Android学习笔记_10_ContentProvider内容提供者的使用

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一、使用ContentProvider共享数据

  当应用继承ContentProvider类,并重写该类用于提供数据和存储数据的方法,就可以向其他应用共享其数据。以前我们学习过文件的操作模式,通过指定文件的操作模式为Context.MODE_WORLD_READABLE 或Context.MODE_WORLD_WRITEABLE同样可以对外共享数据,但数据的访问方式会因数据存储的方式而不同,如:采用xml文件对外共享数据,需要进行xml解析来读写数据;采用sharedpreferences共享数据,需要使用sharedpreferences API读写数据。而使用ContentProvider共享数据的好处是统一了数据访问方式。

  当应用需要通过ContentProvider对外共享数据时,第一步需要继承ContentProvider并重写下面方法:

package com.example.service;import android.content.ContentProvider;import android.content.ContentUris;import android.content.ContentValues;import android.content.UriMatcher;import android.database.Cursor;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;import android.net.Uri;public class PersonProvider extends ContentProvider {    private DBOpenHelper helper;    // 不匹配返回-1    private static final UriMatcher MATCHER = new UriMatcher(            UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);    private static final int PERSONS = 1;// 表示多个    private static final int PERSON = 2; // 表示一条记录    static {        MATCHER.addURI("com.example.providers.personprovider", "person",                PERSONS);        MATCHER.addURI("com.example.providers.personprovider", "person/#",                PERSON);    }    // 删除    @Override    public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {        SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();        int num = 0;        switch (MATCHER.match(uri)) {        case 1:            num = db.delete("person", selection, selectionArgs);            break;        case 2:            long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);            String where = "id=" + id;            if (selection != null && !"".equals(selection.trim())) {                where += " and " + selection;            }            num = db.delete("person", where, selectionArgs);            break;        default:            throw new IllegalArgumentException("uri参数不正确");        }        return num;    }    @Override    public String getType(Uri uri) {        switch (MATCHER.match(uri)) {        case 1:            return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/person";        case 2:            return "vnd.android.cursor.item/person";        default:            throw new IllegalArgumentException("uri参数不正确");        }    }    @Override    public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {        SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();        switch (MATCHER.match(uri)) {        case 1:            long rowid = db.insert("person", "name", values);            // content://com.example.providers.personprovider/person/1            // Uri insertUri =            // Uri.parse("content://com.example.providers.personprovider/person/"+rowid);            // 在原来的uri后面加上一个rowid            Uri insertUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, rowid);            return insertUri;        default:            throw new IllegalArgumentException("uri参数不正确");        }    }    @Override    public boolean onCreate() {        helper = new DBOpenHelper(this.getContext());        return false;    }    @Override    public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,            String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {        SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getReadableDatabase();        switch (MATCHER.match(uri)) {        case 1:            return db.query("person", projection, selection, selectionArgs,                    null, null, sortOrder);        case 2:            long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);            String where = "id=" + id;            if (selection != null && !"".equals(selection.trim())) {                where += " and " + selection;            }            return db.query("person", projection, where, selectionArgs, null,                    null, sortOrder);        default:            throw new IllegalArgumentException("uri参数不正确");        }    }    @Override    public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,            String[] selectionArgs) {        SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();        int num = 0;        switch (MATCHER.match(uri)) {        case 1:            num = db.update("person", values, selection, selectionArgs);            break;        case 2:            long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);            String where = "id=" + id;            if (selection != null && !"".equals(selection.trim())) {                where += " and " + selection;            }            num = db.update("person", values, where, selectionArgs);            break;        default:            throw new IllegalArgumentException("uri参数不正确");        }        return num;    }}

 

  第二步需要在AndroidManifest.xml使用<provider>对该ContentProvider进行配置,为了能让其他应用找到该ContentProvider , ContentProvider 采用了authorities(主机名/域名)对它进行唯一标识,你可以把 ContentProvider看作是一个网站(想想,网站也是提供数据者),authorities 就是他的域名:

<manifest>    <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">        <!--            配置内容提供者:             name:PersonProvider表示内容提供者类名,包名+类。             authorities: 内容提供者的唯一标识         -->        <provider android:name="com.example.service.PersonProvider"             android:authorities="com.example.providers.personprovider" >                  </provider>   
   </application></manifest>

二、在另一个应用进行测试上面的代码:

  需要用到ContentResolver和ContentValues两个类,前者封装了内容提供者的增删改查,后者实体类数据。

package com.example.test;import android.content.ContentResolver;import android.content.ContentValues;import android.database.Cursor;import android.net.Uri;import android.test.AndroidTestCase;import android.util.Log;public class ContentProviderTest extends AndroidTestCase{        public void testInsert(){        Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.example.providers.personprovider/person");        ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();        values.put("name", "content");        values.put("age", "500");        resolver.insert(uri, values);    }    public void testUpdate(){        Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.example.providers.personprovider/person/150");        ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();        values.put("name", "provider");        values.put("age", "50");        resolver.update(uri, values, null, null);    }    public void testDelete(){        Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.example.providers.personprovider/person/150");        ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();        resolver.delete(uri,  null, null);    }    public void testQuery(){        Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.example.providers.personprovider/person");        ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();        Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri, null, null, null, null);        while (cursor.moveToNext()) {            String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));            int age = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("age"));            Log.i("ContentProviderTest", " "+name+"  : "+age);        }    }}

三、Uri介绍

  Uri代表了要操作的数据,Uri主要包含了两部分信息:1》需要操作的ContentProvider ,2》对ContentProvider中的什么数据进行操作,一个Uri由以下几部分组成:

content://com.example.providers.personprovider/person/10,其中“com.example.providers.personprovider”指主机名或authority,“person/10”表示路径。

ContentProvider(内容提供者)的scheme已经由Android所规定, scheme为:content://主机名(或叫Authority)用于唯一标识这个ContentProvider,外部调用者可以根据这个标识来找到它。路径(path)可以用来表示我们要操作的数据,路径的构建应根据业务而定,如下:要操作person表中id为10的记录,可以构建这样的路径:/person/10要操作person表中id为10的记录的name字段, person/10/name要操作person表中的所有记录,可以构建这样的路径:/person要操作xxx表中的记录,可以构建这样的路径:/xxx当然要操作的数据不一定来自数据库,也可以是文件、xml或网络等其他存储方式,如下:要操作xml文件中person节点下的name节点,可以构建这样的路径:/person/name如果要把一个字符串转换成Uri,可以使用Uri类中的parse()方法,如下:Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://cn.itcast.provider.personprovider/person")

 四、监听内容提供者的数据变化:

  1、对提供内容提供者的应用加入改变通知:

 

package cn.itcast.db;import cn.itcast.service.DBOpenHelper;import android.content.ContentProvider;import android.content.ContentUris;import android.content.ContentValues;import android.content.UriMatcher;import android.database.Cursor;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;import android.net.Uri;public class PersonContentProvider extends ContentProvider {    private static UriMatcher matcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);    private static final int PERSONS = 1;    private static final int PERSON = 2;    private DBOpenHelper dbOpenHelper;    static{        matcher.addURI("cn.itcast.providers.personprovider", "person", PERSONS);        matcher.addURI("cn.itcast.providers.personprovider", "person/#", PERSON);    }    @Override    public boolean onCreate() {        dbOpenHelper = new DBOpenHelper(this.getContext());        return true;    }        @Override    public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {        SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();        int num = 0 ;//已经删除的记录数量        switch (matcher.match(uri)) {        case PERSONS:            num = db.delete("person", selection, selectionArgs);            break;                    case PERSON:            long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);            String where = "personid="+ id;            if(selection!=null && !"".equals(selection)){ // personid=12 and name=?                where = where + " and "+ selection;            }            num = db.delete("person", where, selectionArgs);            break;        default:            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unkown Uri:"+ uri);        }        getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);        return num;    }    @Override    public String getType(Uri uri) {//返回当前操作的数据类型        switch (matcher.match(uri)) {        case PERSONS://操作的是集合类型数据            return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/person";        case PERSON:            return "vnd.android.cursor.item/person";        default:            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unkown Uri:"+ uri);        }    }    @Override    public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {        SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();        long id = 0 ;        switch (matcher.match(uri)) {        case PERSONS:            id = db.insert("person", "personid", values);//得到记录的id            getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);            return ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, id);//返回代表新增记录的Uri        case PERSON:            id = db.insert("person", "personid", values);//得到记录的id            String strUri = uri.toString();            Uri personUri = Uri.parse(strUri.substring(0, strUri.lastIndexOf("/")));            getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(personUri, null);            return ContentUris.withAppendedId(personUri, id);        default:            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unkown Uri:"+ uri);        }    }    @Override    public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {        SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();        switch (matcher.match(uri)) {        case PERSONS:            return db.query("person", projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder);                    case PERSON:            long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);            String where = "personid="+ id;            if(selection!=null && !"".equals(selection)){ // personid=12 and name=?                where = where + " and "+ selection;            }            return db.query("person", projection, where, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder);                    default:            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unkown Uri:"+ uri);        }    }    @Override    public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {        SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();        int num = 0 ;//已经修改的记录数量        switch (matcher.match(uri)) {        case PERSONS:            num = db.update("person", values, selection, selectionArgs);            break;                    case PERSON:            long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);            String where = "personid="+ id;            if(selection!=null && !"".equals(selection)){                 where = where + " and "+ selection;            }            num = db.update("person", values, where, selectionArgs);            break;        default:            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unkown Uri:"+ uri);        }        getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);//通知数据发生变化        return num;    }}
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  2、注册要通知改变的uri,启动B应用:

  3、执行添加方法:

 

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