美媒解读云技术五大误区

《华盛顿邮报》网站1月4日文章 题：有关云技术的五个误区(作者迈克尔·斯科克)

云计算已经跨过技术门槛，成为政治和文化领域的话题。它成为国家安全局以反恐名义收集数据的争论焦点，也引发人们对未来远程办公时代工作地点的遐想。虽然云概念已渗入我们的生活，但我们对它也产生了若干误区。

1.云计算是电脑高手的事

云计算承担了在线银行、购物、电子邮件、社交网络以及照片和音乐储存，还涵盖像Netflix和Kindle这样的电子图书馆。云计算还日益应用在美国的工作场所。一份调查报告称，2013年有75%的公司使用云技术，2012年的比例为67%。

其基本概念是，数据和应用都储存在云端，通过连接互联网来实现传输，把计算工作变为像电力和水这样的公共服务。“云端”只是一种比喻，与天空无关。对于个人来说，云端让我们可以用电脑、手机或平板随时随地找到我们的数据。对于企业来讲，云计算服务让企业不再需要雇用大量电脑专业人士。

2.云计算是一种时尚

虽然在过去几年里，“云端”变成大众文化中的时髦词语，但支持云端的概念和技术都不是什么新东西。早在1961年，数据处理任务应成为公共服务的概念就已兴起，计算机科学家麦卡锡在麻省理工学院百年校庆时提出了这一概念。然而，直到互联网技术成熟后这一概念才更加可行。美国销售力量网络公司从1999年开始通过网站提供计算机应用，而亚马逊公司2002年推出基于云端的服务。

3.云端不安全

安全性是云端应用的最大障碍。人们一谈起安全威胁通常会想到黑客入侵、窃取个人资料、恶意软件和钓鱼技术。云端数据中心会成为袭击目标，但大型云端服务提供商对安全性的投入比普通企业更高，普通企业其实更容易受到袭击。

4.云端不可靠

大型云端服务提供商中断服务的例子屡见报端。但所有类型的服务中断都是新闻吗？你的笔记本电脑死机或你的台式电脑崩溃也是新闻吗？其实你自己的电脑崩溃更可怕，因为你没有云服务商能提供的备份和修复能力来挽救损失。

5.云技术对环境有害

数据中心肯定消耗大量能量，但企业从本地设备储存数据转向在云端储存数据的做法能节约能源并减少污染，正如依靠电力公司供电比每个人都自己发电更环保。派克研究公司2010年的一份报告预计，云计算将让全球数据中心的能耗到2020年减少三分之一以上。主要云服务提供商正在努力变得更加环保。

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