android开发之AIDL用法_进程间通信原理详解

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   欢迎阅读本文,你能关注本文,你知道你需要进程间通信、需要AIDL(以及Binder),那么可以默认你对这些概念已经有了一些了解,你(大致)知道它们是什么,它们有什么用,所以为了节约大家的眼力和时间,在此我不复制粘贴网上泛滥的博客或者翻译冗长的android文档。

      关于AIDL的介绍在文档:docs/guide/developing/tools/aidl.html

      关于IBinder的介绍在文档:docs/reference/android/os/IBinder.html

      以及Binder:docs/reference/android/os/Binder.html

      在后文中,我将以我自己的理解向你介绍相关的概念。以我目前粗浅的经验,应用程序使用AIDL的地方,几乎都和Service有关,所以你也需要知道一些关于Service的知识。日后得闲我也会继续写一些关于Service的贴。

      本文将以一个例子来和你分享使用AIDL的基础技能,这个例子里有:

1、一个类mAIDLActivity,继承Activity。里面有三个按钮,text分别为StartService,StopService,CallbackTest。

2、一个类mAIDLService,继承Service。为了充分展示ADIL的功能,它做以下工作:当用户点击CallbackTest按钮时,从mAIDLActivity调用mAIDLService中的Stub 对象的一个方法invokCallBack(),而这个方法又会调用mAIDLActivity中Stub 对象的一个方法performAction(),这个方法在屏幕上显示一个toast。没什么意义,只是展示一下AIDL如何使用。

3、两个AIDL文件:forService.aidl和forActivity.aidl。对应名字,在Service和Activity中分别有对象需要用到它们定义的接口。

4、相关XML文件,略过。关于manifest中Service的语法,见docs/guide/topics/manifest/service-element.html。你也可以简单地在<application></application>中加入

     <service android:name=".mAIDLService" android:process=":remote"> </service>

开发环境为Eclipse。

拣重要的先说,来看看aidl文件的内容:

文件:forActivity.aidl

 

package com.styleflying.AIDL;interface forActivity {void performAction();}


文件:forService.aidl

package com.styleflying.AIDL;import com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity;interface forService {void registerTestCall(forActivity cb);void invokCallBack();}


 

这两个文件和Java文件放置的地方一样,看包名。

在Eclipse中它们将被自动编译为forActivity.java和forService.java,它们存放在gen目录下。为了方便手头无法演练的读者,代码贴上,不用细看。

文件forActivity.java:

 

/* * This file is auto-generated.  DO NOT MODIFY. * Original file: D://workspace//AIDLTest//src//com//styleflying//AIDL//forActivity.aidl */package com.styleflying.AIDL;import java.lang.String;import android.os.RemoteException;import android.os.IBinder;import android.os.IInterface;import android.os.Binder;import android.os.Parcel;public interface forActivity extends android.os.IInterface{/** Local-side IPC implementation stub class. */public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity{private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = "com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity";/** Construct the stub at attach it to the interface. */public Stub(){this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR);}/** * Cast an IBinder object into an forActivity interface, * generating a proxy if needed. */public static com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj){if ((obj==null)) {return null;}android.os.IInterface iin = (android.os.IInterface)obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);if (((iin!=null)&&(iin instanceof com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity))) {return ((com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity)iin);}return new com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity.Stub.Proxy(obj);}public android.os.IBinder asBinder(){return this;}@Override public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException{switch (code){case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION:{reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR);return true;}case TRANSACTION_performAction:{data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);this.performAction();reply.writeNoException();return true;}}return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);}private static class Proxy implements com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity{private android.os.IBinder mRemote;Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote){mRemote = remote;}public android.os.IBinder asBinder(){return mRemote;}public java.lang.String getInterfaceDescriptor(){return DESCRIPTOR;}public void performAction() throws android.os.RemoteException{android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();try {_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_performAction, _data, _reply, 0);_reply.readException();}finally {_reply.recycle();_data.recycle();}}}static final int TRANSACTION_performAction = (IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0);}public void performAction() throws android.os.RemoteException;}


文件forService.java:

/* * This file is auto-generated.  DO NOT MODIFY. * Original file: D://workspace//AIDLTest//src//com//styleflying//AIDL//forService.aidl */package com.styleflying.AIDL;import java.lang.String;import android.os.RemoteException;import android.os.IBinder;import android.os.IInterface;import android.os.Binder;import android.os.Parcel;public interface forService extends android.os.IInterface{/** Local-side IPC implementation stub class. */public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements com.styleflying.AIDL.forService{private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = "com.styleflying.AIDL.forService";/** Construct the stub at attach it to the interface. */public Stub(){this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR);}/** * Cast an IBinder object into an forService interface, * generating a proxy if needed. */public static com.styleflying.AIDL.forService asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj){if ((obj==null)) {return null;}android.os.IInterface iin = (android.os.IInterface)obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);if (((iin!=null)&&(iin instanceof com.styleflying.AIDL.forService))) {return ((com.styleflying.AIDL.forService)iin);}return new com.styleflying.AIDL.forService.Stub.Proxy(obj);}public android.os.IBinder asBinder(){return this;}@Override public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException{switch (code){case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION:{reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR);return true;}case TRANSACTION_registerTestCall:{data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity _arg0;_arg0 = com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity.Stub.asInterface(data.readStrongBinder());this.registerTestCall(_arg0);reply.writeNoException();return true;}case TRANSACTION_invokCallBack:{data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);this.invokCallBack();reply.writeNoException();return true;}}return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);}private static class Proxy implements com.styleflying.AIDL.forService{private android.os.IBinder mRemote;Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote){mRemote = remote;}public android.os.IBinder asBinder(){return mRemote;}public java.lang.String getInterfaceDescriptor(){return DESCRIPTOR;}public void registerTestCall(com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity cb) throws android.os.RemoteException{android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();try {_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);_data.writeStrongBinder((((cb!=null))?(cb.asBinder()):(null)));mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_registerTestCall, _data, _reply, 0);_reply.readException();}finally {_reply.recycle();_data.recycle();}}public void invokCallBack() throws android.os.RemoteException{android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();try {_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_invokCallBack, _data, _reply, 0);_reply.readException();}finally {_reply.recycle();_data.recycle();}}}static final int TRANSACTION_registerTestCall = (IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0);static final int TRANSACTION_invokCallBack = (IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 1);}public void registerTestCall(com.styleflying.AIDL.forActivity cb) throws android.os.RemoteException;public void invokCallBack() throws android.os.RemoteException;}


 

两段代码差不多,前面基本一样,从后面看,最后跟着我们在AIDL中自定义的方法,没有实现。两个文件各定义一个了接口,这两个接口分别会在Activity和Service中使用,在那里我们将实现自定义的方法。两个接口中都定义了一个抽象类Stub,实现所在的接口。Stub中又有一个类Proxy。Stub中有一个static的asInterface()方法,里面有很多return语句,在mAIDLActivity中调用它时,它返回一个新创建的内部类Proxy对象。

这个Stub对我们来说很有用,它继承了Binder。Binder有什么用呢?一个类,继承了Binder,那么它的对象就可以被远程的进程使用了(前提是远程进程获取了这个类的对象【对象的引用】,至于如如何获得看下文),在本例中就是说,如果一个Service中有一个继承了Stub的类的对象,那么这个对象中的方法就可以在Activity中使用,对Activity也是这样。至于Binder的细节,网上有很多贴介绍,看不明白也不影响我们完成这个例子。

再看mAIDLActivity.java:

package com.styleflying.AIDL;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.ComponentName;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent;import android.content.ServiceConnection;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.IBinder;import android.os.RemoteException;import android.util.Log;import android.view.View;import android.view.View.OnClickListener;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.Toast;public class mAIDLActivity extends Activity {private static final String TAG = "AIDLActivity";private Button btnOk;    private Button btnCancel;    private Button btnCallBack;        private void Log(String str) {        Log.d(TAG, "------ " + str + "------");        }        private forActivity mCallback = new forActivity.Stub() {public void performAction() throws RemoteException{Toast.makeText(mAIDLActivity.this, "this toast is called from service", 1).show();}};forService mService;private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className,IBinder service) {mService = forService.Stub.asInterface(service);try {mService.registerTestCall(mCallback);}catch (RemoteException e) {}}public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {Log("disconnect service");mService = null;}};    @Override    public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) {    super.onCreate(icicle);        setContentView(R.layout.main);        btnOk = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_ok);        btnCancel = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_cancel);        btnCallBack = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_callback);        btnOk.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {        public void onClick(View v) {            Bundle args = new Bundle();                Intent intent = new Intent(mAIDLActivity.this, mAIDLService.class);                intent.putExtras(args);                bindService(intent, mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);                startService(intent);                }            });        btnCancel.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {        public void onClick(View v) {            unbindService(mConnection);            //stopService(intent);            }            });        btnCallBack.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v){try{mService.invokCallBack();} catch (RemoteException e){// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();}}});        }}


很短,相信大家很容易看明白。注意mConnection,它的onServiceConnected()中有一句mService = forService.Stub.asInterface(service);给mService赋值了,这个mService是一个forService,而service是onServiceConnected()传进来的参数,onServiceConnected()会在连接Service的时候被系统调用,这个service参数的值来自哪里呢?

看mAIDLService.java:

package com.styleflying.AIDL;import android.app.Service;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.IBinder;import android.os.RemoteCallbackList;import android.os.RemoteException;import android.util.Log;public class mAIDLService extends Service {    private static final String TAG = "AIDLService";      private forActivity callback;    private void Log(String str) {        Log.d(TAG, "------ " + str + "------");    }    @Override    public void onCreate() {        Log("service create");    }    @Override    public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {        Log("service start id=" + startId);    }        @Override    public IBinder onBind(Intent t) {        Log("service on bind");        return mBinder;    }    @Override    public void onDestroy() {        Log("service on destroy");        super.onDestroy();    }    @Override    public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {        Log("service on unbind");        return super.onUnbind(intent);    }    public void onRebind(Intent intent) {        Log("service on rebind");        super.onRebind(intent);    }    private final forService.Stub mBinder = new forService.Stub() {@Overridepublic void invokCallBack() throws RemoteException{callback.performAction();}@Overridepublic void registerTestCall(forActivity cb) throws RemoteException{callback = cb;}            };}

注意onBind(),它的返回类型为IBinder,返回了一个mBinder,看看mBinder的定义:

   

 private final forService.Stub mBinder = new forService.Stub() {        @Override        public void invokCallBack() throws RemoteException        {            callback.performAction();         }        @Override        public void registerTestCall(forActivity cb) throws RemoteException        {            callback = cb;        }       };


它是实现了我们在AIDL中定义的方法,这个mBinder最终返回给了mAIDLActivity中的mService,于是在mAIDLActivity中可以使用mBinder中的方法了。在mAIDLActivity中也有一个类似mBinder的对象,看看定义:   

       

 private forActivity mCallback = new forActivity.Stub()    {        public void performAction() throws RemoteException        {            Toast.makeText(mAIDLActivity.this, "this toast is called from service", 1).show();        }      };


我们要在界面上显示一个toast,就是在这里实现的。这个对象,在mConnection的onServiceConnected()被调用时,通过调用mService(也就是远程的mAIDLService中的mBinder)的registerTestCall(),传递给了mAIDLService,于是在mAIDLService中可以调用performAction()了。

很啰嗦,只为了能把这个细节说清楚。请大家认真看,我尽量避免错别字、混乱的大小写和逻辑不清的语法,相信你会看明白。是不是很简单?再啰嗦一下,做一个大致总结,我们使用AIDL是要做什么呢:

让Acticity(或者说一个进程/一个类?)和Service(或者说远端进程/远端类/对象?)获取对方的一个Stub对象,这个对象在定义时实现了我们在AIDL中定义的方法,于是这些远程对象中的方法可以在本地使用了。如果这种使用(通信)是单向的,比如只是Activity需要通知Service做什么,那么只要Service中有一个Stub对象,并且传给Acticity就够了。

至于如何获得远程的Stub,参看上面的代码,看mConnection、registerTestCall、onRebind,它们展示了一种方法。

另外,有时候我们可能在一个类中有多个Stub对象,它们都要给远程交互的类的实例,这个时候可以考虑使用RemoteCallbackList<>(docs/reference/android/os/RemoteCallbackList.html)。

欢迎阅读、收藏本文。例子随手写的,功能只在演示AIDL的使用。您可以转载本文,但请勿盲目乱贴。不是我小气,我不权威,我怕它被贴到泛滥,以讹传讹,害了人。

 

代码地址http://download.csdn.net/detail/jason0539/6825553 

 

作者:jason0539

微博:http://weibo.com/2553717707

博客:http://blog.csdn.net/jason0539(转载请说明出处)

转自http://blog.csdn.net/saintswordsman/article/details/5130947
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