处理 ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

故障现象：ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters 

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora'

原理：在oracle9i和oracle10g中，数据库默认将使用spfile启动数据库，如果spfile不存在，则就会出现上述错误。

解决办法：

方法一：将$ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/pfile目录下的init.ora.0212012125517形式的文件copy到$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下并改名为initoracl.ora即可。（注：initoracl.ora中的oracl为你的实例名 ORACLE_SID，这里我的SID为：orcl）

方法二：将$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下spflieoracl.ora改名为spfileorcl10g.ora即可。（注：spfileorcl10g.ora中的orcl10g为环境变量中设置的SID，我的是orcl10g）

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故障： 

[root@RHEL5 ~]# su – oracle 

[oracle@RHEL5 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Jan 21 13:10:47 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup;

ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters 

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl10g.ora'

解决： 

[oracle@RHEL5 ~]$ find /opt  -name pfile    #查看pfile位置 

/opt/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile 

[oracle@RHEL5 ~]$ ls -l /opt/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile

total 4 

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1909 Jan 21 12:45 init.ora.0212012125517 

[oracle@RHEL5 ~]$  

cp /opt/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.0212012125517  /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/          #把pfile下的init.ora.0212012125517复制到/opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorc1.ora并改名为initorc1.ora 

[oracle@RHEL5 ~]$ cp /opt/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.0212012125517  /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorc1.ora 

[oracle@RHEL5 ~]$ ls -l  /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs 

total 32 

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2851 May 15  2009 init.ora 

drwx------ 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 21 12:45 peshm_orcl_0 

-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Jan 21 12:45 hc_orcl.dat 

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   24 Jan 21 12:49 lkORCL 

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Jan 21 12:56 orapworcl 

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2560 Jan 21 13:16 spfileorcl.ora 

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1909 Jan 21 13:18 initorc1.ora

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[oracle@RHEL5 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Jan 21 13:26:28 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.