[Oracle]Understand Oracle Validated Configurations

Oracle Validated Configurations致力于为企业提供更简易、更快捷、成本更低的基于Linux和Oracle VM的解决方案。该计划向我们提供经过测试和验证的体系架构，其附带的文档揭示了相关硬件、软件、存储、网络原件的最佳配置实践，以帮助系统提升性能和可收缩性并降低成本。从行业角度来说Oracle Validated Configurations所验证的配置及提供的最佳实践文档受到Oracle合作伙伴的接受和认可，Oracle Validated Configurations提供了推荐使用的软硬件组合的部署方案细节，这些方案已被证明是十分有益的。

Oracle Validated Configurations提供了那些好处？

Oracle Validated Configurations是对系统底层组件在高负载下良好工作的有力保证，同时这些推荐配置也在实践中被证明是易于快速部署的。其有助于：

1. 实现标准化的、具有可扩展性、高可用的且成本低廉的解决方案
2. 加速并简化在Linux上部署Oracle软件
3. 为最终用户降低了测试系统所要花费的昂贵成本
4. 转嫁了用户的风险

那么Oracle Validated Configurations和最早推出的Oracle Product Certification有什么区别？

传统的Oracle Product Certification在认证某个操作系统平台后，可以确认Oracle的相关产品完全支持该系统平台。而Oracle Validated Configurations则通过测试验证更进一步提供了完整的组件组合信息，这些信息包括针对软硬件、存储的版本、设置、补丁的推荐值，而这些推荐值来源于Oracle及其合作伙伴的Linux测试实验室中高压测试的经验。

我们要如何使用Oracle Validated Configurations？

我们可以通过访问或订阅 <Browse Published Validated Configurations>来了解OVC中已经验证的软硬件组合配置。

此外在Oracle Enterprise Linux中提供了oracle-validated RPM软件包，通过使用OEL DVD介质上的该包我们可以更简单地部署安装Oracle产品所需要的软件包环境，特别是对于Oracle Database的安装来说有了以上特性后显得特别简单。

通过安装DVD介质使用oracle-validate软件包的步骤如下:
1.创建介质装载目录/media/disk: mkdir /media/disk
2.插入OEL DVD光盘
3.装载目录: mount /dev/cdrom /media/disk
4.touch /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-el5.repo，并加入以下内容

[oel5]name = Enterprise Linux 5.5 DVDbaseurl=file:///media/disk/Server/gpgcheck=0enabled=1

注意以上name中的OEL版本(指5.5)可能和你手头DVD的版本不一样，这一般不会造成问题，但要保证当前操作系统与安装介质中的完全一致。

5.正式安装oracle-validated软件包环境，使用yum install oracle-validated 命令:

yum install oracle-validatedLoaded plugins: securitySetting up Install ProcessResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package oracle-validated.x86_64 0:1.0.0-22.el5 set to be updated--> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/libaio.so for package: oracle-validated--> Running transaction check---> Package libaio-devel.i386 0:0.3.106-5 set to be updated--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved========================================================================================== Package                    Arch             Version                  Repository     Size==========================================================================================Installing: oracle-validated           x86_64           1.0.0-22.el5             ol5            16 kInstalling for dependencies: libaio-devel               i386             0.3.106-5                ol5            12 kTransaction Summary==========================================================================================Install       2 Package(s)Upgrade       0 Package(s)Total download size: 27 kIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total                                                      12 MB/s |  27 kB     00:00Running rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction TestFinished Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning Transaction  Installing     : libaio-devel                                                       1/2  Installing     : oracle-validated                                                   2/2 Installed:  oracle-validated.x86_64 0:1.0.0-22.el5                                                  Dependency Installed:  libaio-devel.i386 0:0.3.106-5                                                           Complete!

完成对oracle-validated的安装后操作系统软件包环境也就水道渠成了，此外该oracle-validated包还会帮助我们设置必要的Linux内核参数，具体来说它会修改/etc/sysctl.conf配置文件中的参数到Oracle推荐的值，以下为完成oracle-validated安装后的sysctl.conf，供参考:

# Kernel sysctl configuration file for Oracle Enterprise Linux## For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled.  See sysctl(8) and# sysctl.conf(5) for more details.# Controls IP packet forwardingnet.ipv4.ip_forward = 0# Controls source route verificationnet.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1# Do not accept source routingnet.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applicationskernel.core_uses_pid = 1# Controls the use of TCP syncookiesnet.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1# Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes# Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue# Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes# Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages# For 11g, Oracle-Validated setting for fs.file-max is 6815744# For 10g, uncomment 'fs.file-max = 327679', and comment 'fs.file-max = 6553600' entry and re-run sysctl -p# fs.file-max = 327679fs.file-max = 6815744# Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.msgmni is 2878kernel.msgmni = 2878# Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.msgmax is 8192kernel.msgmax = 8192# Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.msgmnb is 65536kernel.msgmnb = 65536# Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.sem is '250 32000 100 142'kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 142# Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.shmmni is 4096kernel.shmmni = 4096# Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.shmall is 1073741824kernel.shmall = 1073741824# Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.shmmax is 4398046511104 on x86_64 and 4294967295 on i386 architecture. Refer Note id 567506.1kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104# Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.sysrq is 1kernel.sysrq = 1# Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.rmem_default is 262144net.core.rmem_default = 262144# For 11g, Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.rmem_max is 4194304# For 10g, uncomment 'net.core.rmem_max = 2097152', comment 'net.core.rmem_max = 4194304' entry and re-run sysctl -p# net.core.rmem_max = 2097152net.core.rmem_max = 4194304# Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.wmem_default is 262144net.core.wmem_default = 262144# For 11g, Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.wmem_max is 1048576# For 10g, uncomment 'net.core.wmem_max = 262144', comment 'net.core.wmem_max = 1048576' entry for this parameter and re-run sysctl -p# net.core.wmem_max = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576# Oracle-Validated setting for fs.aio-max-nr is 3145728fs.aio-max-nr = 3145728# For 11g, Oracle-Validated setting for net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range is 9000 65500# For 10g, uncomment 'net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000', comment 'net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500' entry and re-run sysctl -p# net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500# Oracle-Validated setting for vm.min_free_kbytes is 51200 to avoid OOM killervm.min_free_kbytes = 51200

oracle-validated包还会帮助我们修改/etc/security/limits.conf配置以获得合理的shell limit:

[oracle@rh2 ~]$ ulimit  -acore file size          (blocks, -c) 0data seg size           (kbytes, -d) unlimitedscheduling priority             (-e) 0file size               (blocks, -f) unlimitedpending signals                 (-i) 31668max locked memory       (kbytes, -l) 50000000max memory size         (kbytes, -m) unlimitedopen files                      (-n) 131072pipe size            (512 bytes, -p) 8POSIX message queues     (bytes, -q) 819200real-time priority              (-r) 0stack size              (kbytes, -s) 8192cpu time               (seconds, -t) unlimitedmax user processes              (-u) 131072virtual memory          (kbytes, -v) unlimitedfile locks                      (-x) unlimited[oracle@rh2 ~]$ cat /etc/security/limits.conf# Oracle-Validated setting for nofile soft limit is 131072oracle   soft   nofile    131072# Oracle-Validated setting for nofile hard limit is 131072oracle   hard   nofile    131072# Oracle-Validated setting for nproc soft limit is 131072oracle   soft   nproc    131072# Oracle-Validated setting for nproc hard limit is 131072oracle   hard   nproc    131072# Oracle-Validated setting for core soft limit is unlimitedoracle   soft   core    unlimited# Oracle-Validated setting for core hard limit is unlimitedoracle   hard   core    unlimited# Oracle-Validated setting for memlock soft limit is 50000000oracle   soft   memlock    50000000# Oracle-Validated setting for memlock hard limit is 50000000oracle   hard   memlock    50000000by Maclean Liu