Groovyb脚本速成教程

1       内容简介

主要介绍了groovy的常用语法，以便快速上手应用.

 

2       语法介绍

2.1    屏幕输出

println “Hello world!”

println “Hello” + “ world!”

2.2    变量定义

class HelloWorld {

  staticvoid main(args) {

   

      def myString = new String("test String")

       def myObject = new Object()

      int myInt = 8   

      myObject = 3

      

       println"myString=" + myString

       println"myObject=" + myObject

       println"myInt=" + myInt 

 }

}

2.3    类定义，函数定义

class HelloWorld {

   

    defvoidtest(){

       println"this is test func"

    }

   

    def String getString(String input){

       println"input=" + input

       return"hello," + input

    }

  staticvoid main(args) {

       def hw = new HelloWorld()

       hw.test()

       println hw.getString("Liuyou")

    }

}

 

 

2.4    list用法

class HelloWorld {

   

  staticvoid main(args) {

   

  //ArrayList可以动态增加大小

  def arrayList = new ArrayList()

  arrayList[0] = "dog"

  arrayList[1] = "cat"

  arrayList[2] = "bird"

  for(l in arrayList){

       println l + " "  

  } 

  //list，不可以动态增加大小

  def list = [ "dog", "cat", "bird" ]

    for(l in list){

       println l + " "  

    }

  //list array

  def lists = [[ "liuyou", "22", "M"],["liudehua", "33", "M"]]

    for(l in lists){

       println l[0] + "-" + l[1] + "-" + l[2]

    }

  for(l in lists){

       for(e in l){

          println e

       }

    }

 }

}  

 

2.5    map用法

 

class HelloWorld {

   

  staticvoid main(args) {

       //显示定义map

       def map = new HashMap()

       map.put("ID", 12345)

       map.put("name", "Liuyou")

       map.put("email", "[e-mail]")

       println map.get("ID") + "/" + map.get("name") + "/" + map.get("email")

       //隐示定义map

       def map2 = ["email":"[e-mail]", "name":"Liuyou", "ID":12345]

       println map.get("ID") + "/" + map.get("name") + "/" + map.get("email")

    }

}

 

 

2.6    逻辑语句

2.6.1   if…else…

class HelloWorld {

   

  staticvoid main(args) {

       def s = "1234"

       if(s == "1234")   println"yes,it is 1234"

      

       def n = 1234

       if(n == 123) println"yes, n is 123"

       elseif(n == 12) println"yes, n is 12"

       elseif(n == 1234)   println"yes, n is 1234"

       elseprintln"yes, n is null"

    }

}

 

2.6.2   switch…case…

class HelloWorld {

   

  staticvoid main(args) {

       def s = "1234"

       switch(s){

       case"1":

           println"1";

           break;

       case"2":

           println"2";

           break;

       case"1234":

           println"1234"

           break;

       default:

           println"default"

           break;

       }

    }

}

 

2.6.3   while循环

class HelloWorld {

   

  staticvoid main(args) {

       int n = 10

       while(n){        

           println"n=" + n

           n --

       }

    }

}

2.6.4   for循环

class HelloWorld {

   

  staticvoid main(args) {

       def n = [10,20,30]

       for(e in n){        

           println"e=" + e

       }

    }

}

 

 

 

 

2.7    try…catch…异常语句

class HelloWorld {

   

    defvoid testException(){

       try{

           def n = 0;

           def m = 2;

           def l = m/n

       }catch(Exception e){

           println e.toString()

       }

    }

    defvoid testThrow(){

       thrownew java.lang.ArithmeticException()

    }

 

  staticvoid main(args) {

       def hw = new HelloWorld()

      

       //除法零异常

       hw.testException()

       //主动抛出异常

       try{

           hw.testThrow()

       }catch(ArithmeticException e){

           println e.toString()

       }

    }

}