[翻译]Cygwin

Cygwin is:

• a collection of tools which provide a Linux look and feel environment for Windows.
• 提供给Windows一个Linux的外观和感觉的环境的一套工具的集合.
• a DLL (cygwin1.dll) which acts as a Linux API layer providing substantial Linux API functionality.
• 一个dll（cygwin1.dll）它扮演一个linux api层提供大量的linux api函数.

Cygwin is not:

• a way to run native Linux apps on Windows. You must rebuild your application from source if you want it to run on Windows.
• 一种去运行linux平台的app在windows上面.如果你想运行在windows上面你必须要重新构建你的源代码.
• a way to magically make native Windows apps aware of UNIX® functionality like signals, ptys, etc. Again, you need to build your apps from source if you want to take advantage of Cygwin functionality.
• 一种魔法般的使本地windows apps认识到unix函数像信号,为终端等.再次申明,你如果要去利用Cygwin函数的优势你需要去从源码开始编译你的app.

The Cygwin DLL currently works with all recent, commercially released x86 32 bit and 64 bit versions of Windows, starting with Windows XP SP3.

Cygwin DLL最近所有当前的工作,商业发布了Windows x86 32 bit 和 64 bit版本,开始Windows XP SP3.

Installing and Updating Cygwin Packages

安装和更新cygwin包.

Installing and Updating Cygwin for 32-bit versions of Windows

安装和更新cygwin包为32位的windows系统.

Run setup-x86.exe any time you want to update or install a Cygwin package for 32-bit windows.

在你需要更新和安装的时候去运行setup-x86.exe.

The signature for setup-x86.exe can be used to verify the validity of this binary using this public key.

setup-x86.exe的署名能被用来去验证这个二进制的有效性使用这个公共的key.

Installing and Updating Cygwin for 64-bit versions of Windows

Run setup-x86_64.exe any time you want to update or install a Cygwin package for 64-bit windows. The signature for setup-x86_64.exe can be used to verify the validity of this binary using this public key.

General installation notes

一般安装说明

When installing packages for the first time, setup*.exe does not install every package. 

当第一次安装,setup*.exe不会安装每一个包.

Only the minimal base packages from the Cygwin distribution are installed by default. 

只会安装来自这个Cygwin缺省分配被安装最小基础包.

Clicking on categories and packages in the setup*.exe package installation screen will provide you with the ability to control what is installed or updated. 

你可以在setup*.exe包安装画面选择你想要安装或更新的包.

Clicking on the "Default" field next to the "All" category will provide you with the opportunity to install every Cygwin package. 

点击缺省区域旁边的"All"可以安装所有cygwin包.

Be advised that this will download and install hundreds of megabytes to your computer. 

提醒你这将会下载和安装几百m字节.

The best plan is probably to click on individual categories and install either entire categories or packages from the categories themselves.
最好的建议是点击个别的类别然后安装整个类别或则来至这个类别的包.

The latest net releases of the Cygwin DLL are numbered 1.n.x, where "n" is currently "7" (e.g., 1.7.5).

最新的网络cygwin发布是1.n.x，n当前是7.

The 1.n.x version numbering refers only to the Cygwin DLL. 

1.n.x版本号参考的只有cygwin dll.

Individual packages like bash, gcc, less, etc. are released independently of the DLL. 

个别的包像bash，gcc,less,等是独立于dll发布的.

The setup*.exe utility tracks the versions of all installed components and provides the mechanism for installing or updating everything available from this site for Cygwin.

setup*.exe实用的跟踪所有安装组件的版本和提供来至Cygwin站点安装和更新.

Once you've installed your desired subset of the Cygwin distribution, 

一旦你安装了你期望的Cygwin分布子集,

setup*.exe will remember what you selected so rerunning the program will update your system with any new package releases.

setup*.exe将会记住你的选择所以运行这个程序会提醒你更新你已经安装的包.

On Windows Vista and later, setup*.exe will check by default if it runs with administrative privileges and, 

在Windows Vista或以后,setup*.exe将会默认检查如果以管理员权限运行。

if not, will try to elevate the process. If you want to avoid this behaviour and install under an unprivileged account just for your own usage, run setup*.exe with the --no-admin option.

如果不是,将会提升这个过程(这句不是太理解.)如果你需要这个行为和安装在一个一般账户只为你自己使用,运行setup.exe非管理员选项.

The setup*.exe installer is designed to be easy for new users to understand while remaining flexible for the experienced. 

setup*.exe安装器被设计对于新用户来说容易同时对老手保持灵活.

The volunteer development team is constantly working on setup*.exe; before requesting a new feature, check the wishlist in the CVS README.

Q: Is there a command-line installer?

A: Yes and no. The setup*.exe program understands command-line arguments which allow you to control its behavior and choose individual packages to install. While this provides some functionality similar to such tools as apt-get or yum it is not as full-featured as those packages.

The basic reason for not having a more full-featured package manager is that such a program would need full access to all of Cygwin's POSIX functionality. That is, however, difficult to provide in a Cygwin-free environment, such as exists on first installation. Additionally, Windows does not easily allow overwriting of in-use executables so installing a new version of the Cygwin DLL while a package manager is using the DLL is problematic.