Android frameworks Singleton

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/* * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */#ifndef ANDROID_UTILS_SINGLETON_H#define ANDROID_UTILS_SINGLETON_H#include <stdint.h>#include <sys/types.h>#include <utils/threads.h>#include <cutils/compiler.h>namespace android {// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------template <typename TYPE>class ANDROID_API Singleton{public:    static TYPE& getInstance() {        Mutex::Autolock _l(sLock);        TYPE* instance = sInstance;        if (instance == 0) {            instance = new TYPE();            sInstance = instance;        }        return *instance;    }    static bool hasInstance() {        Mutex::Autolock _l(sLock);        return sInstance != 0;    }    protected:    ~Singleton() { };    Singleton() { };private:    //禁止复制构造函数和赋值运算符函数,禁止类外部和内部以及友元调用 declare private,not define    Singleton(const Singleton&);    Singleton& operator = (const Singleton&);    static Mutex sLock;    static TYPE* sInstance;};/* * use ANDROID_SINGLETON_STATIC_INSTANCE(TYPE) in your implementation file * (eg: <TYPE>.cpp) to create the static instance of Singleton<>'s attributes, * and avoid to have a copy of them in each compilation units Singleton<TYPE> * is used. *  * NOTE: we use a version of Mutex ctor that takes a parameter, because * for some unknown reason using the default ctor doesn't emit the variable! * 注意:我们使用Mutex类带一个参数的构造函数,是因为一些未知原因可能导致使用默认构造函数无法生成变量。 * Google工程师也有妥协的时候啊,开来我们也不要太过执着,淡定,这个注释说明其意图,使读者明白其道理,并体现了Google工程师的坦诚。  *///想要使用Singleton,需要在自定义类型的实现文件中包含此宏,用以初始化类模版static变量,并显示实例化类模版#define ANDROID_SINGLETON_STATIC_INSTANCE(TYPE)                 \    template<> Mutex Singleton< TYPE >::sLock(Mutex::PRIVATE);  \    template<> TYPE* Singleton< TYPE >::sInstance(0);           \    template class Singleton< TYPE >;// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------}; // namespace android#endif // ANDROID_UTILS_SINGLETON_H

时隔一年整,我今天终于弄明白困扰谷歌工程师的疑惑啦,首先,根据模板语法,template<>是对静态成员变量的特化。

在此情况下,如果使用默认的初始化方式

template<> Mutex Singleton< TYPE >::sLock
编译器会认为上行代码是一个非定义的声明。并且我们不能这样做
template<> Mutex Singleton< TYPE >::sLock();

因为编译器会认为只是一个函数声明,而不是调用默认构造函数进行初始化。

如果为了从简单的角度出发(),使用如下方法应该一样好

template<typename T> T Singleton<T>::mutex();

至于使用特化定义,还是使用普通的定义区别,我现在真的说不好。


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