路由器静态路由配置 ------ 1.非缺省的方式 2.超网法的方式 3.缺省的方式

来源：互联网发布：刘胜军知乎编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/06/06 22:47

3种方式的拓扑图完全一样，不一样的地方是在路由指令操作方面： ip route 目标网络地址子网掩码下一跳地址

测试也完全一样，拓扑图如下：

依次配置3台路由器启用接口的IP地址信息如下：

路由器R1

Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#host R1
R1(config)#int fa0/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#int se3/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial3/0, changed state to down
R1(config-if)#end
R1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial3/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial3/0, changed state to up
R1#

路由器R2

Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#host R2
R2(config)#int se2/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#int fa0/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#end
R2#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2#

路由器R3

Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#host R3
R3(config)#int fa0/0
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shut
R3(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#int fa1/0
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shut
R3(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#end
R3#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R3#
无论采用3种方式的哪一种配置静态路由，以上各个路由器接口IP地址配置指令完全一样。

方法1.非缺省的方式配置路由：

路由器R1

R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2
R1(config)#end
R1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial3/0
S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.1.2
S 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.1.2
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R1#

路由器R2

R2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
R2(config)#end
R2#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2
S 192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.1.1
R2#

路由器R3

R3#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1
R3(config)#end
R3#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
S 192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1
R3#

方法2.超网法的方式配置路由：（实际上是合并默认网段组成一个大网段，属于划分子网方面的知识）

路由器R1

R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

注释：子网掩码将默认的C类地址8个默认网段192.168.0.0、192.168.1.0 、192.168.2.0、192.168.3.0、192.168.4.0、192.168.5.0 、192.168.6.0 、192.168.7.0 合并成一个大网段，在同一网段内的IP可直接访问。

此范例中超网的方式配置路由需要满足8个默认网段连续，并在同一个大的网段内。，参看我的另外一篇 如何规划与划分子网，如果子网掩码是192.168.252.0

表示连续的4个默认网段合并成一个大网段，此时192.168.4.0就在第2个大网段内，这样就不对了。
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.248.0 192.168.1.2
R1(config)#end
R1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
S 192.168.0.0/21 [1/0] via 192.168.1.2
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial3/0
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R1#

路由器R2

路由器R3

方法3.缺省的方式配置路由：

路由器R1

R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2
R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.2
R1(config)#end
R1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.1.2 to network 0.0.0.0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial3/0
S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.1.2
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.1.2
R1#

路由器R2

路由器R3

R3#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1
R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1
R3(config)#end
R3#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.2.1 to network 0.0.0.0
S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1
R3#

测试路由器配置

在客户端PC0上

PC>ping 192.168.3.10

Pinging 192.168.3.10 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.

Reply from 192.168.3.10: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125

Reply from 192.168.3.10: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=125

Ping statistics for 192.168.3.10:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 2, Lost = 2 (50% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 3ms, Average = 2ms

PC>

在客户端PC1上

PC>ping 192.168.4.10

Pinging 192.168.4.10 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.4.10: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125

Reply from 192.168.4.10: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=125

Reply from 192.168.4.10: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125

Ping statistics for 192.168.4.10:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 2ms, Average = 1ms

PC>

测试结果表明每种静态路由的配置方式都完全正确。

路由器 静态路由配置 ------ 1.非缺省的方式 2.超网法的方式 3.缺省的方式

路由器静态路由配置 ------ 1.非缺省的方式 2.超网法的方式 3.缺省的方式