开源项目(库)之libcurl学习(一)

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最近抽了点时间,将之前开发中使用到的一些开源库进行了下总结,主要是为了回顾一下自己所使用的一些库基础知识,并且加深理解,在这些库中,首先一个库就是libcurl,这个库很强大,当时在做openstack swift API时使用到了,这个库一个轻量级的HTTP编程库,里面封装了一套基于HTTP的上层应用协议的数据包的基本操作,其支持FTPFTPSTFTPHTTPHTTPSGOPHERTELNETDICTFILELDAP,跨平台,支持WindowsUnixLinux等,线程安全,支持Ipv6。并且易于使用。下面就从安装开始,之前的开发是在Windows下开发的,现在的工作环境换为了Linux,但是不要紧,安装过程差不多,步骤如下:

1)下载libcurl文件,下载指令:sudo wget http://curl.haxx.se/download/curl-7.35.0.tar.gz

2)使用指令解压文件:tar -zxvf curl-7.35.0.tar.gz

3)./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libcurl
4)make

5)make install

经过上面几个步骤,libcurl库基本上就安装好了,下面我们就稍微写过小测试程序来测试测试,代码如下:

#ifndef __HTTP_CURL__H#define __HTTP_CURL__H#include <boost/smart_ptr.hpp>#include <boost/xpressive/xpressive_dynamic.hpp>#include <boost/typeof/typeof.hpp>#include <curl/curl.h>#include <string>#include <string.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <unistd.h>using namespace std;using namespace boost;using namespace boost::xpressive;#define MAX_BUFFERSIZE 1024*10class HttpCurl{    public:        HttpCurl()        {            conn = NULL;            memset(errBuffer,0,sizeof(errBuffer));        }        ~HttpCurl()        {            curl_easy_cleanup(conn);        }        bool HttpCurlInit(string& context)        {            CURLcode code;            string error;            code = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT);            if(CURLE_OK != code)            {                printf("Failed to global init default\n");                return false;            }            conn = curl_easy_init();            if(NULL == conn)            {                printf("Failed to create CURL\n");                return false;            }            code = curl_easy_setopt(conn,CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER,error.c_str());            if(CURLE_OK != code)            {                printf("Failed to set error buffer\n");                return false;            }            code = curl_easy_setopt(conn,CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION,HttpCurl::write);            if(CURLE_OK != code)            {                printf("Failed to set write\n");                return false;            }            code = curl_easy_setopt(conn,CURLOPT_WRITEDATA,&context);            if(CURLE_OK != code)            {                printf("Failed to set write data\n");                return false;            }            return true;        }        bool setUrl(string& url)        {            CURLcode code;            code = curl_easy_setopt(conn,CURLOPT_URL,url.c_str());            if(CURLE_OK != code)            {                printf("Failed to set URL\n");                return false;            }            return true;        }        bool getHttpResponse()        {            CURLcode code;            std::string error;            code = curl_easy_perform(conn);            if(CURLE_OK != code)            {                printf("Failed to get [%s]",error.c_str());                return false;            }            return true;        }        static long write(void* data,int size,int nmemb,std::string& context)        {            long sizes = size*nmemb;            std::string temp((char*)data,sizes);            context += temp;            return sizes;        }        bool save(const string& context,std::string filename)        {            CURLcode code;            int retcode = 0;            code = curl_easy_getinfo(conn,CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE,&retcode);            if((CURLE_OK == code)&& retcode ==200)            {                int length = strlen(context.c_str());                FILE* file = fopen(filename.c_str(),"w+");                fseek(file,0,SEEK_SET);                fwrite(context.c_str(),1,length,file);                fclose(file);                return  true;            }            return false;        }    private:        CURL* conn;        char errBuffer[MAX_BUFFERSIZE];};


测试程序代码如下:

int main(){    string context;    HttpCurl curl;    curl.HttpCurlInit(context);    curl.setUrl("www.renren.com");    curl.getHttpResponse();    curl.save(context,"text.txt");    return 0;}

通过简单的测试用例,可以看出libcurl使用的一些基本流程,接下来我们再看看一个使用libcurl写成的单线程爬虫程序,这个程序实现思路很简单,有机会将其改成多线程,代码如下:

class Spider{    public:        Spider(shared_ptr<HttpCurl>& cul):httpCurl(cul)        {            urlSet.clear();            finishUrlSet.clear();        }        ~Spider(){}        bool init(std::string& context)        {            return httpCurl->HttpCurlInit(context);        }        void parseUrl(const string& context)        {            const string tag = "href";            const string tag2 = "\"";            string::size_type tempBegin,tempEnd,iter;            tempBegin = tempEnd = 0;            iter= context.find(tag);            while(iter != string::npos)            {                tempBegin = context.find(tag2,iter);                if(tempBegin != string::npos)                {                    ++tempBegin;                    tempEnd = context.find(tag2,tempBegin);                }                if(tempEnd != string::npos && tempEnd > tempBegin)                {                    string url;                    url.assign(context,tempBegin,(tempEnd-tempBegin));                    urlSet.insert(url);                }                iter = context.find(tag,tempEnd);            }        }        void filterUrl()        {            string tag = "http";            urlSet_Iter iter = urlSet.begin();            for(;iter != urlSet.end();)            {                string::size_type index = (*iter).find(tag);                if(index == string::npos)                    urlSet.erase(iter);                iter++;            }        }        bool write(const string& context,const string& filename)        {            return httpCurl->save(context,filename);        }        void start(std::string url,std::string& context)        {            httpCurl->setUrl(url);            httpCurl->getHttpResponse();            parseUrl(context);            filterUrl();        }        void displayUrl()        {            urlSet_Iter iter = urlSet.begin();            for(; iter != urlSet.end();++iter)            {                cout<<*iter<<endl;            }        }        void loop(const std::string& url,std::string& context)        {            start(url,context);            for(urlSet_Iter iter = urlSet.begin();iter != urlSet.end();++iter)            {                if(finishUrlSet.find(*iter) != finishUrlSet.end())                    continue;                printf("%s\n",(*iter).c_str());                char filename[64];                memset(filename,0,sizeof(filename));                sprintf(filename,"%d.html",fileIndex++);                context.clear();                start(*iter,context);                write(context,filename);                finishUrlSet.insert(*iter);            }        }    private:        shared_ptr<HttpCurl> httpCurl;        std::set<string> urlSet;        std::set<string> finishUrlSet;        typedef std::set<string>::iterator urlSet_Iter;};

测试程序:

#include "curlTest.h"int main(){    string context;    shared_ptr<HttpCurl> curl(new HttpCurl());    Spider spider(curl);    spider.init(context);    spider.loop("www.renren.com",context);    return 0;}

测试结果:

http://a.xnimg.cn/favicon-rr.ico?ver=3
http://a.xnimg.cn/n/core/res/certificate.jpg
http://a.xnimg.cn/wap/apple_icon_.png
http://app.renren.com
http://app.renren.com/?origin=40206
http://app.renren.com/activity/specialpage?activity=girlgame&origin=40240
http://app.renren.com/activity/specialpage?activity=newgame&origin=40238
http://app.renren.com/activity/specialpage?activity=sanguo&origin=40239
http://app.renren.com/list?category=10&type=1&origin=40060&menu=1
http://app.renren.com/list?category=10&type=1&origin=40065&menu=1
http://app.renren.com/list?category=10&type=1&origin=40207&menu=1
http://app.renren.com/list?category=11&type=1
http://app.renren.com/list?category=11&type=1&origin=3142&added=0
http://app.renren.com/list?category=11&type=1&origin=40131
http://app.renren.com/list?category=11&type=1&origin=40132
http://app.renren.com/list?category=11&type=1&origin=40189
http://app.renren.com/list?category=11&type=1&origin=50298
http://app.renren.com/list?category=12&type=1&origin=3142&added=0
http://app.renren.com/list?category=12&type=1&origin=40131
http://app.renren.com/list?category=12&type=1&origin=40132
http://app.renren.com/list?category=13&type=1
http://app.renren.com/list?category=13&type=1&origin=3142&added=0
http://app.renren.com/list?category=13&type=1&origin=40131
http://app.renren.com/list?category=13&type=1&origin=40132
http://app.renren.com/list?category=13&type=1&origin=40188
http://app.renren.com/list?category=13&type=1&origin=40189
http://app.renren.com/list?category=13&type=1&origin=50298
http://app.renren.com/list?category=14&type=1
http://app.renren.com/list?category=14&type=1&origin=3113
http://app.renren.com/list?category=14&type=1&origin=3142&added=0
http://app.renren.com/list?category=14&type=1&origin=40188
http://app.renren.com/list?category=14&type=1&origin=50298
http://app.renren.com/list?category=15&type=1&origin=3142&added=0
http://app.renren.com/list?category=15&type=1&origin=40131
http://app.renren.com/list?category=17&type=1&origin=3142&added=0
http://app.renren.com/list?category=19&type=1
http://app.renren.com/list?category=19&type=1&origin=3113
http://app.renren.com/list?category=19&type=1&origin=3142&added=0
http://app.renren.com/list?category=19&type=1&origin=40132
http://app.renren.com/list?category=19&type=1&origin=40188
http://app.renren.com/list?category=19&type=1&origin=50298
http://app.renren.com/list?category=20&type=1&origin=40066&menu=2
http://app.renren.com/list?category=20&type=1&origin=40210&menu=2
^C
总结

      本篇博文主要是安装了下libcurl,并且在此基础上实现了一个简单的爬虫程序,代码结构很简单,至于libcurl的一些接口介绍什么的,大家可以去其官网上看,在这里就略过了,在写这个爬虫程序时,一开始一心想用boost里的regex做正则表达式匹配url,但是中间遇到了问题,所以临时自己写了个提取url的parseURL,另外这个爬虫程序使用的是单线程的,有机会的话,我会将其改成支持多线程,其实很多东西在于自己去实践,才能体会到其中的奥秘,好了,这篇博文到此就结束了,多谢。

如果需要,请注明转载,多谢

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