openssl建立证书，非常详细配置ssl+apache

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openssl建立证书，非常详细配置ssl+apache

一，什么是ssl

SSL证书通过在客户端浏览器和Web服务器之间建立一条SSL安全通道（Secure socket layer(SSL)安全协议是由Netscape Communication公司设计开发。该安全协议主要用来提供对用户和服务器的认证；对传送的数据进行加密和隐藏；确保数据在传送中不被改变，即数据的完整性，现已成为该领域中全球化的标准。由于SSL技术已建立到所有主要的浏览器和WEB服务器程序中，因此，仅需安装服务器证书就可以激活该功能了）。即通过它可以激活SSL协议，实现数据信息在客户端和服务器之间的加密传输，可以防止数据信息的泄露。保证了双方传递信息的安全性，而且用户可以通过服务器证书验证他所访问的网站是否是真实可靠。

安全套接字层 (SSL) 技术通过加密信息和提供鉴权，保护您的网站安全。一份 SSL 证书包括一个公共密钥和一个私用密钥。公共密钥用于加密信息，私用密钥用于解译加密的信息。浏览器指向一个安全域时，SSL 同步确认服务器和客户端，并创建一种加密方式和一个唯一的会话密钥。它们可以启动一个保证消息的隐私性和完整性的安全会话。

首先要有一个主证书，然后用主证书来签发服务器证书和客户证书，服务器证书和客户证书是平级关系，SSL所使用的证书可以自己生成，也可以通过一个商业性CA（如Verisign 或 Thawte）签署证书。签发证书的问题：如果使用的是商业证书，具体的签署方法请查看相关销售商的说明；如果是知己签发的证书，可以使用openssl 自带的CA.sh脚本工具。如果不为单独的客户端签发证书，客户端证书可以不用生成，客户端与服务器端使用相同的证书。

二，安装所要的软件

openssl ：wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.0a.tar.gz

apache： wget http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/httpd-2.2.16.tar.gz

三，安装

在正式安装前，请不要直接看下面的安装，请看最后一部分，那是我安装时候所遇到的问题，这样可以使你少走不少弯路，我安装的时候，就走了不少弯路。

1，安装openssl

tar zxvf openssl-1.0.0a.tar.gz
cd openssl-1.0.0a
./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl
make && make install

2,安装apache

如果你已经安装了apache，你又不想重新编译的话，请参考mod_ssl模块的安装，也就是添加ssl模块而已。

tar zxvf httpd-2.2.16.tar.gz
cd httpd-2.2.16
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-ssl --enable-rewrite --enable-so --with-ssl=/usr/local/openssl
make && make install

如果你是yum install ,apt-get,pacman这样的软件管理工具进行安装的话，上面的二步可以省掉。

3，创建主证书

在/usr/local/apache/conf/下面建个目录ssl

3.1，mkdir ssl

3.2，cp /openssl的安装目录/ssl/misc/CA.sh /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl/

3.3 用CA.sh来创建证书

[root@BlackGhost ssl]#./CA.sh -newca //建立主证书

CA certificate filename (or enter to create)Making CA certificate ...Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key............++++++......++++++writing new private key to './demoCA/private/./cakey.pem'Enter PEM pass phrase:Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:Verify failureEnter PEM pass phrase:Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:-----You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporatedinto your certificate request.What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blankFor some fields there will be a default value,If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.-----Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:cnState or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:cnLocality Name (eg, city) []:cnOrganization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:cnOrganizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:cnCommon Name (eg, YOUR name) []:localhostEmail Address []:xtaying@gmail.comPlease enter the following 'extra' attributesto be sent with your certificate requestA challenge password []:******************An optional company name []:Using configuration from /etc/ssl/openssl.cnfEnter pass phrase for ./demoCA/private/./cakey.pem:       //填的是上面的PEM密码Check that the request matches the signatureSignature okCertificate Details: Serial Number: 89:11:9f:a6:ca:03:63:ab Validity Not Before: Aug  7 12:35:28 2010 GMT Not After : Aug  6 12:35:28 2013 GMT Subject: countryName               = cn stateOrProvinceName       = cn organizationName          = cn organizationalUnitName    = cn commonName                = localhost emailAddress              = xtaying@gmail.com X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 26:09:F3:D5:26:13:00:1F:3E:CC:86:1D:E4:EE:37:06:65:15:4E:76 X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: keyid:26:09:F3:D5:26:13:00:1F:3E:CC:86:1D:E4:EE:37:06:65:15:4E:76 DirName:/C=cn/ST=cn/O=cn/OU=cn/CN=localhost/emailAddress=xtaying@gmail.com serial:89:11:9F:A6:CA:03:63:AB X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:TRUECertificate is to be certified until Aug  6 12:35:28 2013 GMT (1095 days)Write out database with 1 new entriesData Base Updated

安装成功的话，会在ssl目录下面产生一个文件夹demoCA

4 生成服务器私钥和服务器证书

# 无 -des3, 不加密证书, 客户端不调用：SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb_userdata 输入密码

[root@BlackGhost ssl]# openssl genrsa -out server.key 1024 //产生服务器私钥不加密

[root@BlackGhost ssl]# openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024 //产生服务器私钥

Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus.....................++++++.........++++++e is 65537 (0x10001)Enter pass phrase for server.key:Verifying - Enter pass phrase for server.key:

[root@BlackGhost ssl]# openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr    //生成服务器证书Enter pass phrase for server.key:You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporatedinto your certificate request.What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blankFor some fields there will be a default value,If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.-----Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:cnState or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:cnLocality Name (eg, city) []:cnOrganization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:cnOrganizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:cnCommon Name (eg, YOUR name) []:localhost     //要填全域名Email Address []:xtaying@gmail.comPlease enter the following 'extra' attributesto be sent with your certificate requestA challenge password []:*****************An optional company name []:

4.1 对产生的服务器证书进行签证

4.1.1、下面的要求修改openssl.cnf文件。 4.1.2 则不用修改openssl.cnf文件

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cp server.csr newseq.pem

[root@BlackGhost ssl]# ./CA.sh -sign     //为服务器证书签名Using configuration from /etc/ssl/openssl.cnfEnter pass phrase for ./demoCA/private/cakey.pem:Check that the request matches the signatureSignature okCertificate Details: Serial Number: 89:11:9f:a6:ca:03:63:ac Validity Not Before: Aug  7 12:39:41 2010 GMT Not After : Aug  7 12:39:41 2011 GMT Subject: countryName               = cn stateOrProvinceName       = cn localityName              = cn organizationName          = cn organizationalUnitName    = cn commonName                = localhost emailAddress              = xtaying@gmail.com X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:FALSE Netscape Comment: OpenSSL Generated Certificate X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: FE:20:56:04:8E:B6:BE:3E:3A:E1:DA:A6:4A:3A:E1:16:93:1D:3F:81 X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: keyid:26:09:F3:D5:26:13:00:1F:3E:CC:86:1D:E4:EE:37:06:65:15:4E:76Certificate is to be certified until Aug  7 12:39:41 2011 GMT (365 days)Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]yWrite out database with 1 new entriesData Base UpdatedCertificate: Data: Version: 3 (0x2) Serial Number: 89:11:9f:a6:ca:03:63:ac Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption Issuer: C=cn, ST=cn, O=cn, OU=cn, CN=localhost/emailAddress=xtaying@gmail.com Validity Not Before: Aug  7 12:39:41 2010 GMT Not After : Aug  7 12:39:41 2011 GMT Subject: C=cn, ST=cn, L=cn, O=cn, OU=cn, CN=localhost/emailAddress=xtaying@gmail.com Subject Public Key Info: Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption Public-Key: (1024 bit) Modulus: 00:ce:d5:a8:df:d1:e7:ee:92:d1:d1:78:20:a9:6d: 0a:1b:f6:09:dd:13:29:ef:72:1d:17:54:dd:1c:8d: 28:27:69:fe:70:3b:fa:2b:a3:45:40:80:ea:0e:5b: a7:bd:40:d0:cd:bc:2c:74:03:8b:f7:6c:5e:1f:09: 5d:c6:8a:05:ea:b8:72:fc:79:8b:62:62:38:0b:42: 28:7e:0d:fc:e7:bb:b0:87:66:6a:b2:35:92:91:b9: 78:9c:b6:76:01:0b:2a:74:df:5f:a1:8b:31:61:90: 93:f9:20:db:46:59:12:2e:9b:59:c0:32:4e:92:14: a1:7e:52:7b:cc:02:5e:e2:45 Exponent: 65537 (0x10001) X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:FALSE Netscape Comment: OpenSSL Generated Certificate X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: FE:20:56:04:8E:B6:BE:3E:3A:E1:DA:A6:4A:3A:E1:16:93:1D:3F:81 X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: keyid:26:09:F3:D5:26:13:00:1F:3E:CC:86:1D:E4:EE:37:06:65:15:4E:76 Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption 09:a0:16:43:a2:93:11:a7:ab:f5:17:b7:36:35:84:9f:3b:37: 32:33:3f:93:63:b0:4c:bb:d1:b4:9b:4f:37:78:62:f4:ac:ff: 28:b0:63:71:2e:9a:7c:f4:40:2e:b1:5f:ae:49:e7:e2:6f:de: cf:30:cc:9a:08:26:26:24:c5:00:03:32:20:48:41:b1:29:8f: 5d:3d:2a:78:54:0e:a8:76:07:6c:7f:23:42:75:c2:fb:83:1d: 70:44:5e:8c:90:cf:b4:23:b7:23:5b:06:05:32:58:e3:af:1c: be:1d:50:7b:fd:37:66:ba:9c:ec:bb:af:ee:b6:04:f7:c5:2e: 59:22-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----Signed certificate is in newcert.pem

cp newcert.pem server.crt

4.1.2 则不用修改openssl.cnf文件

#################################

openssl ca -in server.csr -out server.crt -cert ./demoCA/cacert.pem -keyfile ./demoCA/private/cakey.pem

5,产生客户端证书

生成客户私钥：

# 无 -des3, 不加密证书, 客户端不调用：SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb_userdata 输入密码
openssl genrsa -des3 -out client.key 1024

openssl genrsa -out client.key 1024

生成客户证书
openssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr

签证：
openssl ca -in client.csr -out client.crt

转换成pkcs12格式，为客户端安装所用
openssl pkcs12 -export -clcerts -in client.crt -inkey client.key -out client.pfx

这一步根安装服务器的证书差不多，不同的是签证，最后安装的时候，client.pfx的密码要记住，在客户端安装的时候要用到的。

[root@BlackGhost ssl]# openssl pkcs12 -export -clcerts -in client.crt -inkey client.key -out client.pfx
Enter pass phrase for client.key:
Enter Export Password:
Verifying - Enter Export Password:

客户端和服务器端都可以使用服务器端证书，所以这一步不做也行。

6，集中所以证书和私私钥到一起

#cp demoCA/cacert.pem cacert.pem

同时复制一份证书，更名为ca.crt

#cp ./demoCA/cacert.pem ca.crt

#cp cacert.pem ca.crt

7，apache配置

vi /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/ssl.conf

SSLEngine on指定服务器证书位置SSLCertificateFile /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl/server.crt指定服务器证书key位置SSLCertificateKeyFile /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl/server.key证书目录SSLCACertificatePath /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl根证书位置SSLCACertificateFile /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl/cacert.pem要求客户拥有证书SSLVerifyClient requireSSLVerifyDepth  1SSLOptions +StdEnvVars记录logCustomLog "/usr/local/apache/logs/ssl_request_log" \          "%t %h %{SSL_PROTOCOL}x %{SSL_CIPHER}x \"%r\" %b"

vi /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd_vhosts.conf

listen 443 https NameVirtualHost *:443 <VirtualHost _default_:443> DocumentRoot "/home/zhangy/www/metbee/trunk/src/web" ServerName  *:443 ErrorLog "/home/zhangy/apache/www.metbee.com-error.log" CustomLog "/home/zhangy/apache/www.metbee.com-access.log" common Include conf/extra/ssl.conf </VirtualHost>

vi /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf把Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf前面的注释去掉

启动 /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -D SSL -k start

Server *:10000 (RSA)
Enter pass phrase:输入的是server的密钥

OK: Pass Phrase Dialog successful.

8,安装客户端证书

把ca.crt和client.pfx copy到客户端，双击client.pfx就会进入证书的安装向导，下一步就行了，中间会让你输入密码

四，安装所遇到的问题

1，生成的密码很多，一会让输入密码，会忘得，并且主证书的密码和下面的证书的密码不能重得，会报错的，所以要搞个文本记下来。

2，升级openssl引发的问题

httpd: Syntax error on line 56 of /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf: Cannot load /usr/local/apache/modules/libphp5.so into server: libssl.so.0.9.8: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

httpd: Syntax error on line 56 of /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf: Cannot load /usr/local/apache/modules/libphp5.so into server: libcrypto.so.0.9.8: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

用ln -s来建立软链接，就可以了。不过这种方法不是万能的，比如我把libpng从1.2升到1.4，libjpeg从7.0升到8.0结果是系统差点崩掉，用软链接不管用，我把他们弄掉，从网上下的低版本重装。

3，证书的国家名称，省名要相同不然生成空证书，

The countryName field needed to be the same in the
CA certificate (cn) and the request (sh)

4，提示CommonName时，要添写全域名，会提示警告

RSA server certificate CommonName (CN) `cn' does NOT match server name!?

5，相同的证书不能生成二次，名字不一样也不行，也就是说server.cst和client.csr信息不能完相同，不然会报

failed to update database
TXT_DB error number 2

6，页面浏览时，会看到提示，你的证书是不可信的，是因为我配置的不对，还是自己建的证书就是不要信的呢？

7，当我加了SSLVerifyClient require SSLVerifyDepth 1 这二个配置时，在windows下面，要你输入证书后，就可以看到页面了，但在用firefox就是不行呢？看下面的ssl_request_log日志，192.168.18.3是用windows的IE浏览器

[09/Aug/2010:22:02:21 +0800] 127.0.0.1 TLSv1 DHE-RSA-CAMELLIA256-SHA "GET /robots.txt HTTP/1.1" 208
[09/Aug/2010:22:02:21 +0800] 127.0.0.1 TLSv1 DHE-RSA-CAMELLIA256-SHA "GET /robots.txt HTTP/1.1" 208
[09/Aug/2010:22:02:21 +0800] 127.0.0.1 TLSv1 DHE-RSA-CAMELLIA256-SHA "GET /robots.txt HTTP/1.1" 208
[09/Aug/2010:22:02:55 +0800] 192.168.18.3 TLSv1 RC4-MD5 "GET / HTTP/1.1" 1505
[09/Aug/2010:22:02:55 +0800] 192.168.18.3 TLSv1 RC4-MD5 "GET / HTTP/1.1" 1505
[09/Aug/2010:22:02:55 +0800] 192.168.18.3 TLSv1 RC4-MD5 "GET / HTTP/1.1" 1505

遇到肯定不止这几个，有的想不起来了。关于6，7，还请高手指教。谢谢

apache ssl

##############################################################

1 为CA创建一个RSA私钥
＃openssl genrsa -des3 -out ca.key 1024
系统提示输入PEM pass pharse,也就是密码。生成ca.key文件，可以将文件的属性改为400，并放在安全的地方。

2利用CA的RSA私钥创建一个自签名的CA证书
   创建一个自签名的证书（Selfsigned certificate）运行req命令，该命令生成一个ca.crt。
   ＃openssl req -new -x509 -days 3650 -key ca.key -out ca.crt
   然后系统提示输入国家代号、省份名称、城市名称、公司名称、部门名称、你的姓名及Email地址，这样一张自签名的CA证书就制作完成。

3为客户颁发证书
   为客户创建证书，先用genrsa命令生成的私钥，用req命令生成证书签署请求CSR。
   ＃openssl genrsa –des3 –out client.key 1024
   ＃openssl req –new –key client.key –out client.csr这里也要输入个人的信息。

   然后用sign.sh签署证书。
   ＃./sigh.sh client.crt
   这样由CA签发的证书就制作完成。

4撤消证书
要吊消证书可以使用openssl的ca命令，它可以对证书进行吊消、加进CRL及CRL有关的其它一些处理。

要吊消证书可以简单地使用以下命令：
＃openssl ca –revoke 证书文件名

  这时数据库被更新证书被标记上吊消的标志，需要生成新的证书吊消列表：
   #openssl ca -gencrl -config /etc/openssl.cnf -out crl/sopac-ca.crl
   证书吊消列表文件要在WEB站点上可以使用，必须将crldays或crlhours和crlexts加到证书中：
   openssl ca -gencrl -config /etc/openssl.cnf -crldays 7 -crlexts crl_ext -out crl/sopac-ca.crl

############################################################

openssl TXT_DB error number 2 failed to update database

##########################################################

产生的原因是:

This thing happens when certificates share common data. You cannot have two
certificates that look otherwise the same.

方法一:

修改demoCA下 index.txt.attr

将

unique_subject = yes

改为

unique_subject = no

方法二:

删除demoCA下的index.txt,并再touch下

rm index.txt

touch index.txt

方法三:

将 common name设置成不同的

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