IOS 之 网络通信Web Servic

Web Service使用的是HTTP协议,并使用URI来定位资源.数据交换格式使用的是JSON和XML等,所支持的方法包括POST,GET,PUT,DELETE等.

下面介绍一下这些IOS SDK通信类的使用方法:

同步GET通信方法:

-(void)startRequest{    NSString *strURL = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"http://xxxx.com/xxx/xx.jsp?email=%@&type=%@&action=%@", @"[e-mail]", @"JSON", @"query"];    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[self URLEncodedString:strURL]]; //网络传输的时候不能有中文等特殊字符,如果有得转换一下    NSURLRequest *request = [[NSURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:url];    NSData *data = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:request returningResponse:Nil error:nil];    //线程处于一直等待中完成后开始执行下边    NSDictionary *resDict = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:NSJSONReadingAllowFragments error:nil];}

//这是另一种初始化方法

- (id)initWithURL:(NSURL *)theURL cachePolicy:(NSURLRequestCachePolicy)cachePolicy timeoutInterval:(NSTimeInterval)timeoutInterval  

cachePolicy属性可以有以下几个定义

enum {     NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy = 0,     //默认的缓存策略,由协议定义

NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalCacheData = 1,    //忽略缓存直接从原始地址请求

NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalAndRemoteCacheData =4,    //忽略本地和远程的缓存数据,直接从原始地址请求

NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringCacheData = NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalCacheData,   

NSURLRequestReturnCacheDataElseLoad = 2,    //只有在没有缓存数据时从原始地址请求

NSURLRequestReturnCacheDataDontLoad = 3,    //只使用缓存数据,如果不存在缓存,就会抛出异常,请求失败,用于离线模式

NSURLRequestReloadRevalidatingCacheData = 5 };  //验证本地缓存数据与远程数据是否相同,如果相同则使用本地缓存数据,否则请求远程数据.

typedef NSUInteger NSURLRequestCachePolicy; 

//中文字符转换方法

-(NSString *)URLEncodedString:(NSString *)string{    //Core Foundation框架提供的C函数,可以把内容转换成为URL编码    NSString *result = (NSString *)CFBridgingRelease(CFURLCreateStringByAddingPercentEscapes(kCFAllocatorDefault,        (CFStringRef)string, //要转换的字符串        NULL, //本身为非法URL字符但不进行编码的字符集合        CFSTR("+$,#[] "), //本身为合法的URL字符但需要进行编码的字符集合        kCFStringEncodingUTF8));        return result;}

异步GET通信方法:

异步的GET方法通过NSURLConnectionDelegate协议来调用的.协议方法如下

-(void)startAsyRequest{    NSString *strURL = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"http://xxxx.com/xxx/xx.jsp?email=%@&type=%@&action=%@", @"[e-mail]", @"JSON", @"query"];    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[self URLEncodedString:strURL]]; //网络传输的时候不能有中文等特殊字符,如果有得转换一下    NSURLRequest *request = [[NSURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:url];    NSURLConnection *connection = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:request delegate:self];    if ( connection ) {        _data = [NSMutableData new];    }}//失败时回调方法-(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error{    NSLog(@"%@", [error description]);}//接收数据时调用-(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data{    [_data appendData:data];}//接收完成时调用-(void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection{    NSDictionary *dict = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithStream:_data options:NSJSONReadingAllowFragments error:nil];}

同步POST通信方法:

//第一步，创建URL    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://api.hudong.com/iphonexml.do"];    //第二步，创建请求    NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc]initWithURL:url cachePolicy:NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy timeoutInterval:10];    [request setHTTPMethod:@"POST"];//设置请求方式为POST，默认为GET    NSString *str = @"type=focus-c";//设置参数    NSData *data = [str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];    [request setHTTPBody:data];1    //第三步，连接服务器    NSData *received = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:request returningResponse:nil error:nil];    NSString *str1 = [[NSString alloc]initWithData:received encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];    NSLog(@"%@",str1);

异步POST通信方法:

-(void)startAsyPostRequest{    NSString *strURL = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"http://xxxx.com/xxx/xx.jsp"];    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[self URLEncodedString:strURL]]; //网络传输的时候不能有中文等特殊字符,如果有得转换一下    NSString *post = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"email=%@&type=%@&action=%@", @"[e-mail]", @"JSON", @"query"];    NSData *postData = [post dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];    NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];    [request setHTTPMethod:@"POST"];    [request setHTTPBody:postData];        NSURLConnection *connection = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:request delegate:self];    if ( connection ) {        _data = [NSMutableData new];    }}//失败时回调方法-(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error{    NSLog(@"%@", [error description]);}//接收数据时调用-(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data{    [_data appendData:data];}//接收完成时调用-(void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection{    NSDictionary *dict = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithStream:_data options:NSJSONReadingAllowFragments error:nil];}

下边介绍一下第三方的HTTP框架

ASIHTTPRequest框架是基于OC的优秀的第三方HTTP框架,支持MAC OS 和 IOS下的开发.

下载地址: https://github.com/pokeb/asi-http-request/tree

技术支持: http://allseeing-i.com/ASIHTTPRequest

框架的优点如下:

1.支持将下载的数据放在内存或本地文件中

2.容易访问请求和应答HTTP头

3.支持cookie

4.支持gzip请求或应答

5.缓存

6.支持同步或异步请求

7.支持HTTPS

但是不支持ARC. 如果要在ARC下开发配置起来还是比较麻烦的.

第一步为工程添加支持的类库和框架

CFNetwork.framework

SystemConfiguration.framework

MobileCoreServices.framework

CoreGraphics.framework

libz.dylib

libxml2.dylib

编译的时候如果提示找不头文件那么指定头文件查找路径为${SDK_DIR}/usr/include/libxml2 就行了

第二步为修改编译参数让编译的时候对这些不支持ARC的文件跳过

如图:

到此,配置OK

下边是代码部分

同步GET请求

#import "ASIHTTPRequest.h"-(void)startSyGetRequest{    NSString *strURL = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"http://xxxx.com/xxx/xx.jsp?email=%@&type=%@&action=%@", @"[e-mail]", @"JSON", @"query"];    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[self URLEncodedString:strURL]]; //网络传输的时候不能有中文等特殊字符,如果有得转换一下    ASIHTTPRequest *request = [ASIHTTPRequest requestWithURL:url];    [request startSynchronous];        NSError *erro = [request error];    //线程处于一直等待中完成后开始执行下边    if ( !error ) {        NSData *data = [request responseData];        NSDictionary *resDict = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:NSJSONReadingAllowFragments error:nil];    }}

同步POST请求

#import "ASIFormDataRequest.h"-(void)startSyPostRequest{    NSString *strURL = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"http://xxxx.com/xxx/xx.jsp"];    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[self URLEncodedString:strURL]]; //网络传输的时候不能有中文等特殊字符,如果有得转换一下    ASIFormDataRequest *request = [ASIFormDataRequest requestWithURL:url];    [request setPostValue:@"[e-mail]" forKey:@"email"];    [request setPostValue:@"JSON" forKey:@"type"];    [request setPostValue:@"query" forKey:@"action"];        [request startSynchronous];    NSError *error = [request error];    //线程处于一直等待中完成后开始执行下边    if ( !error ) {        NSData *data = [request responseData];        NSDictionary *resDict = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:NSJSONReadingAllowFragments error:nil];    }}

异步GET和POST请求

-(void)startSyGetRequest{    NSString *strURL = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"http://xxxx.com/xxx/xx.jsp?email=%@&type=%@&action=%@", @"[e-mail]", @"JSON", @"query"];    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[self URLEncodedString:strURL]]; //网络传输的时候不能有中文等特殊字符,如果有得转换一下    ASIHTTPRequest *request = [ASIHTTPRequest requestWithURL:url];    [request setDelegate:self];    [request startAsynchronous];}-(void)requestFinished:(ASIHTTPRequest *)request{    NSData *data = [request responseData];}-(void)requestFailed:(ASIHTTPRequest *)request{    NSError *error = [request error];    NSLog(@"%@", [error description]);}

这两个的委托方法都是一样的.POST的就不说了.还可以自定义回调方法

[request setDidFinishSelector:@selector(xxx)];

ASIHTTPRequest还支持队列并发功能.代码如下

#import "ASIHTTPRequest.h"#import "ASINetworkQueue.h"-(void)startSyGetRequest{    ASINetworkQUeue *networkQueue;    networkQueue = [[ASINetworkQueue alloc] init];        //停止以前的队列    [networkQueue cancelAllOperations];        //创建ASI队列    [networkQueue setDelegate:self];    [networkQueue setRequestDidFinishSelector:@selector(requestFinished:)];    ...    for (int i = 1; i < 3; i++) {        NSString *strURL = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"http://xxxx.com/xxx/xx.jsp?email=%@&type=%@&action=%@", @"[e-mail]", @"JSON", @"query"];        NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[self URLEncodedString:strURL]]; //网络传输的时候不能有中文等特殊字符,如果有得转换一下        ASIHTTPRequest *request = [ASIHTTPRequest requestWithURL:url];        request.tag = i;        [networkQueue addOperation:request];    }    [networkQueue go];}-(void)requestFinished:(ASIHTTPRequest *)request{    NSData *data = [request responseData];    if ( request.tag == 1 ) {    }else if ( request.tag == 2 )    {    }}

上传数据用POST

#import "ASIFormDataRequest.h"-(void)Updata{    NSString *strURL = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"http://xxxx.com/xxx/xx.jsp"];    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[self URLEncodedString:strURL]]; //网络传输的时候不能有中文等特殊字符,如果有得转换一下    ASIFormDataRequest *request = [ASIFormDataRequest requestWithURL:url];    [request setPostValue:@"[e-mail]" forKey:@"email"];    [request setPostValue:@"updata" forKey:@"action"];    NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"test1" ofType:@"jpg"];    [request setFile:path forKey:@"file"];        [request setDelegate:self];    [request setDidFinishSelector:@"requestSucess:"];    [request startAsynchronous];}-(void)requestSucess:(ASIHTTPRequest *)request{    NSLog(@"上传文件成功");}

总之这章内容好多,得多加练习