类和结构的区别

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类:

类是引用类型,在堆上分配,类的实例进行赋值只是复制了引用,都指向同一段实际对象分配的内存

类有构造和析构函数

类可以继承和被继承

结构:

结构是值类型在栈上分配(虽然栈的访问速度比较堆要快,但栈的资源有限放),结构的赋值将分配产生一个新的对象。

结构没有构造函数,但可以添加。结构没有析构函数

结构不可以继承自另一个结构或被继承,但和类一样可以继承自接口

 

示例:

根据以上比较,我们可以得出一些轻量级的对象最好使用结构,但数据量大或有复杂处理逻辑对象最好使用类。

如:Geoemtry(GIS 里的一个概论,在 OGC 标准里有定义) 最好使用类,而 Geometry 中点的成员最好使用结构

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
 
namespace Example16
{
    interface IPoint
    {
        double X
        {
            get;
            set;
        }
        double Y
        {
            get;
            set;
        }
        double Z
        {
            get;
            set;
        }
    }
    //结构也可以从接口继承
    struct Point: IPoint
    {
        private double x, y, z;
        //结构也可以增加构造函数
        public Point(double X, double Y, double Z)
        {
            this.x = X;
            this.y = Y;
            this.z = Z;
        }
        public double X
        {
            get { return x; }
            set { x = value; }
        }
        public double Y
        {
            get { return x; }
            set { x = value; }
        }
        public double Z
        {
            get { return x; }
            set { x = value; }
        }
    }
    //在此简化了点状Geometry的设计,实际产品中还包含Project(坐标变换)等复杂操作
    class PointGeometry
    {
        private Point value;
        
        public PointGeometry(double X, double Y, double Z)
        {
            value = new Point(X, Y, Z);
        }
        public PointGeometry(Point value)
        {
            //结构的赋值将分配新的内存
            this.value = value;
        }
        public double X
        {
            get { return value.X; }
            set { this.value.X = value; }
        }
        public double Y
        {
            get { return value.Y; }
            set { this.value.Y = value; }
        }
        public double Z
       {
            get { return value.Z; }
            set { this.value.Z = value; }
        }
        public static PointGeometry operator +(PointGeometry Left, PointGeometry Rigth)
        {
            return new PointGeometry(Left.X + Rigth.X, Left.Y + Rigth.Y, Left.Z + Rigth.Z);
        }
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return string.Format("X: {0}, Y: {1}, Z: {2}", value.X, value.Y, value.Z);
        }
    }
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Point tmpPoint = new Point(1, 2, 3);
 
            PointGeometry tmpPG1 = new PointGeometry(tmpPoint);
            PointGeometry tmpPG2 = new PointGeometry(tmpPoint);
            tmpPG2.X = 4;
            tmpPG2.Y = 5;
            tmpPG2.Z = 6;
 
            //由于结构是值类型,tmpPG1 和 tmpPG2 的坐标并不一样
            Console.WriteLine(tmpPG1);
            Console.WriteLine(tmpPG2);
 
            //由于类是引用类型,对tmpPG1坐标修改后影响到了tmpPG3
            PointGeometry tmpPG3 = tmpPG1;
            tmpPG1.X = 7;
            tmpPG1.Y = 8;
            tmpPG1.Z = 9;
            Console.WriteLine(tmpPG1);
            Console.WriteLine(tmpPG3);
 
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre{font-size: small;color: black;font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;background-color: #ffffff;/*white-space: pre;*/}.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }.csharpcode .alt{background-color: #f4f4f4;width: 100%;margin: 0em;}.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre{font-size: small;color: black;font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;background-color: #ffffff;/*white-space: pre;*/}.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }.csharpcode .alt{background-color: #f4f4f4;width: 100%;margin: 0em;}.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

结果:
X: 1, Y: 2, Z: 3
X: 4, Y: 5, Z: 6
X: 7, Y: 8, Z: 9
X: 7, Y: 8, Z: 9

 
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