iOS手势识别的详细使用(拖动,缩放,…
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1、UIGestureRecognizer介绍
手势识别在iOS上非常重要,手势操作移动设备的重要特征,极大的增加了移动设备使用便捷性。
iOS系统在3.2以后,为方便开发这使用一些常用的手势,提供了UIGestureRecognizer类。手势识别UIGestureRecognizer类是个抽象类,下面的子类是具体的手势,开发这可以直接使用这些手势识别。
- UITapGestureRecognizer
- UIPinchGestureRecognizer
- UIRotationGestureRecogni
zer - UISwipeGestureRecognizer
- UIPanGestureRecognizer
- UILongPressGestureRecogn
izer
- Tap(点一下)
- Pinch(二指往內或往外拨动,平时经常用到的缩放)
- Rotation(旋转)
- Swipe(滑动,快速移动)
- Pan (拖移,慢速移动)
-
LongPress(长按)
UIGestureRecognizer的继承关系如下:
2、使用手势的步骤
使用手势很简单,分为两步:
- 创建手势实例。当创建手势时,指定一个回调方法,当手势开始,改变、或结束时,回调方法被调用。
- 添加到需要识别的View中。每个手势只对应一个View,当屏幕触摸在View的边界内时,如果手势和预定的一样,那就会回调方法。
ps:一个手势只能对应一个View,但是一个View可以有多个手势。
建议在真机上运行这些手势,模拟器操作不太方便,可能导致你认为手势失效。
3、Pan拖动手势:
[cpp] viewplaincopy
- UIImageView
*snakeImageView "snake.png"]];= [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@ - snakeImageView.frame
= CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160); - UIPanGestureRecognizer
*panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] -
initWithTarget:self -
action:@selector(handlePan:)]; - [snakeImageView
addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer]; - [self.view
setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]]; - [self.view
addSubview:snakeImageView];
回调方法:
[cpp] viewplaincopy
- -
( void)handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer - {
-
CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view]; -
recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x, -
recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y); -
[recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view]; -
- }
4、Pinch缩放手势
[cpp] viewplaincopy
- UIPinchGestureRecognizer
*pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] -
initWithTarget:self -
action:@selector(handlePinch:)];class class="s2">addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer];
[cpp] viewplaincopy
- -
( void)handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer *) recognizer - {
-
recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.scale, recognizer.scale); -
recognizer.scale = 1; - }
5、Rotation旋转手势
[cpp] viewplaincopy
- UIRotationGestureRecogni
zer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecogni zer alloc] -
initWithTarget:self -
action:@selector(handleRotate:)]; - [snakeImageView
addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer];
[cpp] viewplaincopy
- -
( void)handleRotate:(UIRotationGestureRecogni zer*) recognizer - {
-
recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.rotation); -
recognizer.rotation = 0; - }
添加了这几个手势后,运行看效果,程序中的imageView放了一个
的图片,在模拟器上拖动是没问题的。缩放和旋转有点问题,估计是因为在模拟器上的模拟的两个接触点距离在imageView的边界外了,所以操作无效果。
建议在真机上运行这个手势。
在模拟器上缩放和选择的操作技巧:
可以把imageView的frame值设置大一点,按住alt键,按下触摸板(不按下不行),这样就可以旋转和缩放了。
6、添加第二个ImagView并添加手势
记住:一个手势只能添加到一个View,两个View当然要有两个手势的实例了
[cpp] viewplaincopy
- -
( void)viewDidLoad - {
-
[super viewDidLoad]; -
-
UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]]; -
UIImageView *dragonImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"dragon.png"]]; -
snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(120, 120, 100, 160); -
dragonImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160); -
[self.view addSubview:snakeImageView]; -
[self.view addSubview:dragonImageView]; -
-
for (UIView *view in self.view.subviews) { -
UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] -
initWithTarget:self -
action:@selector(handlePan:)]; -
-
UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] -
initWithTarget:self -
action:@selector(handlePinch:)]; -
-
UIRotationGestureRecogni zer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecogni zer alloc] -
initWithTarget:self -
action:@selector(handleRotate:)]; -
-
[view addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer]; -
[view addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer]; -
[view addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer]; -
[view setUserInteractionEnable d:YES]; -
} -
[self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]]; - }
多添加了一条龙的view,两个view都能接收上面的三种手势。运行效果如下:
7、拖动(pan手势)速度(以较快的速度拖放后view有滑行的效果)
如何实现呢?
- 监视手势是否结束
- 监视触摸的速度
[cpp] viewplaincopy
- -
( void)handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer - {
-
CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view]; -
recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x, -
recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y); -
[recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view]; -
-
if (recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerState Ended) { -
-
CGPoint velocity = [recognizer velocityInView:self.view]; -
CGFloat magnitude = sqrtf((velocity.x * velocity.x) + (velocity.y * velocity.y)); -
CGFloat slideMult = magnitude / 200; -
NSLog(@"magnitude: %f, ,slideMult: %f" magnitude, slideMult); -
-
float slideFactor //= 0.1 * slideMult; Increase for more of a slide -
CGPoint finalPoint = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + (velocity.x * slideFactor), -
recognizer.view.center.y + (velocity.y * slideFactor)); -
finalPoint.x = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.x, 0), self.view.bounds.size.width); -
finalPoint.y = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.y, 0), self.view.bounds.size.height); -
-
[UIView animateWithDuration:slideFactor*2 delay:0 options:UIViewAnimationOptionCur veEaseOut animations:^{ -
recognizer.view.center = finalPoint; -
} completion:nil]; -
-
} -
- 计算速度向量的长度(估计大部分都忘了)这些知识了。
- 如果速度向量小于200,那就会得到一个小于的小数,那么滑行会很短
- 基于速度和速度因素计算一个终点
- 确保终点不会跑出父View的边界
- 使用UIView动画使view滑动到终点
运行后,快速拖动图像view放开会看到view还会在原来的方向滑行一段路。
8、同时触发两个view的手势
手势之间是互斥的,如果你想同时触发蛇和龙的view,那么需要实现协议并在协议这个方法里返回YES。把self作为代理设置给手势:这样可以同时拖动或旋转缩放两个view了。我会在最后例子代码给出完整代码,添加手势的步骤和前面一样的。意思就是,当如果pan手势失败,就是没发生拖动,才会出发tap手势。这样如果你有轻微的拖动,那就是pan手势发生了。tap的声音就不会发出来了。.m文件
调用自定义手势和上面一样,回到这样写:手势成功后播放呵呵笑的声音。
在真机上运行,按住某个view,快速左右拖动,就会发出笑的声音了。
UIGestureRecognizerDeleg
[cpp] viewplaincopy
- @interface
ViewController : UIViewController - @end
[cpp] viewplaincopy
- -(BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer
*)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultane ouslyWithGestureRecogniz er:(UIGestureRecognizer *)otherGestureRecognizer - {
-
return YES; - }
[cpp] viewplaincopy
- panGestureRecognizer.delegate
= self; - pinchGestureRecognizer.delegate
= self; - rotateRecognizer.delegate
= self;
9、tap点击手势
这里为了方便看到tap的效果,当点击一下屏幕时,播放一个声音。
为了播放声音,我们加入AVFoundation.framework这个框架。
[cpp] viewplaincopy
- -
(AVAudioPlayer *)loadWav:(NSString *)filename { -
NSURL * url = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:filename withExtension:@"wav"]; -
NSError * error; -
AVAudioPlayer * player = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url error:&error]; -
if (!player) { -
NSLog(@"Error loading ,%@: %@" url, error.localizedDescription); -
} else { -
[player prepareToPlay]; -
} -
return player; - }
[cpp] viewplaincopy
- #import
- #import
-
- @interface
ViewController : UIViewController - @property
(strong) AVAudioPlayer * chompPlayer; - @property
(strong) AVAudioPlayer * hehePlayer; -
- @end
[cpp] viewplaincopy
- -
( void)handleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer*)recognizer { -
[self.chompPlayer play]; - }
运行,点一下某个图,就会播放一个咬东西的声音。
不过这个点击播放声音有点缺陷,就是在慢慢拖动的时候也会播放。这使得两个手势重合了。怎么解决呢?使用手势的:requireGestureRecognizer
10、手势的依赖性
在viewDidLoad的循环里添加这段代码:
[cpp] viewplaincopy
- [tapRecognizer
requireGestureRecognizer ToFail:panGestureRecognizer];
11、自定义手势
自定义手势继承:UIGestureRecognizer,实现下面的方法:
[cpp] viewplaincopy
- –
touchesBegan:withEvent: - –
touchesMoved:withEvent: - –
touchesEnded:withEvent: - -
touchesCancelled:withEvent:
新建一个类,继承UIGestureRecognizer,代码如下:
.h文件
[cpp] viewplaincopy
- #import
- typedef
enum { -
DirectionUnknown = 0, -
DirectionLeft, -
DirectionRight - }
Direction; -
- @interface
HappyGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer - @property
(assign) int tickleCount; - @property
(assign) CGPoint curTickleStart; - @property
(assign) Direction lastDirection; -
- @end
[cpp] viewplaincopy
- #import
"HappyGestureRecognizer.h" - #import
- #define
REQUIRED_TICKLES 2 - #define
MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE 25 -
- @implementation
HappyGestureRecognizer -
- -
(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { -
UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject]; -
self.curTickleStart = [touch locationInView:self.view]; - }
-
- -
(void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { -
-
// Make sure we've moved a minimum amount since curTickleStart -
UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject]; -
CGPoint ticklePoint = [touch locationInView:self.view]; -
CGFloat moveAmt = ticklePoint.x - self.curTickleStart.x; -
Direction curDirection; -
if (moveAmt < 0) { -
curDirection = DirectionLeft; -
} else { -
curDirection = DirectionRight; -
} -
if (ABS(moveAmt) return;< MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE) -
-
// 确认方向改变了 -
if (self.lastDirection == DirectionUnknown || -
(self.lastDirection == DirectionLeft && curDirection == DirectionRight) || -
(self.lastDirection == DirectionRight && curDirection == DirectionLeft)) { -
-
// 挠痒次数 -
self.tickleCount++; -
self.curTickleStart = ticklePoint; -
self.lastDirection = curDirection; -
-
// 一旦挠痒次数超过指定数,设置手势为结束状态 -
// 这样回调函数会被调用。 -
if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerState Possible && self.tickleCount > REQUIRED_TICKLES) { -
[self setState:UIGestureRecognizerState Ended]; -
} -
} -
- }
-
- -
(void)reset { -
self.tickleCount = 0; -
self.curTickleStart = CGPointZero; -
self.lastDirection = DirectionUnknown; -
if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerState Possible) { -
[self setState:UIGestureRecognizerState Failed]; -
} - }
-
- -
(void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event - {
-
[self reset]; - }
-
- -
(void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event - {
-
[self reset]; - }
-
- @end
调用自定义手势和上面一样,回到这样写:
[cpp] viewplaincopy
- -
( void)handleHappy:(HappyGestureRecognizer*)recognizer{ -
[self.hehePlayer play]; - }
在真机上运行,按住某个view,快速左右拖动,就会发出笑的声音了。
代码解析:
先获取起始坐标:curTickleStart
通过和ticklePoint的x值对比,得出当前的放下是向左还是向右。再算出移动的x的值是否比MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE距离大,如果太则返回。
再判断是否有三次是不同方向的动作,如果是则手势结束,回调。
参考:http://www.raywenderlich.com/6567/uigesturerecognizer-tutorial-in-ios-5-pinches-pans-and-more
例子代码:http://download.csdn.net/detail/totogo2010/5094059
转自:http://blog.csdn.net/totogo2010/article/details/8615940
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