使用C语言实现二维,三维绘图算法(2)-解析曲面的显示

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---- 引言----

每次使用OpenGL或DirectX写三维程序的时候, 都有一种隔靴搔痒的感觉, 对于内部的三维算法的实现不甚了解. 其实想想, Win32中既然存在画线画点函数, 利用计算机图形学的知识, 我们用可以用纯C调用Win32实现三维绘图, 完全不用借助OpenGL和DirectX, 这有重复造轮子的嫌疑, 但是自己动手实现一遍, 毕竟也是有意义的.

[效果演示]

        原始效果(100条浮动曲线)

       

           加密以后的效果(200条浮动曲线)

           

[浮动水平线法绘图过程]

        固定一个y值按步长变换给定一个x值, 从而可计算出平面截线一个点的z坐标值. 将改点投影到xoy平面上, 然后再变换到屏幕上. 如果是曲线端点要填充边界值. 接着检验此点的可见性,并用1表示上方可见, 0表示不可见, -1表示下方可见. 可见性检测就是用当前点的y值与上下浮动水平线数组中相应的元素值进行比较,y值大于上水平线数组中元素值或小于下水平线数组中元素值, 则当前点可见, 否则不可见. 往下再计算同一平面截线的另一点, 和上面点一样, 先投影到坐标平面上, 再变换到屏幕上. 先前的点叫紧前点, 当前的点为当前点. 紧前点和当前点的可见性主要有下面一些可能情形:

   

 

[编程实现要点]

曲面函数的定义

float SurfaceFun(float X, float Y){    float w1, w2, w3, FV;    w1=4*(X-2)*(X-2) + (Y-4)*(Y-4) - 1;    w2=(X-5)*(X-5)/9 + 4*(Y-2)*(Y-2) - 1;    w3=(X-5)*(X-5)/9 + 4*(Y-6)*(Y-6) - 1;        if(w1>85) w1=85;    if(w2>85) w2=85;    if(w3>85) w3=85;            FV=w1*w1*exp(-w1) + w2*w2*exp(-w2) + w3*w3*exp(-w3);        return(FV);    }


绘制曲面函数

void DrawSurface(){    int Xe, Ye, Ln, Pt, XPre, YPre, XCur, YCur, Xi, Yi;    int *pi, LimY, VisCur, VisPre;    float X, Y, Z;        LimY=GetWindowHeight();    SetLineColor(BLUE);     for(Ln=0; Ln<=LNo; ++Ln)    {        Y=Y2-Ln*IncY;        X=X1;        Z=SurfaceFun(X,Y);        CalcuProject(X, Y, Z);        XPre = 0.5 + (XProj-F1)*EchX + C1;        YPre = 0.5 + (YProj-F3)*EchY + C3;                FillEdge(XPre, YPre, Xd, Yd);                VisPre = VisibilityTest(XPre, YPre);                for(Pt=0; Pt<=PNo; ++Pt)        {            X=X1+Pt*IncX;            Z=SurfaceFun(X,Y);            CalcuProject(X, Y, Z);            XCur = 0.5 + (XProj-F1)*EchX + C1;            YCur = 0.5 + (YProj-F3)*EchY + C3;            VisCur = VisibilityTest(XCur, YCur);                        if( (HMax[XCur]==0) || (HMin[XCur]==LimY) ) VisCur = VisPre;                        if(VisCur == VisPre)            {                if( (VisCur==1) || (VisCur==-1) )                {                    if(0<=XCur)                        PlotLine(XPre, LimY-60-YPre, Xi, LimY-60-YCur);                    else if(0<=YCur)                        PlotLine(XPre, LimY-60-YPre, XPre, LimY-60-YCur);                    else                        PlotLine(Xi, LimY-60-YPre, XPre, LimY-60-YPre);                                        HorizonInc(XPre, YPre, XCur, YCur);                }            }            else    // VisCur!=VisPre            {                if(VisCur==0)                {                    if(VisPre == 1)                    {                        pi = Inter(XPre, YPre, XCur, YCur, HMax);                        Xi = *pi;                        Yi = *(pi+1);                    }                    else                    {                        pi = Inter(XPre, YPre, XCur, YCur, HMin);                        Xi = *pi;                        Yi = *(pi+1);                    }                                        if(0<=Xi)                        PlotLine(XPre, LimY-60-YPre, Xi, LimY-60-Yi);                    else if(0<=Yi)                        PlotLine(XPre, LimY-60-Yi, XPre, LimY-60-Yi);                    else                        PlotLine(XPre, LimY-60-YPre, XPre, LimY-60-YPre);                                        HorizonInc(XPre, YPre, Xi, Yi);                }                else                    {                    if(VisCur == 1)                    {                        if(VisPre == 0)                          {                            pi = Inter(XPre, YPre, XCur, YCur, HMax);                            Xi = *pi;                            Yi = *(pi+1);                                                          if(0<=Xi)                                PlotLine(Xi, LimY-60-Yi, XCur, LimY-60-YCur);                                   else if(0<=Yi)                                PlotLine(XCur, LimY-60-YCur, XCur, LimY-60-YCur);                            else                                PlotLine(XCur, LimY-60-YCur, XCur, LimY-60-YCur);                                                        HorizonInc(Xi, Yi, XCur, YCur);                           }                        else                           {                            pi = Inter(XPre, YPre, XCur, YCur, HMin);                            Xi = *pi;                            Yi = *(pi+1);                                                          if(0<=Xi)                                PlotLine(XPre, LimY-60-YPre, Xi, LimY-60-Yi);                                   else if(0<=Yi)                                PlotLine(XPre, LimY-60-YPre, XPre, LimY-60-Yi);                            else                                PlotLine(XPre, LimY-60-YPre, XPre, LimY-60-YPre);                                                        HorizonInc(XPre, YPre, Xi, Yi);                                                            pi = Inter(XPre, YPre, XCur, YCur, HMax);                            Xi = *pi;                            Yi = *(pi+1);                                                          if(0<=Xi)                                PlotLine(Xi, LimY-60-YCur, XCur, LimY-60-YCur);                                   else if(0<=Yi)                                PlotLine(XCur, LimY-60-Yi, XCur, LimY-60-YCur);                            else                                PlotLine(XCur, LimY-60-YCur, XCur, LimY-60-YCur);                                                        HorizonInc(Xi, Yi, XCur, YCur);                        }                    }                    else    // VisCur!=0, VisCur!=1                    {                        if(VisPre == 0)                          {                            pi = Inter(XPre, YPre, XCur, YCur, HMin);                            Xi = *pi;                            Yi = *(pi+1);                                                          if(0<=Xi)                                PlotLine(Xi, LimY-60-YCur, XCur, LimY-60-YCur);                             else if(0<=Yi)                                PlotLine(XCur, LimY-60-Yi, XCur, LimY-60-YCur);                            else                                PlotLine(XCur, LimY-60-YCur, XCur, LimY-60-YCur);                                                        HorizonInc(Xi, Yi, XCur, YCur);                           }                        else    // VisCur!=0, VisCur!=1, VisPre!=0                        {                            pi = Inter(XPre, YPre, XCur, YCur, HMax);                            Xi = *pi;                            Yi = *(pi+1);                                                          if(0<=Xi)                                PlotLine(XPre, LimY-60-YPre, Xi, LimY-60-Yi);                                  else if(0<=Yi)                                PlotLine(XPre, LimY-60-YPre, XPre, LimY-60-Yi);                            else                                PlotLine(XPre, LimY-60-YPre, XPre, LimY-60-YPre);                                                        HorizonInc(XPre, YPre, Xi, Yi);                                                            pi = Inter(XPre, YPre, XCur, YCur, HMin);                            Xi = *pi;                            Yi = *(pi+1);                                                          if(0<=Xi)                                PlotLine(Xi, LimY-60-Yi, XCur, LimY-60-YCur);                                  else                                PlotLine(XCur, LimY-60-YCur, XCur, LimY-60-YCur);                                                        HorizonInc(Xi, Yi, XCur, YCur);                        }                                            }                }            }                        VisPre = VisCur;            XPre   = XCur;            YPre   = YCur;        }                FillEdge(XCur, YCur, Xg, Yg);    }}