RandomAccess接口

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RandomAccess在类Collections的shuffle()方法中的使用:(jdk源码如下)

    <span style="font-size: small;">/**          * Randomly permute the specified list using the specified source of          * randomness.  All permutations occur with equal likelihood          * assuming that the source of randomness is fair.<p>          *          * This implementation traverses the list backwards, from the last element          * up to the second, repeatedly swapping a randomly selected element into          * the "current position".  Elements are randomly selected from the          * portion of the list that runs from the first element to the current          * position, inclusive.<p>          *          * This method runs in linear time.  If the specified list does not          * implement the {@link RandomAccess} interface and is large, this          * implementation dumps the specified list into an array before shuffling          * it, and dumps the shuffled array back into the list.  This avoids the          * quadratic behavior that would result from shuffling a "sequential          * access" list in place.          *          * @param  list the list to be shuffled.          * @param  rnd the source of randomness to use to shuffle the list.          * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the specified list or its          *         list-iterator does not support the <tt>set</tt> operation.          */                  public static void shuffle(List<?> list, Random rnd) {              int size = list.size();              if (size < SHUFFLE_THRESHOLD || list instanceof RandomAccess) {//注意这一句中的instanceof                  for (int i=size; i>1; i--)                      swap(list, i-1, rnd.nextInt(i));              } else {                  Object arr[] = list.toArray();                        // Shuffle array                  for (int i=size; i>1; i--)                      swap(arr, i-1, rnd.nextInt(i));                        // Dump array back into list                  ListIterator it = list.listIterator();                  for (int i=0; i<arr.length; i++) {                      it.next();                      it.set(arr[i]);                  }              }          }</span>  

 由以上的jdk源码可见,在对实现list接口的对象进行洗牌,打乱时,区分了该类是否是RandomAccess的实例,这样做有什么意义呢?请继续向下看:


介绍:

在jdk文档中对RandomAccess接口的定义如下:

public interface RandomAccess

List 实现所使用的标记接口,用来表明其支持快速(通常是固定时间)随机访问。此接口的主要目的是允许一般的算法更改其行为,从而在将其应用到随机或连续访问列表时能提供良好的性能。


将操作随机访问列表的最佳算法(如 ArrayList)应用到连续访问列表(如 LinkedList)时,可产生二次项的行为。如果将某个算法应用到连续访问列表,那么在应用可能提供较差性能的算法前,鼓励使用一般的列表算法检查给定列表是否为此接口的一个instanceof,如果需要保证可接受的性能,还可以更改其行为。

现在已经认识到,随机和连续访问之间的区别通常是模糊的。例如,如果列表很大时,某些 List 实现提供渐进的线性访问时间,但实际上是固定的访问时间。这样的List 实现通常应该实现此接口。


强调:

JDK中推荐的是对List集合尽量要实现RandomAccess接口

如果集合类是RandomAccess的实现,则尽量用for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) 来遍历而不要用Iterator迭代器来遍历,在效率上要差一些。反过来,如果List是Sequence List,则最好用迭代器来进行迭代。


JDK中说的很清楚,在对List特别是Hugesize的List的遍历算法中,要尽量来判断是属于RandomAccess(如ArrayList)还是Sequence List(如LinkedList),因为适合RandomAccess List的遍历算法,用在Sequence List上就差别很大,常用的作法就是:
    要作一个判断:
    if (list instance of RandomAccess) {
        for(int m = 0; m < list.size(); m++){}
    }else{
        Iterator iter = list.iterator();
        while(iter.hasNext()){}
    }

    <span style="font-size: small;">/*      * To change this template, choose Tools | Templates      * and open the template in the editor.      */      package testrandomaccess;            import java.util.ArrayList;      import java.util.Iterator;      import java.util.LinkedList;      import java.util.List;      import java.util.RandomAccess;            /**      *      * @author bolong      */      public class TestRandomAccess {      // 初始化列表                public static void initList(List list, int n) {              for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {                  list.add(i);              }          }      //使用循环进行对列表的迭代                public static void traverseWithLoop(List list) {              long starttime = 0;              long endtime = 0;              starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();              for (int count = 0; count <= 1000; count++) {                  for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {                      list.get(i);                  }              }              endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();              System.out.println("使用loop迭代一共花了" + (endtime - starttime) + "ms时间");                }      //使用迭代器对列表进行迭代                public static void traverseWithIterator(List list) {              long starttime = 0;              long endtime = 0;              starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();              for (int count = 0; count <= 1000; count++) {                  for (Iterator itr = list.iterator(); itr.hasNext();) {                      itr.next();                  }              }              endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();              System.out.println("使用Iterator迭代一共花了" + (endtime - starttime) + "ms时间");          }                public static void traverse(List list) {                    long starttime = 0;              long endtime = 0;              if (list instanceof RandomAccess) {                  System.out.println("该list实现了RandomAccess接口");                  starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();                  for (int count = 0; count <= 1000; count++) {                      for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {                          list.get(i);                      }                  }                  endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();                  System.out.println("迭代一共花了" + (endtime - starttime) + "ms时间");              } else {                  System.out.println("该list未实现RandomAccess接口");                  starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();                  for (int count = 0; count <= 1000; count++) {                      for (Iterator itr = list.iterator(); itr.hasNext();) {                          itr.next();                      }                  }                  endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();                  System.out.println("迭代一共花了" + (endtime - starttime) + "ms时间");              }          }                public static void main(String[] args) {              ArrayList arraylist = new ArrayList();              LinkedList linkedlist = new LinkedList();              initList(arraylist, 1000);              initList(linkedlist, 1000);              traverse(arraylist);              traverse(linkedlist);              traverseWithIterator(arraylist);              traverseWithLoop(arraylist);              traverseWithIterator(linkedlist);              traverseWithLoop(linkedlist);          }      }      </span>  

 运行程序输出的结果为:


该list实现了RandomAccess接口
迭代一共花了47ms时间
该list未实现RandomAccess接口
迭代一共花了15ms时间
使用Iterator迭代一共花了79ms时间
使用loop迭代一共花了46ms时间
使用Iterator迭代一共花了47ms时间
使用loop迭代一共花了797ms时间


结论:

根据程序输出的结果的确证明了,arraylist等实现了RandomAccessj接口的类在进行迭代时使用loop效率更高,而linkedList那些未实现该接口的类在进行迭代时使用Iterator进行迭代效率更高.


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