c++ 模板学习笔记：用数组和类模板模拟通用栈（权哥）

来源：互联网发布：js的confirm和alert 编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/04/27 11:49
初学c++模板类，此处拾人牙慧，用数组和类模板模拟通用栈
#include <iostream>#include <typeinfo>#include <string>#include <cstring>#include <exception>using namespace std;template <typename T=int,int len=10>class stack{T a[len];int cur;public:stack():cur(0){}const char* element(){return typeid(T).name();}int max_size(){return len;}bool empty(){return cur==0;}bool full(){return cur==len;}int size(){return cur;}void push(const T& d)throw(const char*){if(full()) throw("full");a[cur++]=d;}T pop() throw(const char*){if(empty()) throw("empty");return a[--cur];}const T& top(){return a[cur-1];};void clear(){cur=0;}};template <int len>class stack<const char*,len>{string a[len];int cur;public:stack():cur(0){}const char* element(){return "const char*";}int max_size(){return len;}bool empty(){return cur==0;}bool full(){return cur==len;}int size(){return cur;}void push(const char *d)throw(const char*){if(full()) throw("full");a[cur++]=d;}const char* pop() throw(const char*){if(empty()) throw("empty");return a[--cur].c_str();}/*如果返回const char*& 会编译出错:error: invalid initialization of non-const reference of type ‘const char*&’ from a temporary of type ‘const char*’.如果返回const char* const& 编译不报错,会有warning: returning reference to temporary*/const char* const& top() throw(const char*){if(empty()) throw("empty");return a[cur-1].c_str();}void clear(){cur=0;}};int main(){stack<int> si;si.push(1);si.push(2);si.push(3);si.push(4);cout << "top:" << si.top() << endl;cout << "element type:" << si.element() << endl;cout << "max_size:" << si.max_size() << ',' << "size:" << si.size() << endl;while(!si.empty()) cout << si.pop() << ' ';cout << "\n===============================\n";stack<char,15> sc;sc.push('+');sc.push('-');sc.push('*');sc.push('/');cout << "top:" << sc.top() << endl;cout << "element type:" << sc.element() << endl;cout << "max_size:" << sc.max_size() << ',' << "size:" << sc.size() << endl;while(!sc.empty()) cout << sc.pop() << ' ';cout << "\n===============================\n";stack<const char*> scp;char buf[20];while(1){cin >> buf;if(!strcmp(buf,"end")) break;scp.push(buf);}cout << "element type:" << scp.element() << endl;cout << "max_size:" << scp.max_size() << ',' << "size:" << scp.size() << endl;cout << "top:" << scp.top() << endl;while(!scp.empty()) cout << scp.pop() << ' ';cout << "\n===============================\n";return 0;}