手把手教你做iphone的soap应用(webservice)

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这是我转载的，学习下，原文地址：http://www.cocoachina.com/bbs/read.php?tid=16561

最近研究了下soap,找不到iphone上好用的soap代码.发现坛子，关于soap的东西也不多，就把自己写的贴出来，请大家批评指正吧。

用到的提供soap接口的网址是:http://www.Nanonull.com/TimeService/这个页面有多个方法可以通过soap调用,页面上也有说明.如果用IE的浏览器还能看到此网页提供的wsdl文件.要做soap的webservice首先要了解一些关于webservice和soap的一些基本知识.下面几个网址可能会帮你快速入门.

soap教程:http://www.w3school.com.cn/soap/index.asp
使用WSDL发布WebService:http://blog.csdn.net/meiqingsong/archive/2005/04/04/336057.aspx

为了便于理解,我先讲下soap的大体原理:我们在iphone封装soap请求信息,发送到某个提供soap服务的服务器,如下例中我们用到的http://www.Nanonull.com/TimeService/.服务器能接受和识别soap请求,当它接到请求,就根据客户端的请求情况调用服务器上的某个函数,并将函数返回结果封装成soap反馈信息发送给客户端.客户端接收到soap反馈信息后,进行解析处理,以用户能理解的形式呈现给用户.整个过程就这么简单.

好了,假设现在你已经有关于soap的基础知识(没有也没关系,看了例子,再理解就更好理解了),下面我们开始做soap的例子.

第一步,建一个Hello_SOAP项目.用IB将Hello_SOAPViewController.xib做成如下图的界面

然后在Hello_SOAPViewController.h中添加如下代码

@interface Hello_SOAPViewController : UIViewController{        IBOutlet UITextField *nameInput;        IBOutlet UILabel *greeting;        NSMutableData *webData;        NSMutableString *soapResults;        NSXMLParser *xmlParser;        BOOL recordResults;}@property(nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UITextField *nameInput;@property(nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UILabel *greeting;@property(nonatomic, retain) NSMutableData *webData;@property(nonatomic, retain) NSMutableString *soapResults;@property(nonatomic, retain) NSXMLParser *xmlParser;-(IBAction)buttonClick: (id) sender;- (void)getOffesetUTCTimeSOAP;

然后在Hello_SOAPViewController.xib中将两个输出口和一个动作连接好,这个不用手把手吧?
在Hello_SOAPViewController.m文件中加入以下方法 :

- (void)getOffesetUTCTimeSOAP{        recordResults = NO;        //封装soap请求消息        NSString *soapMessage = [NSString stringWithFormat:                                                         @"<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\n"                                                         "<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:xsd=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" xmlns:soap=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\">\n"                                                         "<soap:Body>\n"                                                         "<getOffesetUTCTime xmlns=\"http://www.Nanonull.com/TimeService/\">\n"                                                         "<hoursOffset>%@</hoursOffset>\n"                                                         "</getOffesetUTCTime>\n"                                                         "</soap:Body>\n"                                                         "</soap:Envelope>\n",nameInput.text                                                         ];        NSLog(soapMessage);        //请求发送到的路径        NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.nanonull.com/TimeService/TimeService.asmx"];        NSMutableURLRequest *theRequest = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];        NSString *msgLength = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", [soapMessage length]];                //以下对请求信息添加属性前四句是必有的，第五句是soap信息。        [theRequest addValue: @"text/xml; charset=utf-8" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];        [theRequest addValue: @"http://www.Nanonull.com/TimeService/getOffesetUTCTime" forHTTPHeaderField:@"SOAPAction"];                [theRequest addValue: msgLength forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Length"];        [theRequest setHTTPMethod:@"POST"];        [theRequest setHTTPBody: [soapMessage dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];                //请求        NSURLConnection *theConnection = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:theRequest delegate:self];                //如果连接已经建好，则初始化data        if( theConnection )        {                webData = [[NSMutableData data] retain];        }        else        {                NSLog(@"theConnection is NULL");        }}

这个方法作用就是封装soap请求,并向服务器发送请求.
代码有注释.不重复讲解.soap并不难,难的是没有案例告诉我们怎么把其它平台的soap移植过来,这里我给出了代码,我相信对iphone开发人员的话应该能看懂了.我在下面会把此案例的源代码附上.如果自己做不出来再看我的代码.如果我这样讲您觉得不够细,那说明您的iphone开发还不是太深入,那么您应该用不到soap技术.可以飘过了.
下面的代码是接收信息并解析,显示到用户界面

-(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response{        [webData setLength: 0];        NSLog(@"connection: didReceiveResponse:1");}-(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data{        [webData appendData:data];        NSLog(@"connection: didReceiveData:2");}//如果电脑没有连接网络，则出现此信息（不是网络服务器不通）-(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error{        NSLog(@"ERROR with theConenction");        [connection release];        [webData release];}-(void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection{        NSLog(@"3 DONE. Received Bytes: %d", [webData length]);        NSString *theXML = [[NSString alloc] initWithBytes: [webData mutableBytes] length:[webData length] encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];        NSLog(theXML);        [theXML release];                //重新加載xmlParser        if( xmlParser )        {                [xmlParser release];        }                xmlParser = [[NSXMLParser alloc] initWithData: webData];        [xmlParser setDelegate: self];        [xmlParser setShouldResolveExternalEntities: YES];        [xmlParser parse];                [connection release];        //[webData release];}-(void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didStartElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *) namespaceURI qualifiedName:(NSString *)qNameattributes: (NSDictionary *)attributeDict{        NSLog(@"4 parser didStarElemen: namespaceURI: attributes:");                if( [elementName isEqualToString:@"getOffesetUTCTimeResult"])        {                if(!soapResults)                {                        soapResults = [[NSMutableString alloc] init];                }                recordResults = YES;        }        }-(void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser foundCharacters:(NSString *)string{        NSLog(@"5 parser: foundCharacters:");        if( recordResults )        {                [soapResults appendString: string];        }}-(void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didEndElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName{        NSLog(@"6 parser: didEndElement:");        if( [elementName isEqualToString:@"getOffesetUTCTimeResult"])        {                recordResults = FALSE;                greeting.text = [[[NSString init]stringWithFormat:@"第%@时区的时间是: ",nameInput.text] stringByAppendingString:soapResults];                [soapResults release];                soapResults = nil;                NSLog(@"hoursOffset result");        }        }- (void)parserDidStartDocument:(NSXMLParser *)parser{        NSLog(@"-------------------start--------------");}- (void)parserDidEndDocument:(NSXMLParser *)parser{        NSLog(@"-------------------end--------------");}

说明下:

-(void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection

这个方法是存储接收到的信息.

-(void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didEndElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName

方法是显示接收的信息.
以上代码已经包括所有用到的代码.

如果一切顺利,应该有如下界面
1.打开界面

2.输入请求的时区

3.显示服务器反馈结果

下面给个整个工程的源码,如果您把上面代码贴上运行不出来,直接运行我的工程吧.有误地方请指正,有问题可回帖交流.
Hello_SOAP-getOffesetUTCTime.zip

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