利用Java编写简单的WebService实例

      使用Axis编写WebService比较简单，就我的理解，WebService的实现代码和编写Java代码其实没有什么区别，主要是将哪些Java类发布为WebService。下面是一个从编写测试例子到发布WebService，以及编写测试代码的过程介绍。

      本例子的WebService提供了两个方法，分别是sayHello和sayHelloToPerson，第一个只是返回一个"Hello"字符串，没有参数，第二个函数接受一个字符串作为参数，返回"Hello 参数值"，该例子比较简单，但是清楚的说明了从编写代码到发布为WebService以及测试编写好的WebService全过程。

编写服务代码

      服务代码提供了两个函数，分别为sayHello和sayHelloToPerson，源代码如下：

package com.sinosoft.webservice;public class HelloService {        /**         * 不带参数的函数         *          * @return 返回Hello字符串         */        public String sayHello() {            return "Hello";        }        /**         * 带参数的函数         *          * @param name 名称         * @return 返回加上名称的欢迎词         */        public String sayHelloToPerson(String name) {            if (name == null || name.equals("")) {                name = "nobody";            }            return "Hello " + name;        }}

发布WebService

      要将上边写的HelloService类发布为WebService，需要先搭建Web应用。下面是在Tomcat下使用Axis创建WebService服务的例子。

1.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建web.xml文件，该文件的内容如下：

 

在上面的web.xml中主要是配置了axis的相关配置。

axis的相关配置

     在上述的web.xml文件中已经对axis进行了配置，但是还需要进行额外的配置。

     复制axis相关的jar文件

     将axis的相关jar文件复制到WEB-INF\lib文件夹下。这些文件包括：

activation.jar
axis.jar
axis-ant.jar
axis-schema.jar
commons-discovery-0.2.jar
commons-logging-1.0.4.jar
jaxrpc.jar
log4j-1.2.8.jar
mailapi.jar
saaj.jar
wsdl4j-1.5.1.jar
xmlsec-1.3.0.jar

     

测试发布的Web应用

     启动Tomcat服务，打开浏览器，访问地址http://localhost:port/项目名/services，如果看到如下界面就说明AXIS部署成功了。

And now... Some Services

• AdminService (wsdl)
  • AdminService
• Version (wsdl)
  • getVersion

发布WebService

     发布WebService需要使用现有的AdminService来实现，这里我写了一个批处理文件来发布WebService，以后如果需要发布其他文件，只需要修改相应的参数就可以了。

创建server-config.wsdd文件

     文件server-config.wsdd内容如下所示：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><deployment xmlns="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/" xmlns:java="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/providers/java"><handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.http.URLMapper" name="URLMapper" />    <service name="HelloServices" provider="java:RPC">        <parameter name="className" value="com.sinosoft.webservice.HelloService"/>        <parameter name="allowedMethods" value="*"/>    </service>    <transport name="http">        <requestFlow>            <handler type="URLMapper" />        </requestFlow>    </transport></deployment>

最后再次运行Tomcat,访问地址http://localhost:port/项目名/services则出现如下:

And now... Some Services

• HelloServices (wsdl)
  • sayHello
  • sayHelloToPerson

从上图可以看出，发布成功后，则出现一个HelloServices的服务。这样就说明HelloService发布成功了。

查看HelloServices的wsdl

     直接点击

• HelloServices (wsdl)

或者访问http://host:port/ws/services/HelloServices?wsdl可以看到如下wsdl的内容：

<wsdl:definitions xmlns:apachesoap="http://xml.apache.org/xml-soap" xmlns:impl="http://localhost:8080/TestWeb/services/HelloServices" xmlns:intf="http://localhost:8080/TestWeb/services/HelloServices" xmlns:soapenc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsdlsoap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://localhost:8080/TestWeb/services/HelloServices"><!--WSDL created by Apache Axis version: 1.4Built on Apr 22, 2006 (06:55:48 PDT)--><wsdl:message name="sayHelloToPersonResponse"><wsdl:part name="sayHelloToPersonReturn" type="soapenc:string"/></wsdl:message><wsdl:message name="sayHelloToPersonRequest"><wsdl:part name="name" type="soapenc:string"/></wsdl:message><wsdl:message name="sayHelloRequest"></wsdl:message><wsdl:message name="sayHelloResponse"><wsdl:part name="sayHelloReturn" type="soapenc:string"/></wsdl:message><wsdl:portType name="HelloService"><wsdl:operation name="sayHello"><wsdl:input message="impl:sayHelloRequest" name="sayHelloRequest"/><wsdl:output message="impl:sayHelloResponse" name="sayHelloResponse"/></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="sayHelloToPerson" parameterOrder="name"><wsdl:input message="impl:sayHelloToPersonRequest" name="sayHelloToPersonRequest"/><wsdl:output message="impl:sayHelloToPersonResponse" name="sayHelloToPersonResponse"/></wsdl:operation></wsdl:portType><wsdl:binding name="HelloServicesSoapBinding" type="impl:HelloService"><wsdlsoap:binding style="rpc" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/><wsdl:operation name="sayHello"><wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/><wsdl:input name="sayHelloRequest"><wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://webservice.sinosoft.com" use="encoded"/></wsdl:input><wsdl:output name="sayHelloResponse"><wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://localhost:8080/TestWeb/services/HelloServices" use="encoded"/></wsdl:output></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="sayHelloToPerson"><wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/><wsdl:input name="sayHelloToPersonRequest"><wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://webservice.sinosoft.com" use="encoded"/></wsdl:input><wsdl:output name="sayHelloToPersonResponse"><wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://localhost:8080/TestWeb/services/HelloServices" use="encoded"/></wsdl:output></wsdl:operation></wsdl:binding><wsdl:service name="HelloServiceService"><wsdl:port binding="impl:HelloServicesSoapBinding" name="HelloServices"><wsdlsoap:address location="http://localhost:8080/TestWeb/services/HelloServices"/></wsdl:port></wsdl:service></wsdl:definitions>

用Java调用WebService实例

     下面是用Java调用刚发布的WebService例子。

package com.sinosoft.webservice;import java.io.IOException;import java.net.MalformedURLException;import javax.xml.namespace.QName;import javax.xml.rpc.ServiceException;import org.apache.axis.client.Call;import org.apache.axis.client.Service;import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;public class TestHelloService {     private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(TestHelloService.class);        private static final String HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT = "http://localhost:8080/TestWeb/services/HelloServices?wsdl";        public static void main(String[] args) {            TestHelloService tester = new TestHelloService();             //tester.callSayHello();            tester.callSayHelloToPerson();        }        public void callSayHello() {            try {                Service service = new Service();                Call call = (Call) service.createCall();                call.setTargetEndpointAddress(new java.net.URL(HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT));                call.setOperationName(new QName("http://webservice.sinosoft.com/","sayHello"));                call.setReturnType(org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING);                try {                    String ret = (String) call.invoke(new Object[] {});                    System.out.println("The return value is:" + ret);                    return;                } catch (IOException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }            } catch (MalformedURLException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            } catch (ServiceException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }            log.error("call sayHello service error!");        }        public void callSayHelloToPerson() {            try {                Service service = new Service();                Call call = (Call) service.createCall();                call.setTargetEndpointAddress(new java.net.URL(HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT));                call.setOperationName(new QName("http://webservice.sinosoft.com/","sayHelloToPerson"));                call.addParameter("name", org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING,javax.xml.rpc.ParameterMode.IN);                call.setReturnType(org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING);                try {                    String ret = (String) call.invoke(new Object[] {"zhangkj"});                    System.out.println("The return value is:" + ret);                    return;                } catch (IOException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }            } catch (MalformedURLException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            } catch (ServiceException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }            log.error("call sayHello service error!");        }}