android 网络编程

来源:互联网 发布:最搞笑综艺节目知乎 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/05/05 12:16
官方教程里面分了以下的几个步骤:
1 选择一个http的API
2 检查网络的连接状况
3 在另外的一个线程里面运行网络操作(很重要)
4 连接网络,下载数据

5 把数据转换成其它的格式

另外要注意的一点就是:要在manifest.xml的文件立加入使用网络的permission
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
<uses-permissionandroid:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>

下面我们一步一步的讲解以上的步骤:

1 choose an http client

android里面自带了两个http的client,分别是HttpURLConnection和Apache的HttpClient, 值得一提的是,两者都支持http2,流的上传和下载,ipv6,和连接池,当是,官方推荐是使用HttpURLConnection,它是属于轻量级的,而且官方对它的支持度更大一些。
2 check the Network Connection

在你的应用程序尝试连接网络是,你应该先检查一个你的网络状态是怎样的。android 里面 提供了一个ConnectivityManager 和NetworkInfo来检查你的网络连接,范例如下:

1.public void myClickHandler(View view) {2.    ...3.    ConnectivityManager connMgr = (ConnectivityManager) 4.        getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);5.    NetworkInfo networkInfo = connMgr.getActiveNetworkInfo();6.    if (networkInfo != null && networkInfo.isConnected()) {7.        // fetch data8.    } else {9.        // display error10.    }12.}
Perform Netwok Operations on a Serparte Thread

网络操作可能会有让人意想不到的延迟,因此,我们经常将网络操作放在另外的一个线程中。android里面提供了一个专门来处理这些异步任务的类:AsyncTask,它提供了很多回调方法给我们:其中重点想跟大家说两个。一个是:
doInBackgroud(Params... params) 官方的解释如下
protected abstract Result doInBackground (Params... params)

Override this method to perform a computation on a background thread. The specified parameters are the parameters passed to execute(Params...) by the caller of this task. This method can callpublishProgress(Progress...) to publish updates on the UI thread.

当AsyncTask执行excute(Params...)方法的时候,这个方法就会在后台执行,没错,excute执行的方法里面的参数就是它的参数了。

另外一个就是: onPostExecute(Result result)

里面的参数result就是doInBackgroud(Params... params)返回的值,这一来一往的,是不是觉得有点趣了。


对于AsyncTask这个类的具体方法,官方那里有很详尽的解释。当你创建了一个Async的子类并执行了它的execute(Params...)时,它就会去调用doInBackgound()这个方法,并把参数传给它,当任务结束时,就将结果返回给onPostExecute()这个方法,此时,你就可以在这个方法里执行一些操作,真个过程都是同步的。实例如下。。

1.public class HttpExampleActivity extends Activity {2.    private static final String DEBUG_TAG = "HttpExample";3.    private EditText urlText;4.    private TextView textView;5.    6.    @Override7.    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {8.        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);9.        setContentView(R.layout.main); 10.        urlText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.myUrl);11.        textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.myText);12.    }13.14.    // When user clicks button, calls AsyncTask.15.    // Before attempting to fetch the URL, makes sure that there is a network connection.16.    public void myClickHandler(View view) {17.        // Gets the URL from the UI's text field.18.        String stringUrl = urlText.getText().toString();19.        ConnectivityManager connMgr = (ConnectivityManager) 20.            getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);21.        NetworkInfo networkInfo = connMgr.getActiveNetworkInfo();22.        if (networkInfo != null && networkInfo.isConnected()) {23.            new DownloadWebpageText().execute(stringUrl);24.        } else {25.            textView.setText("No network connection available.");26.        }27.    }28.29.     // Uses AsyncTask to create a task away from the main UI thread. This task takes a 30.     // URL string and uses it to create an HttpUrlConnection. Once the connection31.     // has been established, the AsyncTask downloads the contents of the webpage as32.     // an InputStream. Finally, the InputStream is converted into a string, which is33.     // displayed in the UI by the AsyncTask's onPostExecute method.34.     private class DownloadWebpageText extends AsyncTask {35.        @Override36.        protected String doInBackground(String... urls) {37.              38.            // params comes from the execute() call: params[0] is the url.39.            try {40.                return downloadUrl(urls[0]);41.            } catch (IOException e) {42.                return "Unable to retrieve web page. URL may be invalid.";43.            }44.        }45.        // onPostExecute displays the results of the AsyncTask.46.        @Override47.        protected void onPostExecute(String result) {48.            textView.setText(result);49.       }50.    }51.    ...52.}

4 Connect and Download Data

接下来就是利用HttpURLConnection来下载数据了。。

3.// a string.4.private String downloadUrl(String myurl) throws IOException {5.    InputStream is = null;6.    // Only display the first 500 characters of the retrieved7.    // web page content.8.    int len = 500;9.        10.    try {11.        URL url = new URL(myurl);12.        HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();13.        conn.setReadTimeout(10000 /* milliseconds */);14.        conn.setConnectTimeout(15000 /* milliseconds */);15.        conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); //用get方式来获取数据16.        conn.setDoInput(true);17.        // Starts the query18.        conn.connect();19.        int response = conn.getResponseCode(); 20.        Log.d(DEBUG_TAG, "The response is: " + response);21.        is = conn.getInputStream(); //得到连接之后的输入流22.23.        // Convert the InputStream into a string24.        String contentAsString = readIt(is, len);25.        return contentAsString;26.        27.    // Makes sure that the InputStream is closed after the app is28.    // finished using it.29.    } finally {30.        if (is != null) {31.            is.close();32.        } 33.    }34.}

6 Convert the InputStream to a String


从上面的操作得到的是一个可读的字节流,当时,有时,你往往要这些输入流转化成其他的数据类型,例如字符,图像,视频等等。下面提供了一些转换城其他数据的方法。
转化成位图:

1.InputStream is = null;2....3.Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);4.ImageView imageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image_view);5.imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);

转化成String.

1.In the example shown above, the InputStream represents the text of a web page. This is how the example converts the InputStream to a string so that the activity can display it in the UI:2.3.// Reads an InputStream and converts it to a String.4.public String readIt(InputStream stream, int len) throws IOException, UnsupportedEncodingException {5.    Reader reader = null;6.    reader = new InputStreamReader(stream, "UTF-8"); 7.    char[] buffer = new char[len];8.    reader.read(buffer);9.    return new String(buffer);10.}

转自http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-26884465-id-3227200.html

0 0
原创粉丝点击