（八）用JAVA编写MP3解码器——解码增益因子

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解码一帧Layer3第2步：解码增益因子 -- getScaleFactors_1()和getScaleFactors_2()方法

增益因子（Scale Factor）数据存储在帧内的主信息中。主信息包含增益因子和用哈夫曼编码的主数据（main_data）。增益因子简单讲就是逆量化公式的指数中的一个因子。手册中解码主数据的伪码算法如下，其中MPEG 1.0由ISO/IEC 11172-3给出，MPEG 2.0由ISO/IEC 13818-3给出。官方并没有MPEG2.5这个版本，这个版本是民间版本。

解码MPEG 1.0的增益因子时用到的输入值：

slen0[]、slen1[]：从上图中看出增益因子的值为位流中读取0..5位的值，当前究竟应该取几位，由这两个常量表给出。
粒度组信息gri：用于判断块的类型的成员变量block_type、mixed_block_flag值已经在上一步中初始化。
scfsi：其值已在上一步初始化，若scfsi[0..3]=1表示增益因子共用。

解码MPEG 2.0的增益因子时用到的输入值：

i_slen2[]：强度立体声(intensity stereo)的增益因子(scalefactor)比特数，变量名中的2表示是MPEG 2.0版。从伪码算法看出解码时需要从位流中读入0..4位，这个常量表的值给出当前应该读多少位。
n_slen2[]：正常(normal)编码的增益因子(scalefactor，简称sf)比特数，这个常量表的值给出当前应该读多少位。
常量表i_slen2[]和n_slen2[]的取值见ISO/IEC 13818-3 subclause 2.4.3.2 slenx x=1..4，这两个常量表已经在Layer3的构造方法内被初始化。
nr_of_sfb[3][6][4]：MPEG 2.0的增益因子被分割为4部分，故nr_of_sfb的第3维长度为4；根据块的类型和scalefac_compress值增益因子频带(简称sfb)每部分的个数(number)分为6种情况，6种情况下其个数各不相同，故nr_of_sfb的第2维长度为6；根据帧边信息中block_type和mixed_block_flag这两个成员的值，共分为3种不同的块类型，故nr_of_sfb的第1维长度为3。我把nr_of_sfb设计为这样的结构，是考虑到和逆量化取得增益因子的值顺序一致。

解码增益因子得到的值：

增益因子用去的比特数保存在part2_bits中，供后续的哈夫曼解码时计算主数据的比特数。
解码得到的增益因子的值，长块的放入scfL[2][23]；
得到的增益因子的值，短块(包括纯短块和混合块中的短块)的值保存在scfS[2][3][13]中，得到的这些值供后续的逆量化使用，这些值在数组中的存放顺序要和逆量化时读取的顺序一致，这样效率更高一些。

　　解码MPEG 1.0和MPEG 2.0/2.5增益因子的方法差别很大，这里定义了两个版本的方法。这里涉及到的“纯短块”、“长块”、“混合块”、“窗”概念，在逆量化中再作说明。根据上面对常量及变量值的描述中提及的“共用”、“块的类型”、“窗”就很容易看懂getScaleFactors_x()方法中的if语句和for语句的作用；短块内每个子带分3窗，所以有2重循环。

class Layer3内定义的getScaleFactors_x()方法源码：

//2.//>>>>SCALE FACTORS========================================================private static int[][] scfL;// [2][23];private static int[][][] scfS;// [2][3][13];private static int[] i_slen2;// MPEG 2.0 slen for intensity stereoprivate static int[] n_slen2;// MPEG 2.0 slen for 'normal' mode// slen: 增益因子(scalefactor)比特数private static byte[][][] nr_of_sfb;//[3][6][4]/* * MPEG 2.0/2.5 */private void getScaleFactors_2(final int ch, final int gr) {byte[] nr;int i, bandIdx, win, slen, num, n = 0, scf = 0;boolean i_stereo = objHeader.isIStereo();GRInfo gri = objSI.ch[ch].gr[gr];int[] l = scfL[ch];int[][] s = scfS[ch];rzero_bandL = 0;if ((ch > 0) && i_stereo)slen = i_slen2[gri.scalefac_compress >> 1];elseslen = n_slen2[gri.scalefac_compress];gri.preflag = (slen >> 15) & 0x1;gri.part2_bits = 0;if (gri.block_type == 2) {n++;if ((gri.mixed_block_flag) != 0)n++;nr = nr_of_sfb[n][(slen >> 12) & 0x7];for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {num = slen & 0x7;slen >>= 3;if (num != 0) {for (bandIdx = 0; bandIdx < nr[i]; bandIdx += 3) {for (win = 0; win < 3; win++)s[win][scf] = bsMainInfo.getBits17(num);scf++;}gri.part2_bits += nr[i] * num;} else {for (bandIdx = 0; bandIdx < nr[i]; bandIdx += 3) {for (win = 0; win < 3; win++)s[win][scf] = 0;scf++;}}}n = (n << 1) + 1;for (i = 0; i < n; i += 3) {for (win = 0; win < 3; win++)s[win][scf] = 0;scf++;}} else {nr = nr_of_sfb[n][(slen >> 12) & 0x7];for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {num = slen & 0x7;slen >>= 3;if (num != 0) {for (bandIdx = 0; bandIdx < nr[i]; bandIdx++)l[scf++] = bsMainInfo.getBits17(num);gri.part2_bits += nr[i] * num;} else {for (bandIdx = 0; bandIdx < nr[i]; bandIdx++)l[scf++] = 0;}}n = (n << 1) + 1;for (i = 0; i < n; i++)l[scf++] = 0;}}/* * MPEG 1.0 */private static final int slen0[] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4 };private static final int slen1[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3 };private void getScaleFactors_1(final int ch, final int gr) {GRInfo gri = objSI.ch[ch].gr[gr];int scale_comp = gri.scalefac_compress;int length0 = slen0[scale_comp];int length1 = slen1[scale_comp];int sfb, win;int[] l = scfL[ch];int[][] s = scfS[ch];gri.part2_bits = 0;if (gri.window_switching_flag != 0 && gri.block_type == 2) {if (gri.mixed_block_flag != 0) {// MIXED blockgri.part2_bits = 17 * length0 + 18 * length1;for (sfb = 0; sfb < 8; sfb++)l[sfb] = bsMainInfo.getBits9(length0);for (sfb = 3; sfb < 6; sfb++)for (win = 0; win < 3; win++)s[win][sfb] = bsMainInfo.getBits9(length0);for (sfb = 6; sfb < 12; sfb++)for (win = 0; win < 3; win++)s[win][sfb] = bsMainInfo.getBits9(length1);} else {// pure SHORT blockgri.part2_bits = 18 * (length0 + length1);for (sfb = 0; sfb < 6; sfb++)for (win = 0; win < 3; win++)s[win][sfb] = bsMainInfo.getBits9(length0);for (sfb = 6; sfb < 12; sfb++)for (win = 0; win < 3; win++)s[win][sfb] = bsMainInfo.getBits9(length1);}} else {// LONG types 0,1,3int[] scfsi = objSI.ch[ch].scfsi;if (gr == 0) {gri.part2_bits = 10 * (length0 + length1) + length0;for (sfb = 0; sfb < 11; sfb++)l[sfb] = bsMainInfo.getBits9(length0);for (sfb = 11; sfb < 21; sfb++)l[sfb] = bsMainInfo.getBits9(length1);} else {gri.part2_bits = 0;if (scfsi[0] == 0) {for (sfb = 0; sfb < 6; sfb++)l[sfb] = bsMainInfo.getBits9(length0);gri.part2_bits += 6 * length0;}if (scfsi[1] == 0) {for (sfb = 6; sfb < 11; sfb++)l[sfb] = bsMainInfo.getBits9(length0);gri.part2_bits += 5 * length0;}if (scfsi[2] == 0) {for (sfb = 11; sfb < 16; sfb++)l[sfb] = bsMainInfo.getBits9(length1);gri.part2_bits += 5 * length1;}if (scfsi[3] == 0) {for (sfb = 16; sfb < 21; sfb++)l[sfb] = bsMainInfo.getBits9(length1);gri.part2_bits += 5 * length1;}}}}//<<<<SCALE FACTORS========================================================

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