oracle RAC client-side TAF && server-side TAF
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今天是2014-03-19，对oracle TAF技术整理一下学习笔记，记录如下：
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failover_mode 参数 描述
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backup 指定用于创建备份连接的本地服务名，当使用preconnect预创建连接
的时候应该指明这个参数值
method TAF的配置包含如下两种failover切换方式
preconnect：创建到切换实例的预连接，提供快速failover的能力
basic：在发生failover的时候创建连接
retries failover发生后尝试连接的次数，如果指明了delay参数，那么retries默认为5
type Taf的配置包含如下三种failover的类型：
session：如果用户连接丢失，新的会话将自动被创建。这种类型的failover不能
尝试恢复select操作
select：如果用户连接丢失，新创建的会话将继续之前失败之后的select操作
none 这是默认值，不具备failover能力。这个能被明确的指明用于防止failover
的发生。
注意：这些参数只能手动设置，不能在listener.ora文件中SID_LIST_<LISTENER_NAME>条目中设置global_dbname参数，静态配置的全局数据
库名称不能使用TAF功能。另外jdbc thin驱动方式无法使用TAF技术。
实现TAF有两种方式一种为client-side TAF 另一种为server-side TAF ，下面先介绍第一种client-side TAF:
RAC = (DESCRIPTION = (FAILOVER=ON) (LOAD_BALANCE=ON) (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac-one)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac-two)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = Rac2) (FAILOVER_MODE= (TYPE=SELECT) (METHOD=BASIC)) ) )
该方式使用了连接时failover、client-side TAF 和客户端负载均衡，当该客户端尝试连接数据库的时候会在address中随即挑选一个用于连接数据库，假如选择rac-one如果连接失败，那么就会使用rac-two进行连接，如果都失败那么将提出连接错误。当客户端已经连接到数据库的时候，突然rac-one实例关闭，那么该客户端随即创建与rac-two的会话连接这个过程报错select的操作。例外我们可以使用retries和delay参数来指定重新连接次数和延迟重新连接的秒数。如下是重试连接rac-one5次每次120秒。
eg：
RAC = (DESCRIPTION = (FAILOVER=ON) (LOAD_BALANCE=OFF) (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac-one-vip)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac-two-vip)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = Rac2) (FAILOVER_MODE= (TYPE=SELECT) (METHOD=BASIC) (RETRIES=5) (DELAY=120) ) ) )
另外在failover_mode中的method中有preconnect（预连接），该说明在client-side TAF中分配一个主连接的同时预先分配备用连接。
eg：
RAC1 = (DESCRIPTION = (FAILOVER=ON) (LOAD_BALANCE=OFF) (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac-one)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = Rac2) (FAILOVER_MODE= (METHOD=PRECONNECT) (BACKUP=RAC2) (TYPE=SELECT) (RETRIES=5) (DELAY=30) ) ) )RAC2 = (DESCRIPTION = (FAILOVER=ON) (LOAD_BALANCE=OFF) (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac-two)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = Rac2) (FAILOVER_MODE= (METHOD=PRECONNECT) (BACKUP=RAC1) (TYPE=SELECT) (RETRIES=5) (DELAY=30) ) ) )
验证client-side TAF：
首先确认/etc/hosts文件如下：
[root@rac-one ~]# more /etc/hosts127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain192.168.2.11 openfiler1192.168.1.112 rac-two-priv192.168.1.111 rac-one-priv192.168.4.111 rac-one rac-one.localdomain192.168.4.112 rac-two rac-two.localdomain192.168.4.113 rac-one-vip192.168.4.114 rac-two-vip[root@rac-one ~]#
查看客户端tnsname.ora配置：
RAC = (DESCRIPTION = (FAILOVER=ON) (LOAD_BALANCE=ON) (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac-two-vip)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac-one-vip)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = Rac) (FAILEOVER_MODE= (METHOD=BASIC) (TYPE=SELECT) (RETRIES=5) (DELAY=60)) ) )
用户连接数据库，然后查看数据库会话信息，（注意还需要修改windows的hosts名称否则无法识别rac-two-vip或是rac-one-vip）：
rac-one节点：
SQL> r 1 select inst_id,username,failover_type,failover_method,failed_over from gv$session where username in ('SYSTEM','SYS') 2* INST_ID USERNAME FAILOVER_TYPE FAILOVER_M FAI---------- ------------------------------ ------------- ---------- --- 2 SYS NONE NONE NO 2 SYS NONE NONE NO 2 SYS NONE NONE NO 2 SYS NONE NONE NO 2 SYS NONE NONE NO 2 SYS NONE NONE NO 1 SYS NONE NONE NO 1 SYS NONE NONE NO 1 SYS NONE NONE NO 1 SYSTEM SELECT BASIC NO10 rows selected.SQL>
可知目前system用户已经具备failover功能。
注意：在配置client-side TAF的时候尤其注意参数的设置位置，否则无法实现failover。
其实在11G中scan功能也实现了负载均衡的作用，它是从dns解析中的三个地址轮询负载的分配给scan listener进而采去和本地listener进行通信。
另外实现TAF的方式为server-side TAF。说白了，就是通过服务端设置service来实现，先比client-side TAF有很多简便的方式。
eg：
增加服务名rac1和rac2：
oracle@rac-two ~]$ srvctl add service -d Rac -s rac1 -r Rac1 -a Rac2 -P basic -y automatic -e select -m basic -z 5 -w 120[oracle@rac-two ~]$ srvctl add service -d Rac -s rac2 -r Rac2 -a Rac1 -P basic -y automatic -e select -m basic -z 5 -w 120
查看服务名状态
[oracle@rac-two ~]$ srvctl status service -d RAcService rac1 is not running.Service rac2 is not running.
启动服务资源：
[oracle@rac-two ~]$ srvctl start service -d Rac[oracle@rac-two ~]$ srvctl status service -d RacService rac1 is running on instance(s) Rac1Service rac2 is running on instance(s) Rac2
查看配置信息：
[oracle@rac-two ~]$ srvctl config service -d RacService name: rac1Service is enabledServer pool: Rac_rac1Cardinality: 1Disconnect: falseService role: PRIMARYManagement policy: AUTOMATICDTP transaction: falseAQ HA notifications: falseFailover type: SELECTFailover method: BASICTAF failover retries: 5TAF failover delay: 120Connection Load Balancing Goal: LONGRuntime Load Balancing Goal: NONETAF policy specification: BASICEdition: Preferred instances: Rac1Available instances: Rac2Service name: rac2Service is enabledServer pool: Rac_rac2Cardinality: 1Disconnect: falseService role: PRIMARYManagement policy: AUTOMATICDTP transaction: falseAQ HA notifications: falseFailover type: SELECTFailover method: BASICTAF failover retries: 5TAF failover delay: 120Connection Load Balancing Goal: LONGRuntime Load Balancing Goal: NONETAF policy specification: BASICEdition: Preferred instances: Rac2Available instances: Rac1[oracle@rac-two ~]$
注意这个时候，实例Rac1已经注册了rac1服务，且主要实例为Rac1备用实例为Rac2，实例Rac2注册了rac2服务，且主要实例为Rac2备用实例为Rac1；
本地监听只会注册本地服务名，scan监听将注册所有的监听服务名。
验证：
首先明确客户端配置：
RAC = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac-two-cluster-scan.grid.example.com)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = Rac2) ) )
登录数据库查看会话信息如下：
会话一使用system用户登录数据库：
用户没有登录之前状态：
[oracle@rac-one ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Mar 19 20:59:56 2014Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsSQL> col username for a20SQL> set linesize 200SQL> select inst_id,username,failover_type,failover_method,failed_over from gv$session where username='SYSTEM';no rows selected
登录之后状态：
SQL> r 1* select inst_id,username,failover_type,failover_method,failed_over from gv$session where username='SYSTEM' INST_ID USERNAME FAILOVER_TYPE FAILOVER_M FAI---------- -------------------- ------------- ---------- --- 2 SYSTEM SELECT BASIC NO 2 SYSTEM SELECT BASIC NOSQL>
这个时候关闭该节点，且在客户端执行select * from dba_objects;语句，
查看节点二 用户会话状态。
SQL> r 1* select inst_id,username,failover_type,failover_method,failed_over from gv$session where username='SYSTEM' INST_ID USERNAME FAILOVER_TYPE FAILOVER_M FAI---------- -------------------- ------------- ---------- --- 1 SYSTEM SELECT BASIC YESSQL>
可以看到用户只在几秒中停顿后继续完成了select操作，且failed_over状态为yes，证明failover已经生效。
查看状态信息如下：
c[grid@rac-two ~]$ crsctl status res -t--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Local Resources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.DATADG.dg ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.GIDG.dg ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.LISTENER.lsnr ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.asm ONLINE ONLINE rac-two Started ora.gsd OFFLINE OFFLINE rac-two ora.net1.network ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.ons ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.registry.acfs ONLINE ONLINE rac-two --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Cluster Resources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.cvu 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.oc4j 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.rac-one.vip 1 ONLINE INTERMEDIATE rac-two FAILED OVER ora.rac-two.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.rac.db 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two Open 2 ONLINE OFFLINE Instance Shutdown ora.rac.rac1.svc 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.rac.rac2.svc 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.scan1.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.scan2.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.scan3.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two [grid@rac-two ~]$
可知目前ora.ora-one.vip已经failed over，且ora.rac.rac1.svc运行到了rac-two中。
重启节点后查看资源如下：
[grid@rac-one ~]$ crsctl status res -t--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Local Resources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.DATADG.dg ONLINE ONLINE rac-one ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.GIDG.dg ONLINE ONLINE rac-one ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.LISTENER.lsnr ONLINE OFFLINE rac-one ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.asm ONLINE ONLINE rac-one Started ONLINE ONLINE rac-two Started ora.gsd OFFLINE OFFLINE rac-one OFFLINE OFFLINE rac-two ora.net1.network ONLINE ONLINE rac-one ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.ons ONLINE OFFLINE rac-one STARTING ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.registry.acfs ONLINE ONLINE rac-one ONLINE ONLINE rac-two --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Cluster Resources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two STOPPING ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.cvu 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.oc4j 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.rac-one.vip 1 ONLINE INTERMEDIATE rac-two FAILED OVER,STOPPINGora.rac-two.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.rac.db 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two Open 2 ONLINE OFFLINE Instance Shutdown ora.rac.rac1.svc 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.rac.rac2.svc 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.scan1.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.scan2.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.scan3.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two [grid@rac-one ~]$ [grid@rac-one ~]$ crsctl status res -t--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Local Resources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.DATADG.dg ONLINE ONLINE rac-one ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.GIDG.dg ONLINE ONLINE rac-one ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.LISTENER.lsnr ONLINE ONLINE rac-one ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.asm ONLINE ONLINE rac-one Started ONLINE ONLINE rac-two Started ora.gsd OFFLINE OFFLINE rac-one OFFLINE OFFLINE rac-two ora.net1.network ONLINE ONLINE rac-one ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.ons ONLINE ONLINE rac-one ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.registry.acfs ONLINE ONLINE rac-one ONLINE ONLINE rac-two --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Cluster Resources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-one ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.cvu 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.oc4j 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.rac-one.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-one ora.rac-two.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.rac.db 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two Open 2 ONLINE ONLINE rac-one Open ora.rac.rac1.svc 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.rac.rac2.svc 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.scan1.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-one ora.scan2.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two ora.scan3.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac-two [grid@rac-one ~]$
如果当Rac1失效（节点关闭），那么select将再次移动到Rac2上来
SQL> r 1* select inst_id,username,failover_type,failover_method,failed_over from gv$session where username='SYSTEM' INST_ID USERNAME FAILOVER_TYPE FAILOVER_M FAI---------- ------------------------------ ------------- ---------- --- 2 SYSTEM SELECT BASIC YES
到了11G R2 使用scan和server-side TAF是最佳选择。
That’s all！！！！！
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Rhys↖(^ω^)↗Amy+++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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