linux下安装新硬盘并挂载mount

一、过程步骤：

1、首先是添加新硬盘，本人是在虚拟机下添加的：VM >>Settings >> Hardware >> Add >> Hard Disk >> 一路默认。。。

2、fdisk -l    //查看是否找到新硬盘，查看硬盘代号。

3、fdisk /dev/sdb    //找到代号为sdb的新硬盘（创建分区sdb1）

4、mkfs.ext4  /dev/sdb1     //把新硬盘格式化成ext4文件系统

5、mkdir disk2   //创建新的挂载点（一般cd到/mnt目录下进行创建）

6、mount /dev/sdb1   /disk2   //手动挂载分区，把硬盘挂到/disk2目录下

7、vi /etc/fstab     进入编辑模式，添加 /dev/sdb1   /disk2  ext4   auto  1   2  //设置为开机自动挂载分区

二.详细过程


2、
查看硬盘代号
[root@AMD-LINUX ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0×0007d856


Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 25 200781 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 26 1305 10281600 8e Linux LVM


Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes <=新硬盘
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0×00000000


Disk /dev/sdb doesn’t contain a valid partition table


Disk /dev/dm-0: 9395 MB, 9395240960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1142 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0×00000000


Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn’t contain a valid partition table


Disk /dev/dm-1: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0×30307800


Disk /dev/dm-1 doesn’t contain a valid partition table
3、fdisk 分区
[root@AMD-LINUX ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0×623223a1.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won’t be recoverable.


Warning: invalid flag 0×0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)


Command (m for help): p <=显示信息


Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0×623223a1


Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System


Command (m for help): n <=新建分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p <=新建主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1 <=分区号为1，即/dev/sdb1
First cylinder (1-261, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-261, default 261):
Using default value 261（输入给定范围的最大值，即把全部全部空间给该分区）


Command (m for help): p <=显示分区信息


Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0×623223a1


Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux


Command (m for help): w <=保存退出
The partition table has been altered!


Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
4、创建挂载点
[root@AMD-LINUX ~]# mkdir /disk2


[root@AMD-LINUX ~]# fdisk -l


Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0×0007d856


Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 25 200781 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 26 1305 10281600 8e Linux LVM


Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0×623223a1


Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux


Disk /dev/dm-0: 9395 MB, 9395240960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1142 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0×00000000


Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn’t contain a valid partition table


Disk /dev/dm-1: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0×30307800


Disk /dev/dm-1 doesn’t contain a valid partition table


[root@AMD-LINUX ~]# mkfs.ext4  /dev/sdb1     =>  //把新硬盘格式化成ext4文件系统  
mke2fs 1.40.2 (12-Jul-2007)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
262144 inodes, 524112 blocks
26205 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=536870912
16 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912


Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done


This filesystem will be automatically checked every 36 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.




5、设置为开机自动挂载分区
[root@AMD-LINUX ~]# vi /etc/fstab
/dev/sdb1     /disk2      ext3       auto     1 2


6、手动挂载分区
[root@AMD-LINUX ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /disk2/