使用ghettoVCB给VMware ESXi 下的虚拟机做热备份

ghettoVCB.sh 介绍

ghettoVCB.sh 此脚本主要是针对VMWare ESXi 备份、还原使用。目前能使用的版本有ESX(i)3.5/4.x/5.x，使用的方法类似VMware的VCB的工具执行备份。ghettoVCB.sh的工作流程大致为，执行虚拟机的快照，然后进行备份，当备份完成后会删除快照。而此脚本最大的特色为可在虚拟机在线时备份，而不用停机备份。

本文准载自：http://blog.faq-book.com/?p=6158

ghettoVCB.sh 设定

一、准备工作

开启VMWare ESXi SSH

1. 开启SSH

[Configuration] → [Security Profile] → [Properties]

 

2. [SSH] → [Options] → [Start]

 

 

放置ghettoVCB文件

在放置ghettoVCB文件可分为两种方式，选一种来用就行了。

 

方式一 :

上传文件

1.下载ghettoVCB  

2. 上传lamw-ghettoVCB-518cef7.tar.gz

把刚刚下载好的lamw-ghettoVCB-518cef7.tar.gz上传到ESXi Server。

使用VMware vSphere Client上传

[Configuration] → [Storage] → [datastore1] → [Browse Datastore]

 

3.选择档案要存放的路径，然后点，选Upload File

 

4. 上传完成后，会看到刚上传好的lamw-ghettoVCB-518cef7.tar.gz，如果没出线的话可按一下

 

 

方式二 :

下载档案

1. 使用SSH 登入ESXi Server

 

 

2. 下载档案

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~ # cd /vmfs/volumes/datastore1

~ # wget http://download.faq-book.com/download/System/VMware/ghettoVCB

/ lamw - ghettoVCB - 518cef7.tar.gz

Connecting to download . faq - book . com ( 61.66.28.156 : 80 )

lamw - ghettoVCB - 518ce 100 % | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | 15425    0 : 00 : 00 ETA

 

3. 查看档案

查看档案会看到已下载完成的lamw-ghettoVCB-518cef7.tar.gz

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~# ls

ISO                    VM1                              VM2

VM3                    lamw-ghettoVCB-518cef7.tar.gz

 

 

二、ghettoVCB.sh安装与设定

在开始安装之前有一点要注意一下

由于ESXi重开机之后会把某些资料删除，因此会建议把此文件留在datastore1此硬盘空间内，才不会因重开机后文件就被删除了。

 

[ Note]

因5.1版为最新版本，而  ghettoVCB  尚未更新至最新板。如果是使用VMware ESXi 5.1版的，在 ghettoVCB.sh 以下有个地方要修改。要不然在使用上会出现版本序号有问题。

 

[Note]

若是下载  ghettoVCB-master版本的无需修改以下配置

 

大约在第231行会看到以下程式码，请加入|| [[ "${ESX_VERSION}" == "5.1.0" ]]。多加上5.1版本的判断。

这边有修改好的ghettoVCB.sh

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~ # vi ghettoVCB.sh

# 修改前

230         ESX_VERSION = $ ( vmware - v | awk '{print $3}' )

231   if [ [ "${ESX_VERSION}" == "5.0.0" ] ] ; then

232       VER = 5

 

# 修改后

230         ESX_VERSION = $ ( vmware - v | awk '{print $3}' )

231   if [ [ "${ESX_VERSION}" == "5.0.0" ] ] || [ [ "${ESX_VERSION}" == "5.1.0" ] ] ; then

232       VER = 5

 

修改前

 

修改后

 

 

1. 安装

基本上datastore1的路径为/vmfs/volumes/datastore1

解tar后会看到ghettoVCB.sh，此脚本正是所需要的

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~# cd /vmfs/volumes/datastore1

~# tar -zxvf lamw-ghettoVCB-518cef7.tar.gz

~# cd lamw-ghettoVCB-518cef7

~# ls

README                                                    ghettoVCB-restore.sh

ghettoVCB-vm_backup_configuration_template                ghettoVCB.conf

ghettoVCB-restore_vm_restore_configuration_template        ghettoVCB.sh

 

2. 相关设定档参数说明

2.1 ghettoVCB.sh 设定档

说明ghettoVCB.sh 设定档内常用的设定

这边有修改好的ghettoVCB.sh设定档，提供下载参考

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~ # vi ghettoVCB.sh

# Author: William Lam

# Created Date: 11/17/2008

# http://www.virtuallyghetto.com/

# http://communities.vmware.com/docs/DOC-8760

################################################## ################

 

# directory that all VM backups should go (eg /vmfs/volumes/SAN_LUN1/mybackupdir)

# 设定备份后的储存位置，可自行修改储存位置。

VM_BACKUP_VOLUME = / vmfs / volumes / dlgCore - NFS - bigboi . VM - Backups / WILLIAM_BACKUPS

 

# Format output of VMDK backup

# zeroedthick

# 2gbsparse

# thin

# eagerzeroedthick

# 定义备份的硬碟格式，想了解硬碟格式说明请参考「VMware vSphere(ESXi) 虚拟硬碟格式介绍」

DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT = thin

 

# Number of backups for a given VM before deleting

# 定义备份保留的数量

VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT = 3

 

# Shutdown guestOS prior to running backups and power them back on afterwards

# This feature assumes VMware Tools are installed, else they will not power down and loop forever

# 1=on, 0 =off

# 虚拟机POWER OFF时不会要求snapshotting (enable=1,disable=0)

POWER_VM_DOWN_BEFORE_BACKUP = 0

 

# enable shutdown code 1=on, 0 = off

# 定义没有安装VMware Tools的虚拟机是否可以在硬碟POWER OFF时启用"POWER_VM_DOWN_BEFORE_BACKUP"

ENABLE_HARD_POWER_OFF = 0

 

# if the above flag "ENABLE_HARD_POWER_OFF "is set to 1, then will look at this flag which is the # of iterations

# the script will wait before executing a hard power off, this will be a multiple of 60seconds

# (eg) = 3, which means this will wait up to 180seconds (3min) before it just powers off the VM

# 如果启用"ENABLE_HARD_POWER_OFF"此定义执行强制关闭时会倒数运算，单位3为3分钟180秒

ITER_TO_WAIT_SHUTDOWN = 3

 

# Number of iterations the script will wait before giving up on powering down the VM and ignoring it for backup

# this will be a multiple of 60 (eg) = 5, which means this will wait up to 300secs (5min) before it gives up

# 设定POWER DOWN的时间。等待关闭时VM会放弃或忽略特定的VM备份。单位5为5分钟300秒

POWER_DOWN_TIMEOUT = 5

 

# enable compression with gzip+tar 1=on, 0=off

# 备份是否启用压缩(enable=1,disable=0)

ENABLE_COMPRESSION = 0

 

############################

####### NEW PARAMS #########

############################

 

# Include VMs memory when taking snapshot

# 是否启用VM 虚拟机的快照记忆体(enable=1,disable=0)

VM_SNAPSHOT_MEMORY = 0

 

# Quiesce VM when taking snapshot (requires VMware Tools to be installed)

# 是否启用对停止的VM 虚拟机使用快照(需有安装VMware Tools)

VM_SNAPSHOT_QUIESCE = 0

 

################################################## ########

# NON-PERSISTENT NFS-BACKUP ONLY

#

# ENABLE NON PERSISTENT NFS BACKUP 1=on, 0=off

# 接下来为NFS的相关设定

# 以下是给不想让NFS与系统长期连接的设定。允许只在备份的过程中连接到NFS，

并使用到以下6个变数。

 

#定义非持久性的NFS备份

ENABLE_NON_PERSISTENT_NFS = 0

 

# umount NFS datastore after backup is complete 1=yes, 0=no

# 是否要卸载NFS(yes=1,no=0)

UNMOUNT_NFS = 0

 

# IP Address of NFS Server

# NFS Server 的地址(ip或主机名)

NFS_SERVER = 172.51.0.192

 

# Path of exported folder residing on NFS Server (eg /some/mount/point )

# NFS 存放档案的路径

NFS_MOUNT = / upload

 

# Non-persistent NFS datastore display name of choice

# NFS 资料存放地方的名称

NFS_LOCAL_NAME = backup

 

# Name of backup directory for VMs residing on the NFS volume

# 虚拟机上NFS备份的目录

NFS_VM_BACKUP_DIR = mybackups

 

############################

######### EMAIL ############

############################

# 以下是MAIL 发送LOG的设定

 

# Email debug 1=yes, 0=no

# 是否发送debug的LOG，这是做为测试使用

EMAIL_DEBUG = 0

 

# Email log 1=yes, 0=no

# 是否要透过电子邮件来发送备份LOG (yes=1,no=0)

EMAIL_LOG = 0

 

# Email Delay Interval from NC (netcat) - default 1

# 设定每封mail之间发送的延迟时间。

EMAIL_DELAY_INTERVAL = 1

 

# Email SMTP server

# Email 的SMTP server的ip或网址

EMAIL_SERVER = auroa . primp - industries . com

 

# Email SMTP server port

# 设定mail 所使用的port

EMAIL_SERVER_PORT = 25

 

# Email FROM

# 寄件人的mail

EMAIL_FROM = root @ ghettoVCB

 

# Email RCPT

# 收件人的mail

EMAIL_TO = auroa @ primp - industries . com

 

########################## DO NOT MODIFY PAST THIS LINE ################## ########

 

# RSYNC LINK 1=yes, 0 = no

RSYNC_LINK = 0

 

LOG_LEVEL = "info"

VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP = "all"

# default 15min timeout

# 设定等待VM快照的时间，在等待关闭时会放弃和忽略特定备份的VM

SNAPSHOT_TIMEOUT = 15

 

LAST_MODIFIED_DATE = 2011_11_19

VERSION = 1

VERSION_STRING = $ { LAST_MODIFIED_DATE } _ $ { VERSION }

 

# Directory naming convention for backup rotations (please ensure there are no spaces!)

VM_BACKUP_DIR_NAMING_CONVENTION = "$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S)"

 

2.2 ghettoVCB.sh 参数使用说明

以下是ghettoVCB.sh相关参数的使用说明

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~# ./ghettoVCB.sh

Loggingoutputto"/tmp/ghettoVCB-2012-10-16_15-46-10.log"...

2012-10-1615:46:10--info:ERROR:Incorrectnumberofarguments!

################################################## #############################

#

# ghettoVCB for ESX/ESXi 3.5, 4.x+ and 5.0

# Author: William Lam

# http://www.virtuallyghetto.com/

# Documentation: http://communities.vmware.com/docs/DOC-8760

# Created: 11/17/2008

# Last modified: 2011_11_19 Version 1

#

################################################## #############################

 

Usage:./ghettoVCB.sh-f[VM_BACKUP_UP_LIST]-c[VM_CONFIG_DIR]-l[LOG_FILE]-d[DEBUG_LEVEL]-g[GLOBAL_CONF]-e[VM_EXCLUSION_LIST]

 

OPTIONS:

  -a    BackupallVMsonhost

          (备份主机上所有的虚拟机)

  -f    ListofVMstobackup  

          (针对List名单内的虚拟机备份)

  -c    VMconfigurationdirectoryforVMbackups

          (VM配置目录forVM备份)

  -g    PathtoglobalghettoVCBconfigurationfile

  -l    Filetooutputlogging

          (将LOG记录写到指定档案内)

  -d    Debuglevel[info|debug|dryrun](default:info)

          (Debug测试，不会产生备份)

 

(e.g.)

 

BackupVMsstoredinalist

只备份list内的虚拟机

    ./ghettoVCB.sh-fvms_to_backup

 

BackupallVMsresidingonthishost

全部备份

    ./ghettoVCB.sh-a

 

BackupallVMsresidingonthishostexceptfortheVMsintheexclusionlist

除了 ​​排除清单(vm_exclusion_list)上的虚拟机外，剩下的都备份

    ./ghettoVCB.sh-a-evm_exclusion_list

 

BackupVMsbasedonspecificconfigurationlocatedindirectory

根据vm_backup_configs中特定配置来备份vms_to_backup内指定的虚拟机

    ./ghettoVCB.sh-fvms_to_backup-cvm_backup_configs

 

BackupVMsusingglobalghettoVCBconfigurationfile

备份虚拟机时使用ghettoVCB.conf此设定档来备份vms_to_backup内指定的虚拟机

    ./ghettoVCB.sh-fvms_to_backup-g/global/ghettoVCB.conf

 

Outputwilllogto/tmp/ghettoVCB.log(considerloggingtolocalorremotedatastoretopersistlogs)

输出的记录到/tmp/ghettoVCB.log(可自行设定LOG所储存的路径和档案)

    ./ghettoVCB.sh-fvms_to_backup-l/vmfs/volume/local-storage/ghettoVCB.log

 

Dryrun(nobackupwilltakeplace)

Debug测试，不会产生备份

    ./ghettoVCB.sh-fvms_to_backup-ddryrun

 

3. 操作范例

在了解相关参数和设定之后，就用一个比较简单的范例来实作一次。

以下的操作请都在「lamw-ghettoVCB-518cef7」资料夹内操作

 

3.1建立备份List表

在开始操作之前，先来建立vms_to_backup

List的名称可自己设定

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~ # vi vms_to_backup

#加入要指定的虚拟机名称

Linux

 

3.2 Debug 测试备份

用来排除故障是相当好用的

此模式执行后会提供更详细的讯息，内容包括备份档案和LOG存放的路径，以及备份使用到的空间相关讯息。

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~# ./ghettoVCB.sh -f vms_to_backup -d debug

Loggingoutputto"/tmp/ghettoVCB-2012-10-16_13-20-15.log"...

Insufficientarguments.

2012-10-1613:20:15--info:==========ghettoVCBLOGSTART===========

2012-10-1613:20:15--debug:Succesfullyacquiredlockdirectory–/tmp/ghettoVCB.lock

2012-10-1613:20:15--debug:HOSTVERSION:VMwareESXi5.0.0build-469512

2012-10-1613:20:15--debug:HOSTLEVEL:VMwareESXi5.0.0GA

2012-10-1613:20:16--debug:HOSTNAME:localhost

 

2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-VERSION=2012_10_16_1

2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-GHETTOVCB_PID=450122

2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-VM_BACKUP_VOLUME=/vmfs/volumes/datastore1/backup/backup

2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT=3

2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-VM_BACKUP_DIR_NAMING_CONVENTION

=2011-12-27_13-37-15

2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT=thin

2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-POWER_VM_DOWN_BEFORE_BACKUP=0

2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-ENABLE_HARD_POWER_OFF=0

2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-ITER_TO_WAIT_SHUTDOWN=3

2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-POWER_DOWN_TIMEOUT=5

2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-SNAPSHOT_TIMEOUT=15

2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-LOG_LEVEL=debug

2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-BACKUP_LOG_OUTPUT=/tmp/ghettoVCB-2011-12-27_13-37-15.log

2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-VM_SNAPSHOT_MEMORY=0

2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-VM_SNAPSHOT_QUIESCE=0

2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP=all

2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-EMAIL_LOG=0

2012-10-1613:20:16--info:

2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:StorageInformationbeforebackup:

2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:SRC_DATASTORE:datastore1

2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:SRC_DATASTORE_CAPACITY:267.2GB

2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:SRC_DATASTORE_FREE:146.2GB

2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:SRC_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE:1

2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:SRC_DATASTORE_MAX_FILE_SIZE:256GB

2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:

2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:DST_DATASTORE:datastore1

2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:DST_DATASTORE_CAPACITY:267.2GB

2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:DST_DATASTORE_FREE:146.2GB

2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:DST_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE:1

2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:DST_DATASTORE_MAX_FILE_SIZE:256GB

2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:

2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:getVMDKs()-linux.vmdk###100:

2012-10-1613:20:19--info:Initiatebackupforlinux

2012-10-1613:20:19--info:CreatingSnapshot"ghettoVCB-snapshot-2012-10-16"forlinux

2012-10-1613:20:21--debug:Waitingforsnapshot"ghettoVCB-snapshot-2012-10-16"tobecreated

2012-10-1613:20:21--debug:Snapshottimeoutsetto:900seconds

2012-10-1613:20:22--debug:findVMDK()-SearchingforVMDK:"linux.vmdk"tobackup

2012-10-1613:20:22--debug:/sbin/vmkfstools-i"/vmfs/volumes/datastore1/linux/linux.vmdk"-a"lsilogic"-d"thin""/vmfs/volumes/ datastore1/backup/backup/linux/linux-2012-10-16_13-20-15/linux.vmdk"

Destinationdiskformat:VMFSthin-provisioned

Cloningdisk'/vmfs/volumes/datastore1/linux/linux.vmdk'...

Clone:94%done.

2011-12-2713:38:19--info:Removingsnapshotfromlinux...

2011-12-2713:38:19--info:BackupDuration:60Seconds

2011-12-2713:38:19--info:Successfullycompletedbackupforlinux!

 

2011-12-2713:38:21--debug:StorageInformationafterbackup:

2011-12-2713:38:21--debug:SRC_DATASTORE:datastore1

2011-12-2713:38:21--debug:SRC_DATASTORE_CAPACITY:267.2GB

2011-12-2713:38:21--debug:SRC_DATASTORE_FREE:146.2GB

2011-12-2713:38:21--debug:SRC_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE:1

2011-12-2713:38:21--debug:SRC_DATASTORE_MAX_FILE_SIZE:256GB

2011-12-2713:38:21--debug:

2011-12-2713:38:21--debug:DST_DATASTORE:datastore1

2011-12-2713:38:21--debug:DST_DATASTORE_CAPACITY:267.2GB

2011-12-2713:38:21--debug:DST_DATASTORE_FREE:146.2GB

2011-12-2713:38:21--debug:DST_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE:1

2011-12-2713:38:21--debug:DST_DATASTORE_MAX_FILE_SIZE:256GB

2011-12-2713:38:21--debug:

2011-12-2713:38:21--info:###### Final status: All VMs backed up OK! ######

 

2011-12-2713:38:21--debug:Succesfullyremovedlockdirectory-/tmp/ghettoVCB.lock

 

2011-12-2713:38:21--info:===========ghettoVCBLOGEND=============

 

3.3 Dryrun 测试

主要是先测试备份看是否有问题，使用Dryrun 模式来测试的话是不会产生备份档的

以下有几个比较需要知道的部份会有注解说明

在预设定情况下log都是存放在/tmp内，若是有需要保留log的话请参考「VMware esxi备份ghettoVCB.sh进阶设定」来修改log存放处，避免重开机后log会被清除

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~ # ./ghettoVCB.sh -f vms_to_backup -d dryrun

Logging output to "/tmp/ghettoVCB-2012-10-16_13-23-26.log" . . . #备份LOG所存放的地方

Insufficient arguments .

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 26 -- info : === === === == ghettoVCB LOG START === === === ===

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 26 -- info : CONFIG - VERSION = 2012_10_16_1

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 26 -- info : CONFIG - GHETTOVCB_PID = 449441

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 26 -- info : CONFIG - VM_BACKUP_VOLUME = / vmfs / volumes / datastore1 / backup / backup

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 26 -- info : CONFIG - VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT = 3

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 26 -- info : CONFIG - VM_BACKUP_DIR_NAMING_CONVENTION

= 2011 - 12 - 27_13 - 23 - 26

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 26 -- info : CONFIG - DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT = thin

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 26 -- info : CONFIG - POWER_VM_DOWN_BEFORE_BACKUP = 0

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 26 -- info : CONFIG - ENABLE_HARD_POWER_OFF = 0

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 26 -- info : CONFIG - ITER_TO_WAIT_SHUTDOWN = 3

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 26 -- info : CONFIG - POWER_DOWN_TIMEOUT = 5

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 26 -- info : CONFIG - SNAPSHOT_TIMEOUT = 15

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 26 -- info : CONFIG - LOG_LEVEL = dryrun

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 26 -- info : CONFIG - BACKUP_LOG_OUTPUT = / tmp / ghettoVCB - 2012 - 10 - 16_13 - 23 - 26.log     #备份LOG所存放的地方

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 26 -- info : CONFIG - VM_SNAPSHOT_MEMORY = 0

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 26 -- info : CONFIG - VM_SNAPSHOT_QUIESCE = 0

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 26 -- info : CONFIG - VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP = all

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 26 -- info : CONFIG - EMAIL_LOG = 0

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 26 -- info :

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 27 -- dryrun : #################################### ###########

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 27 -- dryrun : Virtual Machine : linux

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 27 -- dryrun : VM_ID : 1

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 27 -- dryrun : VMX_PATH : / vmfs / volumes / datastore1 / linux / linux . vmx

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 27 -- dryrun : VMX_DIR : / vmfs / volumes / datastore1 / linux

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 27 -- dryrun : VMX_CONF : linux / linux . vmx

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 27 -- dryrun : VMFS_VOLUME : datastore1

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 27 -- dryrun : VMDK ( s ) :

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 27 -- dryrun :     linux . vmdk     100 GB    #备份VM的大小

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 27 -- dryrun : INDEPENDENT VMDK ( s ) :

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 27 -- dryrun : TOTAL_VM_SIZE_TO_BACKUP : 100 GB   #总备份的大小

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 27 -- dryrun : #################################### ###########

 

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 27 -- info : ###### Final status: OK, only a dryrun. ######  

                                #告知测试是否OK，并告知此次只有dryrun

2012 - 10 - 16 13 : 23 : 27 -- info : === === === = ghettoVCB LOG END === === === === =

 

以下为三种备份方式，请依需要设定

3.4 针对list (vms_to_backup) 中指定的VM虚拟机进行备份

1

~# ./ghettoVCB.sh -f vms_to_backup

 

3.5 备份所有的VM虚拟机

1

~ # ./ghettoVCB.sh -a

 

3.6 排除list中指定的VM虚拟机不进行备份外，其他全部备份

1

2

3

4

~# vi vm_exclusion_list

#加入要指定排除的虚拟机名称

linux

~# ./ghettoVCB.sh -a -e vm_exclusion_list