OpenStack api使用记录

openstack官方有提供api供开发者使用，可以使用api做一些外围的小工具，用来简化对openstack的管理。本篇主要讲解api中使用GET方法的接口，其余的POST、DELETE方法以后介绍。

    api-quickstart:http://docs.openstack.org/api/quick-start/content/index.html

    api-doc:http://api.openstack.org/api-ref.html

    环境：ubuntu12.10(10.1.1.186)

    如果你看了官方的quickstart，他会让你先生成一个X-Auth-Token值，然后使用这个认证的值调用相关的api接口。如下过程：

1curl -k -X 'POST' -v http://10.1.1.186:5000/v2.0/tokens -d '{"auth":{"passwordCredentials":{"username": "guol", "password":"123456"}}}' -H 'Content-type: application/json' | python -mjson.tool

输出结果如下：

01{

02    "access": {

03        "serviceCatalog": {},

04        "token": {

05            "expires": "2013-01-27T04:55:35Z",

06            "id": "a4b6a871ff2f41a797c0b7d45c69f81e"

07        },

08        "user": {

09            "id": "4c1a6122fc874a8bb541a34be3b316ad",

10            "name": "guol",

11            "roles": [],

12            "roles_links": [],

13            "username": "guol"

14        }

15    }

16}

然后使用token id调用你使用的api

1curl -X 'GET' -H  "X-Auth-Token:a4b6a871ff2f41a797c0b7d45c69f81e" -v http://10.1.1.186:5000/v2.0/tenants | python -mjson.tool

输出的结果如下：

01{

02    "tenants": [

03        {

04            "description": "\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\u7ba1\u7406\u5458,\u5168\u5c40\u7ba1\u7406\u6240\u6709\u9879\u76ee",

05            "enabled": true,

06            "id": "3a3613f83183435d9c47aa362261f720",

07            "name": "admin"

08        }

09    ],

10    "tenants_links": []

11}

    当你按照api-doc接着调用compute、image、volume等下面的api接口时，会发现统统没有返回值，经过一段时间的摸索，发现对下剩下的api接口是需要使用认证过的token才能使用的，下面的方法才是王道。

获取认证token值

1curl -X POST -d  '{"auth": {"tenantName": "VM", "passwordCredentials":{"username": "admin", "password": "123456"}}}' -H "Content-type: application/json" http://10.1.1.186:35357/v2.0/tokens | python -mjson.tool

返回值如下：

001{

002    "access": {

003        "metadata": {

004            "is_admin": 0,

005            "roles": [

006                "141927156f7a47d98858e51febaea8cf"

007            ]

008        },

009        "serviceCatalog": [

010            {

011                "endpoints": [

012                    {

013                        "adminURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671",

014                        "id": "e02aaf58a24641049fddfe7385ce9399",

015                        "internalURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671",

016                        "publicURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671",

017                        "region": "RegionOne"

018                    }

019                ],

020                "endpoints_links": [],

021                "name": "nova",

022                "type": "compute"

023            },

024            {

025                "endpoints": [

026                    {

027                        "adminURL": "http://10.1.1.186:9292/v1",

028                        "id": "7c48fa4d876d44e0a3cb324a45a14931",

029                        "internalURL": "http://10.1.1.186:9292/v1",

030                        "publicURL": "http://10.1.1.186:9292/v1",

031                        "region": "RegionOne"

032                    }

033                ],

034                "endpoints_links": [],

035                "name": "glance",

036                "type": "image"

037            },

038            {

039                "endpoints": [

040                    {

041                        "adminURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8776/v1/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671",

042                        "id": "c08114987bc0443d879436db6290dd08",

043                        "internalURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8776/v1/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671",

044                        "publicURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8776/v1/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671",

045                        "region": "RegionOne"

046                    }

047                ],

048                "endpoints_links": [],

049                "name": "volume",

050                "type": "volume"

051            },

052            {

053                "endpoints": [

054                    {

055                        "adminURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8773/services/Admin",

056                        "id": "cd6c3c2ac44340d6a78cb903ec9bcab3",

057                        "internalURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8773/services/Cloud",

058                        "publicURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8773/services/Cloud",

059                        "region": "RegionOne"

060                    }

061                ],

062                "endpoints_links": [],

063                "name": "ec2",

064                "type": "ec2"

065            },

066            {

067                "endpoints": [

068                    {

069                        "adminURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8080/v1",

070                        "id": "a75755093500441ea954f4874ccecf15",

071                        "internalURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8080/v1/AUTH_170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671",

072                        "publicURL": "http://10.1.1.186:8080/v1/AUTH_170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671",

073                        "region": "RegionOne"

074                    }

075                ],

076                "endpoints_links": [],

077                "name": "swift",

078                "type": "object-store"

079            },

080            {

081                "endpoints": [

082                    {

083                        "adminURL": "http://10.1.1.186:35357/v2.0",

084                        "id": "196e553f9bcc4c8fa425bc0fa28a144b",

085                        "internalURL": "http://10.1.1.186:5000/v2.0",

086                        "publicURL": "http://10.1.1.186:5000/v2.0",

087                        "region": "RegionOne"

088                    }

089                ],

090                "endpoints_links": [],

091                "name": "keystone",

092                "type": "identity"

093            }

094        ],

095        "token": {

096            "expires": "2013-01-27T05:06:50Z",

097            "id": "71fb5b7816804febbd89ed315fe67c94",

098            "tenant": {

099                "description": "\u6240\u6709\u516c\u53f8\u81ea\u4e3b\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u53d1\u5e03\u673a,\u5982\u8d5b\u5c14\u53f7,\u529f\u592b\u7b49",

100                "enabled": true,

101                "id": "170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671",

102                "name": "VM"

103            }

104        },

105        "user": {

106            "id": "24a2251c32504957ad2647c2448ffac3",

107            "name": "admin",

108            "roles": [

109                {

110                    "name": "\u524d\u7aef\u6e38\u620f"

111                }

112            ],

113            "roles_links": [],

114            "username": "admin"

115        }

116    }

117}

使用返回的token id和tenant id调用api返回该tenant下的servers

1curl -X GET -H "X-Auth-Token:71fb5b7816804febbd89ed315fe67c94" -H "Content-type: application/json" http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers | python -mjson.tool

返回结果如下

01{

02    "servers": [

03        {

04            "id": "ac561829-dffa-443e-a321-260d48f4cba3",

05            "links": [

06                {

07                    "href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/ac561829-dffa-443e-a321-260d48f4cba3",

08                    "rel": "self"

09                },

10                {

11                    "href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/ac561829-dffa-443e-a321-260d48f4cba3",

12                    "rel": "bookmark"

13                }

14            ],

15            "name": "VM1"

16        },

17        {

18            "id": "e3b84378-7598-48c8-8a1d-bd555c4c1f90",

19            "links": [

20                {

21                    "href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/e3b84378-7598-48c8-8a1d-bd555c4c1f90",

22                    "rel": "self"

23                },

24                {

25                    "href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/e3b84378-7598-48c8-8a1d-bd555c4c1f90",

26                    "rel": "bookmark"

27                }

28            ],

29            "name": "VM2"

30        },

31        {

32            "id": "beafef2e-26c4-4320-9b45-70006e71785c",

33            "links": [

34                {

35                    "href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/beafef2e-26c4-4320-9b45-70006e71785c",

36                    "rel": "self"

37                },

38                {

39                    "href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/beafef2e-26c4-4320-9b45-70006e71785c",

40                    "rel": "bookmark"

41                }

42            ],

43            "name": "VM3"

44        },

45        {

46            "id": "f8450270-9d96-4dba-b1c2-8ebcef1ff012",

47            "links": [

48                {

49                    "href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/v2/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/f8450270-9d96-4dba-b1c2-8ebcef1ff012",

50                    "rel": "self"

51                },

52                {

53                    "href": "http://10.1.1.186:8774/170bf7acb88646bc9147085d426c4671/servers/f8450270-9d96-4dba-b1c2-8ebcef1ff012",

54                    "rel": "bookmark"

55                }

56            ],

57            "name": "VM4"

58        }

59    ]

60}

通过返回值可以看到vm tenant中共包含VM1 VM2 VM3 VM4四台实例。

下面附上一个python调用api获取特定tenant下运行实例的脚本

view source

print?

01#!/usr/bin/python

02import base64,urllib,httplib,json,os

03from urlparse import urlparse

04 

05url1="10.1.1.186:35357"

06params1 = '{"auth": {"tenantName": "tenant-name", "passwordCredentials":{"username": "admin", "password": "123456"}}}'

07headers1 = {"Content-Type": 'application/json'}

08conn1 = httplib.HTTPConnection(url1)

09conn1.request("POST","/v2.0/tokens",params1,headers1)

10response1 = conn1.getresponse()

11data1 = response1.read()

12dd1 = json.loads(data1)

13conn1.close()

14 

15apitoken = dd1['access']['token']['id']

16apitenant= dd1['access']['token']['tenant']['id']

17apiurl = dd1['access']['serviceCatalog'][0]['endpoints'][0]['publicURL']

18apiurlt = urlparse(dd1['access']['serviceCatalog'][0]['endpoints'][0]['publicURL'])

19 

20url2 = apiurlt[1]

21params2 = urllib.urlencode({})

22headers2 = { "X-Auth-Token":apitoken, "Content-type":"application/json" }

23conn2 = httplib.HTTPConnection(url2)

24conn2.request("GET", "%s/servers" % apiurlt[2], params2, headers2)

25response2 = conn2.getresponse()

26data2 = response2.read()

27dd2 = json.loads(data2)

28conn2.close()

29for i in range(len(dd2['servers'])):

30    print dd2['servers'][i]['name']