linux 下创建一个用户 与 另一个用户权限一致

查看 /etc/passwd 下拥有的用户，发现weblgoic用户的uid=800,gid=800,用户路径为 /home/weblogic

[root@testdb home]# cat /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
avahi-autoipd:x:170:170:Avahi IPv4LL Stack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin
vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
rtkit:x:499:497:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin
abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin
saslauth:x:498:76:"Saslauthd user":/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin
avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin
pulse:x:497:495:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin
gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin
oracle:x:501:501::/home/oracle:/bin/bash
stap-server:x:155:155:Systemtap Compile Server:/var/lib/stap-server:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
oprofile:x:16:16:Special user account to be used by OProfile:/home/oprofile:/sbin/nologin
grid:x:500:501::/home/grid:/bin/bash

weblogic:x:800:800::/home/weblogic:/bin/bash

创建一个新的用户xyy 与weblogic用户在同一个组,此时xyy用户uid=801,用户路径为/home/xyy

[root@testdb home]# useradd -g 800  -u 801 xyy
[root@testdb home]# cat /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
avahi-autoipd:x:170:170:Avahi IPv4LL Stack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin
vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
rtkit:x:499:497:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin
abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin
saslauth:x:498:76:"Saslauthd user":/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin
avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin
pulse:x:497:495:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin
gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin
oracle:x:501:501::/home/oracle:/bin/bash
stap-server:x:155:155:Systemtap Compile Server:/var/lib/stap-server:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
oprofile:x:16:16:Special user account to be used by OProfile:/home/oprofile:/sbin/nologin
grid:x:500:501::/home/grid:/bin/bash
weblogic:x:800:800::/home/weblogic:/bin/bash
xyy:x:801:800::/home/xyy:/bin/bash

编辑/etc/passwd，让xyy用户uid=800

[root@testdb home]# vi  /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
avahi-autoipd:x:170:170:Avahi IPv4LL Stack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin
vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
rtkit:x:499:497:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin
abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin
saslauth:x:498:76:"Saslauthd user":/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin
avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin
pulse:x:497:495:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin
gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin
oracle:x:501:501::/home/oracle:/bin/bash
stap-server:x:155:155:Systemtap Compile Server:/var/lib/stap-server:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
oprofile:x:16:16:Special user account to be used by OProfile:/home/oprofile:/sbin/nologin
grid:x:500:501::/home/grid:/bin/bash
weblogic:x:800:800::/home/weblogic:/bin/bash
xyy:x:800:800::/home/xyy:/bin/bash
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
"/etc/passwd" 39L, 1935C written

[root@testdb home]# ll
total 20
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle   oinstall 4096 Nov 13 11:10 dump
drwx------. 6 oracle   oinstall 4096 Sep  4 12:20 grid
drwx------. 4 oracle      54321 4096 Nov 21 17:54 oracle
drwx------. 5 weblogic bea      4096 Nov 22 17:20 weblogic
drwx------. 4      801 bea      4096 Nov 22 17:19 xyy
[root@testdb home]#
[root@testdb home]# 

切换用户到xyy用户，发现有些警告，发现xyy用户没有/home/xyy权限
[root@testdb home]# su - xyy
su: warning: cannot change directory to /home/xyy: Permission denied
-bash: /home/xyy/.bash_profile: Permission denied
-bash-4.1$
-bash-4.1$
-bash-4.1$ exit
logout
-bash: /home/xyy/.bash_logout: Permission denied

更改/home/xyy文件属性为 weblogic:users

[root@testdb home]# chown  weblogic:bea xyy/

[root@testdb home]# su  - xyy

看到xyy已经变为weblogic用户下

[weblogic@testdb ~]$ id

uid=800(weblogic) gid=800(bea) groups=800(bea) context=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023

用户的文件路径为/home/xyy

[weblogic@testdb ~]$ pwd
/home/xyy

[weblogic@testdb ~]$

注：

UID 是用户的ID 值，在系统中每个用户的UID的值是唯一的，更确切的说每个用户都要对应一个唯一的UID ，系统管理员应该确保这一规则。系统用户的UID的值从0开始，是一个正整数，至于最大值可以在/etc/login.defs 可以查到，一般Linux发行版约定为60000； 在Linux 中，root的UID是0，拥有系统最高权限；

UID 在系统唯一特性，做为系统管理员应该确保这一标准，UID 的唯一性关系到系统的安全，应该值得我们关注！比如我在/etc/passwd 中把xyy的UID 改为0后，你设想会发生什么呢？xyy这个用户会被确认为root用户。xyy这个帐号可以进行所有root的操作。

此时 例子中，xyy uid与weblogic 用户 uid一直，所以拥有weblogic的权限。