grep命令常用15招
来源:互联网 发布:守望先锋网络 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/06/01 08:35
首先创建我们练习grep命令时需要用到的demo文件: demo_file
$ cat demo_file
THIS LINE IS THE 1ST UPPER CASE LINE IN THIS FILE.
this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.
This Line Has All Its First Character Of The Word With Upper Case.
Two lines above this line is empty.
And this is the last line.
1.从单个文件中搜索指定的字串
grep的基础用法是如下例的从指定的文件中搜索特定的字串。
语法:grep "literal_string" filename
$ grep "this" demo_filethis line is the 1st lower case line in this file.Two lines above this line is empty.And this is the last line.
2. 在多个文件中检索指定的字串
语法:grep "string" FILE_PATTERN
$ cp demo_file demo_file1$ grep "this" demo_*demo_file:this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.demo_file:Two lines above this line is empty.demo_file:And this is the last line.demo_file1:this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.demo_file1:Two lines above this line is empty.demo_file1:And this is the last line.
3. 用 grep -i 进行大小写无关的搜索
语法:grep -i "string" FILE
也是一个基本用法,对搜索的字串忽略大小写,因此下例中匹配“the”, “THE” and “The”。
$ grep -i "the" demo_fileTHIS LINE IS THE 1ST UPPER CASE LINE IN THIS FILE.this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.This Line Has All Its First Character Of The Word With Upper Case.And this is the last line.
4. 使用用正则表达式
语法:grep "REGEX" filename
如果你能有效地利用正则表达式,这是个很有用的特点。在下面的例子中,搜索全部以“lines”开始以“empty”结束的字串,如搜索“lines[之间任意字]empty” ,并且忽略大小写。
$ grep -i "lines.*empty" demo_fileTwo lines above this line is empty.
正则表达式遵循的几个重复的操作
- ? 最多匹配一次
- * 匹配零次或者任意多次
- + 匹配一次以上
- {n} 匹配n次
- {n,} 最少匹配n次
- {,m} 最多匹配m次
- {n,m} 匹配n到m次
5. 用grep -w搜索整个词,而不是词中的部分字串
使用-w选项搜索一个单词,并且避免搜索到词中的部分字串。
下例搜索"is"。如果不加-w选项,将显示“is”, “his”, “this” 等所有包含“is”的行。
$ grep -i "is" demo_fileTHIS LINE IS THE 1ST UPPER CASE LINE IN THIS FILE.this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.This Line Has All Its First Character Of The Word With Upper Case.Two lines above this line is empty.And this is the last line.
下例使用了-w选项,请注意结果中不包含 “This Line Has All Its First Character Of The Word With Upper Case”, 虽然 “This”中包含“is”。
$ grep -iw "is" demo_fileTHIS LINE IS THE 1ST UPPER CASE LINE IN THIS FILE.this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.Two lines above this line is empty.And this is the last line.
6. 使用grep -A, -B and -C显示之前、之后、前后的几行
当使用grep搜索大文件时,显示匹配行附近的多行数据是一个很有用的功能。
创建如下文件
$ cat demo_text4. Vim Word NavigationYou may want to do several navigation in relation to the words, such as: * e - go to the end of the current word. * E - go to the end of the current WORD. * b - go to the previous (before) word. * B - go to the previous (before) WORD. * w - go to the next word. * W - go to the next WORD.WORD - WORD consists of a sequence of non-blank characters, separated with white space.word - word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores.Example to show the difference between WORD and word * 192.168.1.1 - single WORD * 192.168.1.1 - seven words.
6.1 显示匹配行之后的N行
-A
语法:grep -A "string" FILENAME
下例显示匹配行和之后的3行数据
$ grep -A 3 -i "example" demo_textExample to show the difference between WORD and word* 192.168.1.1 - single WORD* 192.168.1.1 - seven words.
6.2显示匹配行之前的N行
-B
语法:grep -B "string" FILENAME
下例显示匹配行和之前的2行数据
$ grep -B 2 "single WORD" demo_textExample to show the difference between WORD and word* 192.168.1.1 - single WORD
6.3显示匹配行前后的N行
-C 显示之前的n行,之后的n行数据.
$ grep -C 2 "Example" demo_textword - word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores.Example to show the difference between WORD and word* 192.168.1.1 - single WORD
7.通过GREP_OPTIONS高亮显示搜索的字串
如果你希望搜索的字串高亮显示在结果中,可以试用以下的办法。
通过修改GREP_OPTIONS对搜索字串高亮显示。
$ export GREP_OPTIONS='--color=auto' GREP_COLOR='100;8'$ grep this demo_filethis line is the 1st lower case line in this file.Two lines above this line is empty.And this is the last line.
8. 用grep -r递归搜索全部的文件
如果想查找当前目前以及其子目录的全部文件时,可以使用 -r 选项。如下例
$ grep -r "ramesh" *
9. 使用grep -v进行不匹配
可以使用-v选项显示不匹配搜索字串的行。下例显示demo_text文件中不包含“go”的行
$ grep -v "go" demo_text4. Vim Word NavigationYou may want to do several navigation in relation to the words, such as:WORD - WORD consists of a sequence of non-blank characters, separated with white space.word - word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores.Example to show the difference between WORD and word* 192.168.1.1 - single WORD* 192.168.1.1 - seven words.
10. 显示不匹配全部模式的行
语法:grep -v -e "pattern" -e "pattern"
创建如下例子文件
$ cat test-file.txtabcd$ grep -v -e "a" -e "b" -e "c" test-file.txtd
11.用grep -c 统计匹配的行数
语法:grep -c "pattern" filename
$ grep -c "go" demo_text6
统计不匹配的行数
$ grep -v -c this demo_file4
12. 用grep -l 只显示文件名
$ grep -l this demo_*demo_filedemo_file1
13. 只显示匹配的字串
缺省显示匹配字串的所在行,可以使用-o选项只显示匹配的字串。这项功能当使用正则表达式时比较有用处。
is line is the 1st lower case lineis lineis is the last line
14. 显示匹配的位置
语法:grep -o -b "pattern" file
$ cat temp-file.txt1234512345$ grep -o -b "3" temp-file.txt0:36:3
注意: 以上输出显示的不是行内的位置,而是整个文件中的字节byte位置
15. 用 grep -n 在输出时显示行号
行号从1开始
$ grep -n "go" demo_text5: * e - go to the end of the current word.6: * E - go to the end of the current WORD.7: * b - go to the previous (before) word.8: * B - go to the previous (before) WORD.9: * w - go to the next word.10: * W - go to the next WORD.转自: http://randomclan.blog.163.com/blog/static/14530098201210211534892/
- grep命令常用15招
- grep命令常用的15招
- grep使用15招
- 15个常用的grep命令用法
- 常用Linux命令:grep
- 常用grep命令
- grep和find命令常用
- LINUX下常用GREP命令
- Linux常用搜索命令grep命令
- Nokia N9 常用终端命令(find,grep)
- Linux之常用Shell命令:grep,find
- find 和 grep 命令 常用实用例子
- grep命令常用参数与匹配方法
- grep命令常用参数及用法
- grep命令最常用的功能总结
- 最常用linux命令 grep g++
- linux常用find,grep查找命令搜集
- grep和find命令常用方式
- Effective C++(13) 用对象管理资源
- 测试工具Check学习
- OpenCV中矩阵类详解之一:Mat
- java 泛型总结
- 使用大白菜装原版iso格式xp系统
- grep命令常用15招
- Oracle JavaResource传数组例子
- codeigniter使用技巧批量插入数据实例方法分享
- Ubuntu 13.04 固定网络接口名称
- Android软件安全与逆向分析
- ipc$连接
- Linux运维之道
- linux3.3 v4l2视频采集驱动框架(vfe, camera i2c driver,v4l2_subdev等之间的联系)
- 自动登录OA脚本