Servlet之间的跳转

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1. 转向(Forward)

  转向(forward)是通过RequestDispatcher对象的forward(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)来实现的。示例如下:

RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/servlet/LifeCycleServlet");
dispatcher.forward(request, response);    

getRequestDispatcher()方法的参数必须以“/”开始,“/”表示本Web应用程序的根目录。如上例中,

表示要跳转的地址为http://localhost:8080/servlet/servlet/LifeCycleServlet。

forward是最常用的方式,在Structs等MVC框架中,都是用Servlet来处理用户请求,把结果通过request.setAttribute()放到request中,

然后forward到JSP中显示。

当执行forward方法时,不能有任何输出到达客户端,否则会抛出异常,也就是说,在forward之前,不要使用out.println()语句向客户端输出。

public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
        throws ServletException, IOException {
    String destination = request.getParameter("destination");
     
    if("file".equals(destination)){
        RequestDispatcher d = request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/web.xml");
        d.forward(request, response);
    }else if("jsp".equals(destination)){
        request.setAttribute("date",new Date());  //attributes are reset between requests.
        RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/forward.jsp");
        dispatcher.forward(request, response);
    }else if("servlet".equals(destination)){
        RequestDispatcher disp = request.getRequestDispatcher("/servlet/LifeCycleServlet");
        disp.forward(request, response);
    }else{
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        response.getWriter().println("缺少参数。用法:"+request.getRequestURI()+"?destination=jsp或者file或者servlet");
    }
}


2. 重定向(Redirect)

  重定向是通过服务器端返回状态码来实现的。301,302都表示重定向,区别是301表示永久性重定向,302表示临时性重定向。通过sendRedirect(String location)就可以实现重定向,下面是例子。本例子主要实现了Servlet来实现文件下载并统计下载次数。要下载的文件以及下载次数都保存在一个Map中。主要思路是:首先加载页面表单,当用户点击下载链接时,客户端发起请求,运行doGet里的if判断,实现重定向。

  重定向和跳转的区别:跳转是在服务器端实现的,客户端浏览器并不知道该浏览动作,而使用Redict跳转时,跳转是在客户端实现的,也就是说客户端浏览器实际上请求了2次服务器。

public class RedictServletextends HttpServlet {
 
    Map<String,Integer> map = new HashMap<String,Integer>();//new一个Map
 
    public void init()throws ServletException {  //放在init中,加载servlet时运行此方法,把文件内容放到map中去
        map.put("/download/setup.exe",0);
        map.put("/download/application.zip",0);
        map.put("/download/01.mp3",0);
    }
 
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        String filename = request.getParameter("filename");
         
        if(filename!=null){
            int hit = map.get(filename);  //取下载次数
            map.put(filename, ++hit);  //下载次数加1后保存
            response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+filename);  //重定向到文件
             
        }else{
            response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
            PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
            response.setContentType("text/html");
            out.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">");
            out.println("<HTML>");
            out.println("  <HEAD><TITLE>文件下载</TITLE></HEAD>");
            out.println("   <link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='../css/style.css'>");
            out.println("  <BODY><br/>");
 
            out.println("<fieldset align=center style=width:90%><legend>文件下载</legend>");  //绘制页面表单
            out.println("<table width=100%>");
            out.println("   <tr>");
            out.println("       <td><b>文件名"+"</b></td>");
            out.println("       <td><b>下载次数</b></td>");
            out.println("       <td><b>下载</b></td>");
            out.println("   </tr>");
             
            for(Entry<String,Integer> entry: map.entrySet()){  //遍历map的方法
                out.println("<tr>");
                out.println("   <td>"+entry.getKey()+"</td>");
                out.println("   <td>"+entry.getValue()+"</td>");
                out.println("   <td><a href = '"+request.getRequestURI()+"?filename="+entry.getKey()+"'target = '_blank' onclick ='location = location;'>下载</a></td>");  //target='_blank'目标地址在无标题的新页面中打开。onclick ='location = location;'页面刷新
                out.println("</tr>");
            }
            out.println("</table>");
            out.println("   </legend>");
            out.println("  </BODY>");
            out.println("</HTML>");
            out.flush();
            out.close();
        }
         
    }
 
    public void destroy() {
        super.destroy();// Just puts "destroy" string in log
        // Put your code here
        map = null;
    }
}

 结果图:


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