelog deletion policy to backed up 2 times to sbt;
         configure archivelog deletion policy to backed up 1 times to device type disk;
         configure archivelog deletion policy to applied on standby;
         configure archivelog deletion policy to shipped on standby;
         configure archivelog deletion policy clear;
    对于Oracle 10g没有该特性，但有一个类似的用于配置归档日志被备份次数，如下；
         configure archivelog backup copies for device type disk to ${archiveretention};


3、禁用归档日志删除策略
      缺省情况下，该策略被设置为none。也就是说根据RMAN备份保留策略，对于FRA中的归档日志，被备份过一次(到磁盘或磁带)即符合条件被删除
     如果Oracle不再需要当前的归档日志用于保证数据库时点恢复或数据库闪回，则RMAN备份保留策略认为当前日志为obsolete
     在SYSDATE-'DB_FLASHBACK_RETENTION_TARGET'之后创建的归档日志是需要被保留的

4、启用归档日志删除策略
     一旦启用该策略，则指定的归档日志被备份数量达到设定值后，这些归档日志能够被删除
     BACKUP ARCHIVELOG 会在未超出指定备份数的情况下(比如设置为2)备份归档日志到指定位置，如超出2次，则RMAN会跳过这些备份过2次的归档日志
     对于上述的情形，可以为BACKUP ARCHIVELOG适用force选项来强制备份归档日志
     如果启用该策略且配置为APPLIED ON STANDBY子句，则所有强制standby位置被apply后，这些归档日志会被RMAN删除
     如果启用该策略且配置为SHIPPED ON STANDBY子句，则所有强制standby位置被成功传送后，这些归档日志会被RMAN删除

5、演示归档日志删除策略

[oracle@linux1 ~]$ rman target /Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Nov 12 15:10:17 2013--查看当前数据库保留策略RMAN> show retention policy;RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name USBO are:CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default--查看当前数据库保归档日志留策略RMAN> show archivelog deletion policy;RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name USBO are:CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default--查看过时的备份RMAN> report obsolete;RMAN retention policy will be applied to the commandRMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1no obsolete backups found--列出copy副本RMAN> list copy;specification does not match any datafile copy in the repositoryspecification does not match any control file copy in the repositoryList of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name USBO=====================================================================Key     Thrd Seq     S Low Time           ------- ---- ------- - -------------------124     1    121     A 2013/11/12 15:34:15        Name: /u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/archivelog/2013_11_12/o1_mf_1_121_983pm3gp_.arc  --当前的归档日志--修改当前的归档日志保留策略为2个备份副本RMAN> configure archivelog deletion policy to backed up 2 times to device type disk;new RMAN configuration parameters:CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO BACKED UP 2 TIMES TO DISK;new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored--备份归档日志，并删除已经备份的归档日志RMAN> backup archivelog all delete input;Starting backup at 2013/11/12 15:37:25current log archivedusing channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup setinput archived log thread=1 sequence=121 RECID=124 STAMP=831310563input archived log thread=1 sequence=122 RECID=125 STAMP=831310645channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2013/11/12 15:37:26channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2013/11/12 15:37:27piece handle=/u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/backupset/2013_11_12/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20131112T153726_983pop3p_.bkp tag=TAG20131112T153726 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)RMAN-08138: WARNING: archived log not deleted - must create more backups --->出现警告提示，日志当前不能被删除，更多的备份需要创建archived log file name=/u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/archivelog/2013_11_12/o1_mf_1_121_983pm3gp_.arc thread=1 sequence=121RMAN-08138: WARNING: archived log not deleted - must create more backupsarchived log file name=/u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/archivelog/2013_11_12/o1_mf_1_122_983pooxb_.arc thread=1 sequence=122Finished backup at 2013/11/12 15:37:27--从os层面查看归档日志，当前已备份的两个归档日志没有删除sys@USBO> ho ls -hltr /u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/archivelog/2013_11_12/*-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 3.0K Nov 12 15:36 /u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/archivelog/2013_11_12/o1_mf_1_121_983pm3gp_.arc-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 4.5K Nov 12 15:37 /u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/archivelog/2013_11_12/o1_mf_1_122_983pooxb_.arc--从视图查询也可以获得其状态sys@USBO> select name,status from v$archived_log where STATUS='A';NAME                                                                             STA-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---/u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/archivelog/2013_11_12/o1_mf_1_121_983pm3gp_.arc  A/u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/archivelog/2013_11_12/o1_mf_1_122_983pooxb_.arc  A--第二次备份归档日志-- Author : Leshami-- Blog   : http://blog.csdn.net/leshamiRMAN> backup archivelog all delete input tag=arc_2nd;Starting backup at 2013/11/12 15:41:58current log archivedusing channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup setinput archived log thread=1 sequence=121 RECID=124 STAMP=831310563   --sequence 121与122依旧被备份input archived log thread=1 sequence=122 RECID=125 STAMP=831310645input archived log thread=1 sequence=123 RECID=126 STAMP=831310918channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2013/11/12 15:41:58channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2013/11/12 15:41:59piece handle=/u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/backupset/2013_11_12/o1_mf_annnn_ARC_2ND_983py6mv_.bkp tag=ARC_2ND comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)                       --sequence 121与122被删除archived log file name=/u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/archivelog/2013_11_12/o1_mf_1_121_983pm3gp_.arc RECID=124 STAMP=831310563archived log file name=/u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/archivelog/2013_11_12/o1_mf_1_122_983pooxb_.arc RECID=125 STAMP=831310645RMAN-08138: WARNING: archived log not deleted - must create more backups --->出现警告提示，日志123不能被删除，更多的备份需要创建archived log file name=/u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/archivelog/2013_11_12/o1_mf_1_123_983py6gh_.arc thread=1 sequence=123--再次查看，只有sequence 123存在，121与122已经被删除RMAN> list copy;specification does not match any datafile copy in the repositoryspecification does not match any control file copy in the repositoryList of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name USBO=====================================================================Key     Thrd Seq     S Low Time           ------- ---- ------- - -------------------126     1    123     A 2013/11/12 15:37:25        Name: /u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/archivelog/2013_11_12/o1_mf_1_123_983py6gh_.arcFinished backup at 2013/11/12 15:41:59--配置新的归档日志删除策略RMAN> configure archivelog deletion policy to backed up 1 times to device type disk;old RMAN configuration parameters:CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO BACKED UP 2 TIMES TO DISK;new RMAN configuration parameters:CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO BACKED UP 1 TIMES TO DISK;new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored--第三次备份归档日志RMAN> backup archivelog all tag=arc_3rd;Starting backup at 2013/11/12 15:44:11current log archivedusing channel ORA_DISK_1      --下面是skip的提示信息，因为根据新的策略，sequence 123已经被备份过一次了skipping archived log file /u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/archivelog/2013_11_12/o1_mf_1_123_983py6gh_.arc; already backed up 1 time(s)channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup setinput archived log thread=1 sequence=124 RECID=127 STAMP=831311051channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2013/11/12 15:44:12channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2013/11/12 15:44:13piece handle=/u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/backupset/2013_11_12/o1_mf_annnn_ARC_3RD_983q2d34_.bkp tag=ARC_3RD comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01Finished backup at 2013/11/12 15:44:13--清除策略RMAN> configure archivelog deletion policy clear;old RMAN configuration parameters:CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO BACKED UP 1 TIMES TO DISK;RMAN configuration parameters are successfully reset to default value--列出所有归档日志的备份信息RMAN> list backup of archivelog all;List of Backup Sets===================BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    ------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------24      8.00K      DISK        00:00:00     2013/11/12 15:37:26        BP Key: 24   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20131112T153726        Piece Name: /u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/backupset/2013_11_12/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20131112T153726_983pop3p_.bkp  List of Archived Logs in backup set 24  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time            Next SCN   Next Time  ---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------  1    121     3090437    2013/11/12 15:34:15 3090507    2013/11/12 15:36:03  1    122     3090507    2013/11/12 15:36:03 3090591    2013/11/12 15:37:25BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    ------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------25      37.50K     DISK        00:00:00     2013/11/12 15:41:58        BP Key: 25   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: ARC_2ND        Piece Name: /u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/backupset/2013_11_12/o1_mf_annnn_ARC_2ND_983py6mv_.bkp  List of Archived Logs in backup set 25  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time            Next SCN   Next Time  ---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------  1    121     3090437    2013/11/12 15:34:15 3090507    2013/11/12 15:36:03  1    122     3090507    2013/11/12 15:36:03 3090591    2013/11/12 15:37:25  1    123     3090591    2013/11/12 15:37:25 3090746    2013/11/12 15:41:58BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    ------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------26      2.50K      DISK        00:00:00     2013/11/12 15:44:12        BP Key: 26   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: ARC_3RD        Piece Name: /u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/backupset/2013_11_12/o1_mf_annnn_ARC_3RD_983q2d34_.bkp  List of Archived Logs in backup set 26  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time            Next SCN   Next Time  ---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------  1    124     3090746    2013/11/12 15:41:58 3090839    2013/11/12 15:44:11

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