RHEL（redhat 5.x，6.x）和CentOS上Gitlab安装全过程

RHEL和CentOS 上Gitlab安装全过程
这两天一直在折腾gitlab的安装，由于官方建议ubuntu系统上安装，所以在RHEL颇经周折。从一开始在RHEL 5.8上安装，后来又换了服务器，又在RHEL 6.5上安装。不过经过倒腾，大概明白了Gitlab在RHEL和CentOS上的安装思路，虽然实际安装使用的是RHEL6.5版本，但相信本文档针对其他版本的RHEL和CentOS安装Gitlab也是很具有参考意义的。
本文主要参考：
（1）  官方文档：https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/tree/master/doc/install，基于Ubuntu
          installation.md安装步骤
          requirements.md系统环境要求
（2）  https://github.com/lubia/gitlab-recipes/tree/master/install/centos
本文结合以上两个参考资料，尤其是（2），进行了翻译整理，并把自己再实际安装过程中遇到的问题记录了下来。
 
一、预安装
 
ruby     1.9.3+ 
git     1.7.10+ 
redis     2.0+ 
MySQL     or PostgreSQL 
python     2.5以上
首先执行：
su -yum -y updateyum -y groupinstall 'Development Tools'yum -y install vim-enhanced readline readline-devel ncurses-develgdbm-devel glibc-devel tcl-devel openssl-devel curl-devel expat-devel db4-develbyacc sqlite-devel gcc-c++ libyaml libyaml-devel libffi libffi-devel libxml2libxml2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel libicu libicu-develsystem-config-firewall-tui python-devel redis sudo wget crontabs logwatchlogrotate perl-Time-HiRes

我理解的整个安装过程就是确保上面的软件能全部安装，并确保ruby、git、redis、python的版本。
 
执行完了么？
 
Python太低了？
系统的python可不能卸载，依赖它的包太多了，千万不能用yum –y remove来卸载，系统会崩的。一个系统可以安装多个版本的python，可以参考文章
http://blog.haohtml.com/archives/13959来安装新版本的python。
 
Git版本太低了？
这个可以yum remove git来卸载系统的git。登陆https://github.com/git/git/releases ，选择新一点稳定的git（1.8.x以上）版本，源码安装即可。
./configure不需要指定安装路径，默认安装就行。
 
yum提示找不到package？
      好吧，莫慌，是redhat/centos 6.x系列么？
             如果是。参考“二、系统添加EPEL、PUIAS、Rpmforge源”，给yum添加这三个源以后，再执行一开始的yum install一大串试试。、
             如果还是提醒找不到某些package？参考下面的地址，看看能不能找到安装包。
      
      这里有一个网址，http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=&submit=Search+...&system=&arch=，可以搜到很多系统的rpm安装包，下载到一个目录，执行rpm –ivh *.rpm --force –nodeps。
      但是有一点，要求搜索的软件包一定要适合系统的类型、版本，要不然会造成系统不稳定。
      
      如果经过上述一些步骤，yum install一大串试试，还是提示一些包找不到，那就得自己动手去其他地方试试了。但是RHEL、CentOS 6.5系列绝对没有问题。
 
至此，准备工作做完了，可继续3。如果做不完，要不考虑换换系统？
 
二、系统添加EPEL、PUIAS源（RHEL、CentOS 6.x）
2.1 添加EPEL源
sudo wget-O /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6 https://www.fedoraproject.org/static/0608B895.txtsudo rpm--import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
验证一下key是否成功安装：
sudo rpm-qa gpg*gpg-pubkey-0608b895-4bd22942
现在安装epel-release-6-8.noarch包，用来给系统启用EPEL源：
sudo rpm-Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

Note: Don'tmind the x86_64, if you install on a i686 system you can use the samecommands.
 
2.2 添加PUIASComputational源
（1）Create/etc/yum.repos.d/PUIAS_6_computational.repo and add the following lines:

[PUIAS_6_computational]name=PUIAScomputational Base $releasever - $basearchmirrorlist=http://puias.math.ias.edu/data/puias/computational/$releasever/$basearch/mirrorlist#baseurl=http://puias.math.ias.edu/data/puias/computational/$releasever/$basearchgpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-puias


（2）Next download and install the gpg key.
sudo wget-O /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-puiashttp://springdale.math.ias.edu/data/puias/6/x86_64/os/RPM-GPG-KEY-puiassudo rpm--import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-puias

（3）Verify that the key got installedsuccessfully:
sudo rpm-qa gpg*gpg-pubkey-41a40948-4ce19266

（4）Verify that the EPEL and PUIASComputational repositories are enabled as shown below:
sudo yumrepolistrepoid                 repo name                                               statusPUIAS_6_computational   PUIAS computational Base 6 - x86_64                      2,018base                    CentOS-6 - Base                                          4,802epel                    Extra Packages forEnterprise Linux 6 - x86_64          7,879extras                  CentOS-6 - Extras                                           12updates                 CentOS-6 - Updates                                         814repolist:15,525
（5）If you can't see them listed, use thefolowing command (from yum-utils package) to enable them:
sudoyum-config-manager --enable epel --enable PUIAS_6_computational
 
三、Ruby、mysql、redis等软件安装
    Gitlab、redis、nginx等将来都配置成开机启动，且会是用sendmail发送邮件。
3.1 配置redis开机启动
Make sure redis is started on boot:
sudochkconfig redis onsudoservice redis start
3.2 配置sendmail
如果你是用smtp方式发送邮件，可直接跳过。
参考https://github.com/lubia/gitlab-recipes/tree/master/install/centos#configure-sendmail
3.3 安装ruby
下载并编译：
su -mkdir/tmp/ruby && cd /tmp/rubycurl--progress ftp://ftp.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/2.1/ruby-2.1.0.tar.gz | tar xzcdruby-2.1.0./configuremake&& make install
验证：
ruby -v# ruby2.1.0p0 (2013-12-25 revision 44422) [x86_64-linux]
安装the Bundler Gem:
 sudo gem install bundler --no-ri --no-rdocsudo geminstall charlock_holmes -v '0.6.9.4'
改为应用淘宝的源：
sudo gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/sudo gem sources -a http://ruby.taobao.org/sudo gem install bundler
添加以下软连接，否则可能提示找不到：
ln -s /usr/local/bin/ruby /usr/bin/rubyln -s /usr/local/bin/gem /usr/bin/gemln -s /usr/local/bin/bundle /usr/bin/bundle

3.4 安装mysql

从http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.0/选好mysql版本，下载
 
MySQL-client-5.5.36-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 
MySQL-devel-5.5.36-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 
MySQL-server-5.5.36-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 
MySQL-shared-5.5.36-1.el6.x86_64.rpm  
MySQL-shared-compat-5.5.36-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
不同的机器选用不同的下载包，本人是redhat 6.5，64位，所以选择如上。
下载完毕，
rpm –ivh *.rpm --force –nodeps。
启动起来并设置成开机启动。
 
四、开始正式安装
4.1 账户配置

      4.1.1创建Git用户
su -adduser--system --shell /bin/bash --comment 'GitLab' --create-home --home-dir/home/git/ git
设置为git用户不能登录.

      4.1.2转发所有邮件：（如用smtp方式，可跳过）

Now we want all logging of the system to be forwarded toa central email address:
su [e-mail] > /root/.forwardchown root/root/.forwardchmod 600/root/.forwardrestorecon/root/.forward [e-mail] > /home/git/.forwardchown git/home/git/.forwardchmod 600/home/git/.forwardrestorecon/home/git/.forward

4.2 安装GitLab shell

GitLab Shell is a ssh access and repository managementsoftware developed specially for GitLab.
# Firstlogin as rootsu - # Login asgitsu - git # Clonegitlab shellgit clonehttps://github.com/gitlabhq/gitlab-shell.gitcdgitlab-shell # Switchto right versiongitcheckout v1.8.0cpconfig.yml.example config.yml # Editconfig and replace gitlab_url with something like 'http://domain.com/'## Note,'gitlab_url' is used by gitlab-shell to access GitLab API. Since #     1. the whole communication is locally#     2. next steps will explain how to exposeGitLab over HTTPS with custom cert# it's agood solution is to set gitlab_url as "http://localhost:8080/" # Do setup./bin/install

4.3 选择数据库

    4.3.1 MySQL（建议）
Create a new user and database for GitLab:
# Login toMySQLmysql -uroot -p# Type thedatabase root password# Create auser for GitLab. (change supersecret to a real password)CREATEUSER 'gitlab'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'supersecret'; # Createthe GitLab production databaseCREATEDATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `gitlabhq_production` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET `utf8`COLLATE `utf8_unicode_ci`; # Grantthe GitLab user necessary permissopns on the table.GRANTSELECT, LOCK TABLES, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER ON`gitlabhq_production`.* TO 'gitlab'@'localhost'; # Quit thedatabase session\qTry connecting to the new database with the new user:mysql -ugitlab -p -D gitlabhq_production# Type thepassword you replaced supersecret with earlier# Quit thedatabase session\q

    4.3.2 PostgreSQL
    参考https://github.com/lubia/gitlab-recipes/tree/master/install/centos#52-postgresql


4.4 安装GitLab

参考https://github.com/lubia/gitlab-recipes/tree/master/install/centos#6-gitlab
确认是否安装成功完成：
su - gitcd gitlab/bundleexec rake gitlab:check RAILS_ENV=production

      Do not care about it if you are sure that you have downloaded the up-to-date filefrom https://raw.github.com/gitlabhq/gitlab-recipes/master/init/sysvinit/centos/gitlab-unicorn andsaved it to /etc/init.d/gitlab.
If all other items are green, then congratulations on successfully installingGitLab! However there are still a few steps left.

4.4.1 Unicorn.rb, gitlab.yml, config.yml配置文件
    gitlab的配置依赖于三个文件
/home/git/gitlab/config/unicorn.rb：配置ruby提供的服务端口，ip
    
/home/git/gitlab/config/gitlab.yml：配置gitlab服务的端口，ip
    
/home/git/gitlab-shell/config.yml：配置gitlab-shell要调用的API接口
        
    修改host转发，Vi/etc/hosts
    
4.5 配置SMTP发送邮件

    可选。如果选用sendmail方式，可跳过此步。
    
    修改gitb.yml， vi gitlab/config/gitlab.yml

    确保上面三处填写邮件的地方邮箱一致，Service gitlab restart即可。
 
4.6 安装配置nginx

su -yum -yinstall nginxchkconfignginx onmkdir/etc/nginx/sites-{available,enabled}wget -O/etc/nginx/sites-available/gitlab https://raw.github.com/gitlabhq/gitlab-recipes/master/web-server/nginx/gitlab-sslln -sf/etc/nginx/sites-available/gitlab /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/gitlab
Edit /etc/nginx/nginx.conf and replace include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; with include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
Edit /etc/nginx/sites-available/gitlab and replace git.example.com with your FQDN.
Add nginx user to git group.
usermod -a-G git nginxchmod g+rx/home/git/

Note: Don't forget to add a SSL certificate or generate aSelf Signed Certificate
cd/etc/nginxopensslreq -new -x509 -nodes -days 3560 -out gitlab.crt -keyout gitlab.key

vi/etc/nginx/site-available/gitlab

让nginx监听80端口，root目录是gitlab的网站，这样可以通过机器ip:80来访问。
service nginx restart

五、安装完毕

假设你的电脑的IP是192.168.1.2，如果你的my.ubuntu.com域名指向192.168.1.2的话可以直接用
Http://192.168.1.2后台http://my.ubuntu.com，用以下账号登陆。
[e-mail]
5iveL!fe