oracle里的常用命令2

第九章：Managing users

 

1.create a user: database authentication

sql> create user juncky identified byoracle default tablespace users

sql> temporary tablespace temp quota 10mon data password expire

sql> [account lock|unlock] [profileprofilename|default];

 

2.change user quota on tablespace

sql> alter user juncky quota 0 on users;

 

3.drop a user

sql> drop user juncky [cascade];

 

4. monitor user

view: dba_users , dba_ts_quotas

 

第十章：managing privileges

 

1.system privileges: view =>system_privilege_map ,dba_sys_privs,session_privs

 

2.grant system privilege

sql> grant create session,create tableto managers;

sql> grant create session to scott withadmin option;

with admin option can grant or revokeprivilege from any user or role;

 

3.sysdba and sysoper privileges:

sysoper: startup,shutdown,alter databaseopen|mount,alter database backup controlfile,

alter tablespace begin/end backup,recoverdatabase

alter database archivelog,restrictedsession

sysdba: sysoper privileges with adminoption,create database,recover database until

 

4.password file members: view:=>v$pwfile_users

 

5.O7_dictionary_accessibility =truerestriction access to view or tables in other schema

 

6.revoke system privilege

sql> revoke create table from karen;

sql> revoke create session from scott;

 

7.grant object privilege

sql> grant execute on dbms_pipe topublic;

sql> grant update(first_name,salary) onemployee to karen with grant option;

 

8.display object privilege : view =>dba_tab_privs, dba_col_privs

 

9.revoke object privilege

sql> revoke execute on dbms_pipe fromscott [cascade constraints];

 

10.audit record view :=> sys.aud$

 

11. protecting the audit trail

sql> audit delete on sys.aud$ by access;

 

12.statement auditing

sql> audit user;

 

13.privilege auditing

sql> audit select any table by summit byaccess;

 

14.schema object auditing

sql> audit lock on summit.employee byaccess whenever successful;

 

15.view audit option : view=>all_def_audit_opts,dba_stmt_audit_opts,dba_priv_audit_opts,dba_obj_audit_opts

 

16.view audit result: view=>dba_audit_trail,dba_audit_exists,dba_audit_object,dba_audit_session,dba_audit_statement

 

第十一章： manager role

 

1.create roles

sql> create role sales_clerk;

sql> create role hr_clerk identified bybonus;

sql> create role hr_manager identifiedexternally;

 

2.modify role

sql> alter role sales_clerk identifiedby commission;

sql> alter role hr_clerk identifiedexternally;

sql> alter role hr_manager notidentified;

 

3.assigning roles

sql> grant sales_clerk to scott;

sql> grant hr_clerk to hr_manager;

sql> grant hr_manager to scott withadmin option;

 

4.establish default role

sql> alter user scott default rolehr_clerk,sales_clerk;

sql> alter user scott default role all;

sql> alter user scott default role allexcept hr_clerk;

sql> alter user scott default role none;

 

5.enable and disable roles

sql> set role hr_clerk;

sql> set role sales_clerk identified bycommission;

sql> set role all except sales_clerk;

sql> set role none;

 

6.remove role from user

sql> revoke sales_clerk from scott;

sql> revoke hr_manager from public;

 

7.remove role

sql> drop role hr_manager;

 

8.display role information

view:=>dba_roles,dba_role_privs,role_role_privs,dba_sys_privs,role_sys_privs,role_tab_privs,session_roles

 

第十二章: BACKUP and RECOVERY

 

1.v$sga,v$instance,v$process,v$bgprocess,v$database,v$datafile,v$sgastat

 

2. Rman need set dbwr_IO_slaves orbackup_tape_IO_slaves and large_pool_size

 

3. Monitoring Parallel Rollback

> v$fast_start_servers , v$fast_start_transactions

 

4.perform a closed database backup(noarchivelog)

> shutdown immediate

> cp files /backup/

> startup

 

5.restore to a different location

> connect system/manager as sysdba

> startup mount

> alter database rename file'/disk1/../user.dbf' to '/disk2/../user.dbf';

> alter database open;

 

6.recover syntax

--recover a mounted database

>recover database;

>recover datafile '/disk1/data/df2.dbf';

>alter database recover database;

--recover an opened database

>recover tablespace user_data;

>recover datafile 2;

>alter database recover datafile 2;

 

7.how to apply redo log files automatically

>set autorecovery on

>recover automatic datafile 4;

 

8.complete recovery:

--method 1(mounted databae)

>copy c:\backup\user.dbfc:\oradata\user.dbf

>startup mount

>recover datafile 'c:\oradata\user.dbf;

>alter database open;

--method 2(opened database,initiallyopened,not system or rollback datafile)

>copy c:\backup\user.dbfc:\oradata\user.dbf (alter tablespace offline)

>recover datafile 'c:\oradata\user.dbf'or

>recover tablespace user_data;

>alter database datafile'c:\oradata\user.dbf' online or

>alter tablespace user_data online;

--method 3(opened database,initially closednot system or rollback datafile)

>startup mount

>alter database datafile'c:\oradata\user.dbf' offline;

>alter database open

>copy c:\backup\user.dbfd:\oradata\user.dbf

>alterdatabase rename file 'c:\oradata\user.dbf' to 'd:\oradata\user.dbf'

>recover datafile 'e:\oradata\user.dbf'or recover tablespace user_data;

>alter tablespace user_data online;

--method 4(loss of data file with no backupand have all archive log)

>alter tablespace user_data offlineimmediate;

>alterdatabase create datafile 'd:\oradata\user.dbf' as 'c:\oradata\user.dbf''

>recover tablespace user_data;

>alter tablespace user_data online

5.perform an open database backup

> alter tablespace user_data beginbackup;

> copy files /backup/

> alter database datafile'/c:/../data.dbf' end backup;

> alter system switch logfile;

6.backup a control file

> alter database backup controlfile to'control1.bkp';

> alter database backup controlfile totrace;

7.recovery (noarchivelog mode)

> shutdown abort

> cp files

> startup

8.recovery of file in backup mode

>alter database datafile 2 end backup;

 

9.clearing redo log file

>alter database clear unarchived logfilegroup 1;

>alter database clear unarchived logfilegroup 1 unrecoverable datafile;

 

10.redo log recovery

>alter database add logfile group 3'c:\oradata\redo03.log' size 1000k;

>alter database drop logfile group 1;

>alterdatabase open;

or >cpc:\oradata\redo02.log' c:\oradata\redo01.log

>alter database clear logfile'c:\oradata\log01.log';