Android基站定位

原文地址：http://www.uml.org.cn/mobiledev/201304105.asp

一、通过手机信号获取基站信息

通过TelephonyManager 获取lac:mcc:mnc:cell-id（基站信息）的解释：

MCC，Mobile Country Code，移动国家代码（中国的为460）；

MNC，Mobile Network Code，移动网络号码（中国移动为0，中国联通为1，中国电信为2）；

LAC，Location Area Code，位置区域码；

CID，Cell Identity，基站编号；

BSSS，Base station signal strength，基站信号强度。

具体实现代码如下：

package com.easipass.test;import java.util.List;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.Context;import android.os.Bundle;import android.telephony.NeighboringCellInfo;import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;import android.telephony.cdma.CdmaCellLocation;import android.telephony.gsm.GsmCellLocation;import android.util.Log;import android.view.View;/** * 功能描述：通过手机信号获取基站信息 * # 通过TelephonyManager 获取lac:mcc:mnc:cell-id * # MCC，Mobile Country Code，移动国家代码（中国的为460）； * # MNC，Mobile Network Code，移动网络号码（中国移动为0，中国联通为1，中国电信为2）；  * # LAC，Location Area Code，位置区域码； * # CID，Cell Identity，基站编号； * # BSSS，Base station signal strength，基站信号强度。 * @author android_ls */public class GSMCellLocationActivity extends Activity {    private static final String TAG = "GSMCellLocationActivity";        @Override    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.main);        // 获取基站信息        findViewById(R.id.button1).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(View v) {                TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager = (TelephonyManager) getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);                // 返回值MCC + MNC                String operator = mTelephonyManager.getNetworkOperator();                int mcc = Integer.parseInt(operator.substring(0, 3));                int mnc = Integer.parseInt(operator.substring(3));                // 中国移动和中国联通获取LAC、CID的方式                GsmCellLocation location = (GsmCellLocation) mTelephonyManager.getCellLocation();                int lac = location.getLac();                int cellId = location.getCid();                Log.i(TAG, " MCC = " + mcc + "\t MNC = " + mnc + "\t LAC = " + lac + "\t CID = " + cellId);                // 中国电信获取LAC、CID的方式                /*CdmaCellLocation location1 = (CdmaCellLocation) mTelephonyManager.getCellLocation();                lac = location1.getNetworkId();                cellId = location1.getBaseStationId();                cellId /= 16;*/                                // 获取邻区基站信息                List<NeighboringCellInfo> infos = mTelephonyManager.getNeighboringCellInfo();                StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("总数 : " + infos.size() + "\n");                for (NeighboringCellInfo info1 : infos) { // 根据邻区总数进行循环                    sb.append(" LAC : " + info1.getLac()); // 取出当前邻区的LAC                    sb.append(" CID : " + info1.getCid()); // 取出当前邻区的CID                    sb.append(" BSSS : " + (-113 + 2 * info1.getRssi()) + "\n"); // 获取邻区基站信号强度                }                Log.i(TAG, " 获取邻区基站信息:" + sb.toString());            }        });    }}

在AndroidManifest.xml添加获取位置信息的权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />

点击“获取基站信息”的按钮后，Logcat的日志输出如下：

1、中国联通：

2、中国移动：

一、通过手机信号获取基站信息-单基站定位

 TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager = (TelephonyManager) getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);                // 返回值MCC + MNC                String operator = mTelephonyManager.getNetworkOperator();                mcc = Integer.parseInt(operator.substring(0, 3));                mnc = Integer.parseInt(operator.substring(3));                // 中国移动和中国联通获取LAC、CID的方式                GsmCellLocation location = (GsmCellLocation) mTelephonyManager.getCellLocation();                lac = location.getLac();                cid = location.getCid();                Log.i(TAG, "MCC = " + mcc + "\t MNC = " + mnc + "\t LAC = " + lac + "\t CID = " + cid);

二、调用第三方公开的API（根据基站信息查找基站的经纬度值及地址信息）

1、组拼JSON形式的请求参数

 /**     * 获取JSON形式的基站信息     * @param mcc 移动国家代码（中国的为460）     * @param mnc 移动网络号码（中国移动为0，中国联通为1，中国电信为2）；      * @param lac 位置区域码     * @param cid 基站编号     * @return json     * @throws JSONException     */    private String getJsonCellPos(int mcc, int mnc, int lac, int cid) throws JSONException {        JSONObject jsonCellPos = new JSONObject();        jsonCellPos.put("version", "1.1.0");        jsonCellPos.put("host", "maps.google.com");        JSONArray array = new JSONArray();        JSONObject json1 = new JSONObject();        json1.put("location_area_code", "" + lac + "");        json1.put("mobile_country_code", "" + mcc + "");        json1.put("mobile_network_code", "" + mnc + "");        json1.put("age", 0);        json1.put("cell_id", "" + cid + "");        array.put(json1);        jsonCellPos.put("cell_towers", array);        return jsonCellPos.toString();    }

2、通过HTTP协议网络请求源码：

request URL:http://www.minigps.net/minigps/map/google/locationRequest Method:POSTStatus Code:200 OKRequest Headersview sourceAccept:application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01Accept-Charset:GBK,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3Accept-Encoding:gzip,deflate,sdchAccept-Language:zh-CN,zh;q=0.8Connection:keep-aliveContent-Length:191Content-Type:application/json; charset=UTF-8Cookie:bdshare_firstime=1356366713546; JSESSIONID=68243935CD3355089CF07A3A22AAB372Host:www.minigps.netOrigin:http://www.minigps.netReferer:http://www.minigps.net/map.htmlUser-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.4 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1229.94 Safari/537.4X-Requested-With:XMLHttpRequestRequest Payload{"cell_towers":[{"mobile_network_code":"1","location_area_code":"43018","cell_id":"11152773","age":0,"mobile_country_code":"460"}],"host":"maps.google.com","version":"1.1.0"}Response Headersview sourceContent-Type:application/jsonDate:Sat, 03 Jan 2013 14:03:15 GMTServer:Apache-Coyote/1.1Transfer-Encoding:chunked

3、用JAVA代码具体实现

 /**     * 调用第三方公开的API根据基站信息查找基站的经纬度值及地址信息     */    public String httpPost(String url, String jsonCellPos) throws IOException{        byte[] data = jsonCellPos.toString().getBytes();        URL realUrl = new URL(url);        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) realUrl.openConnection();        httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(6 * 1000);        httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);        httpURLConnection.setDoInput(true);        httpURLConnection.setUseCaches(false);        httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01");        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "GBK,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3");        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Encoding", "gzip,deflate,sdch");        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8");        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(data.length));        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=UTF-8");        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Host", "www.minigps.net");        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Referer", "http://www.minigps.net/map.html");        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent",                "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.4 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1229.94 Safari/537.4X-Requested-With:XMLHttpRequest");        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest");        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Host", "www.minigps.net");        DataOutputStream outStream = new DataOutputStream(httpURLConnection.getOutputStream());        outStream.write(data);        outStream.flush();        outStream.close();        if (httpURLConnection.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {            InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();            return new String(read(inputStream));        }        return null;    }

4、读取返回的JSON数据流代码：

 /**     * 读取IO流并以byte[]形式存储     * @param inputSream InputStream     * @return byte[]     * @throws IOException     */    public byte[] read(InputStream inputSream) throws IOException {        ByteArrayOutputStream outStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();        int len = -1;        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];        while ((len = inputSream.read(buffer)) != -1) {            outStream.write(buffer, 0, len);        }        outStream.close();        inputSream.close();        return outStream.toByteArray();    }

三、请求参数及返回结果的JSON形式：

1、请求的JSON参数值：

{        "cell_towers":            [             {                 "mobile_network_code":"1",                 "location_area_code":"43018",                 "cell_id":"11152773",                 "age":0,                 "mobile_country_code":"460"             }            ],            "host":"maps.google.com",            "version":"1.1.0"        }

2、返回的JSON结果值：

{     "location":         {             "latitude":"31.211389541625977",             "longitude":"121.60332489013672",             "address":                 {"city":                     "上海市浦东新区居里路432号;浦东新区光启安老院、第一三共制药上海公司、SUNPLUS[附近]",                     "country":"",                     "country_code":"",                     "county":"",                     "postal_code":"",                     "region":"",                     "street":"",                     "street_number":""                 }         },         "access_token":"dummytoken"    }

四、完整代码及所需权限：

Java代码：

{     "location":         {             "latitude":"31.211389541625977",             "longitude":"121.60332489013672",             "address":                 {"city":                     "上海市浦东新区居里路432号;浦东新区光启安老院、第一三共制药上海公司、SUNPLUS[附近]",                     "country":"",                     "country_code":"",                     "county":"",                     "postal_code":"",                     "region":"",                     "street":"",                     "street_number":""                 }         },         "access_token":"dummytoken"    }

在AndroidManifest.xml添加获取位置信息的权限：

package com.easipass.test;import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;import java.io.DataOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.net.HttpURLConnection;import java.net.URL;import org.json.JSONArray;import org.json.JSONException;import org.json.JSONObject;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.Context;import android.os.Bundle;import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;import android.telephony.gsm.GsmCellLocation;import android.util.Log;import android.view.View;/** * 功能描述：单基站定位 * @author android_ls */public class GSMCellLocationActivity extends Activity {    private static final String TAG = "GSMCellLocationActivity";    private int mcc;    private int mnc;    private int lac;    private int cid;    @Override    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.main);        // 获取基站信息        findViewById(R.id.button1).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(View v) {                TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager = (TelephonyManager)     getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);                // 返回值MCC + MNC                String operator = mTelephonyManager.getNetworkOperator();                mcc = Integer.parseInt(operator.substring(0, 3));                mnc = Integer.parseInt(operator.substring(3));                // 中国移动和中国联通获取LAC、CID的方式                GsmCellLocation location = (GsmCellLocation) mTelephonyManager.getCellLocation();                lac = location.getLac();                cid = location.getCid();                Log.i(TAG, "MCC = " + mcc + "\t MNC = " + mnc + "\t LAC = " + lac + "\t CID = " + cid);                new Thread() {                    @Override                    public void run() {                        try {                            String json = getJsonCellPos(mcc, mnc, lac, cid);                            Log.i(TAG, "request = " + json);                            String url = "http://www.minigps.net/minigps/map/google/location";                            String result = httpPost(url, json);                            Log.i(TAG, "result = " + result);                        } catch (Exception e) {                            // TODO Auto-generated catch block                            e.printStackTrace();                        }                    }                }.start();            }        });    }    /**     * 调用第三方公开的API根据基站信息查找基站的经纬度值及地址信息     */    public String httpPost(String url, String jsonCellPos) throws IOException{        byte[] data = jsonCellPos.toString().getBytes();        URL realUrl = new URL(url);        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) realUrl.openConnection();        httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(6 * 1000);        httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);        httpURLConnection.setDoInput(true);        httpURLConnection.setUseCaches(false);        httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01");        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "GBK,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3");        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Encoding", "gzip,deflate,sdch");        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8");        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(data.length));        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=UTF-8");        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Host", "www.minigps.net");        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Referer", "http://www.minigps.net/map.html");        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent",                "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.4 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1229.94 Safari/537.4X-Requested-With:XMLHttpRequest");        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest");        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Host", "www.minigps.net");        DataOutputStream outStream = new DataOutputStream(httpURLConnection.getOutputStream());        outStream.write(data);        outStream.flush();        outStream.close();        if (httpURLConnection.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {            InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();            return new String(read(inputStream));        }        return null;    }    /**     * 获取JSON形式的基站信息     * @param mcc 移动国家代码（中国的为460）     * @param mnc 移动网络号码（中国移动为0，中国联通为1，中国电信为2）；      * @param lac 位置区域码     * @param cid 基站编号     * @return json     * @throws JSONException     */    private String getJsonCellPos(int mcc, int mnc, int lac, int cid) throws JSONException {        JSONObject jsonCellPos = new JSONObject();        jsonCellPos.put("version", "1.1.0");        jsonCellPos.put("host", "maps.google.com");        JSONArray array = new JSONArray();        JSONObject json1 = new JSONObject();        json1.put("location_area_code", "" + lac + "");        json1.put("mobile_country_code", "" + mcc + "");        json1.put("mobile_network_code", "" + mnc + "");        json1.put("age", 0);        json1.put("cell_id", "" + cid + "");        array.put(json1);        jsonCellPos.put("cell_towers", array);        return jsonCellPos.toString();    }    /**     * 读取IO流并以byte[]形式存储     * @param inputSream InputStream     * @return byte[]     * @throws IOException     */    public byte[] read(InputStream inputSream) throws IOException {        ByteArrayOutputStream outStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();        int len = -1;        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];        while ((len = inputSream.read(buffer)) != -1) {            outStream.write(buffer, 0, len);        }        outStream.close();        inputSream.close();        return outStream.toByteArray();    }}

基站：类似于WIFI热点，官方解释，移动通信系统中，连接固定部分与无线部分，并通过空中的无线传输与移动台相连的设备。基站即公用移动通信基站是无线电台站的一种形式，是指在一定的无线电覆盖区中，通过移动通信交换中心，与移动电话终端之间进行信息传递的无线电收发信电台。

单基站定位是指：通过手机获取当前连接到的基站信息，来确定用户的大概位置（用户可能在某个基站（手机当前连接的基站）发出的无线电覆盖区域中）。

三基站或多基站：通过手机获取附近区域的基站信息（不是用户当前连接的基站，得到的是一组基站信息），来确定用户的大概位置。
获取邻区基站信息：

      // 获取邻区基站信息        List<NeighboringCellInfo> infos = mTelephonyManager.getNeighboringCellInfo();        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("总数 : " + infos.size() + "\n");        for (NeighboringCellInfo info1 : infos) { // 根据邻区总数进行循环            sb.append(" LAC : " + info1.getLac()); // 取出当前邻区的LAC            sb.append(" CID : " + info1.getCid()); // 取出当前邻区的CID            sb.append(" BSSS : " + (-113 + 2 * info1.getRssi()) + "\n"); // 获取邻区基站信号强度        }

注：中国联通的基本上获取不到附近的基站，我测的时候使用的是中国移动。

一、探索：

1、我猜想请求参数的Json是这样组装的：

   JSONObject json = new JSONObject();        json.put("version", "1.1.0");        json.put("host", "maps.google.com");        json.put("location_area_code", "6338");        json.put("mobile_country_code", "460");        json.put("mobile_network_code", "0");        json.put("age", 0);                JSONArray array = new JSONArray();        JSONObject json1 = new JSONObject();        json1.put("cell_id", "62291");        json1.put("signal_strength", -95);        array.put(json1);                JSONObject json2 = new JSONObject();        json2.put("cell_id", "62290");        json2.put("signal_strength", -101);        array.put(json2);                json.put("cell_towers", array);

2、组拼好的JSON字符串：

{    "mobile_network_code":"0",    "location_area_code":"6338",    "host":"maps.google.com",    "cell_towers":        [          {             "signal_strength":-95,             "cell_id":"62291"          },          {              "signal_strength":-101,              "cell_id":"62290"           }         ],         "age":0,         "mobile_country_code":"460",         "version":"1.1.0" }

3、通过HTTP请求返回的JSON形式结果：

{    "location":        {            "latitude":"0.0",            "longitude":"0.0",            "address":            {                "city":"基站信息不存在，请从手机上读取正确的基站信息。",                "country":"",                "country_code":""                ,"county":"",                "postal_code":"",                "region":"",                "street":"",                "street_number":""             }         },         "access_token":"dummytoken"   }

二、可行的方式：

1、通过单个附近的基站信息定位：

组装参数：

 /**     * 获取JSON形式的基站信息     * @param mcc 移动国家代码（中国的为460）     * @param mnc 移动网络号码（中国移动为0，中国联通为1，中国电信为2）；      * @param lac 位置区域码     * @param cid 基站编号     * @param bsss 基站信号强度     * @return json     * @throws JSONException     */    private String getJsonCellPos(int mcc, int mnc, int lac, int cid, int bsss) throws JSONException {        JSONObject jsonCellPos = new JSONObject();        jsonCellPos.put("version", "1.1.0");        jsonCellPos.put("host", "maps.google.com");        JSONArray array = new JSONArray();        JSONObject json1 = new JSONObject();        json1.put("location_area_code", "" + lac + "");        json1.put("mobile_country_code", "" + mcc + "");        json1.put("mobile_network_code", "" + mnc + "");        json1.put("age", 0);        json1.put("cell_id", "" + cid + "");        json1.put("signal_strength", bsss);        array.put(json1);        jsonCellPos.put("cell_towers", array);        return jsonCellPos.toString();    }

请求的JSON字符串：

 {            "cell_towers":                [                 {                     "mobile_network_code":"0",                     "location_area_code":"6338",                     "cell_id":"62291",                     "signal_strength":-95,                     "age":0,                     "mobile_country_code":"460"                  }                 ],             "host":"maps.google.com",             "version":"1.1.0"          }

返回JSON形式结果：

 {            "location":            {                "latitude":"31.214667405",                "longitude":"121.59903152499999",                "address":                {                    "city":"上海市浦东新区郭守敬路;上海奥威科技开发公司、科威国际技术转移中心公司、张江高科技园区热力中心[附近]",                    "country":"",                    "country_code":"",                    "county":"",                    "postal_code":"",                    "region":"",                    "street":"",                    "street_number":""                }           },           "access_token":"dummytoken"        }

2、通过多个附近的基站信息定位：

又一次猜想：

请求JSON：

{            "cell_towers":                [                 {                     "mobile_network_code":"0",                     "location_area_code":"6338",                     "cell_id":"62291",                     "signal_strength":-95,                     "age":0,                     "mobile_country_code":"460"                 },                 {                     "mobile_network_code":"0",                     "location_area_code":"6338",                     "cell_id":"62290",                     "signal_strength":-101,                     "age":1,                     "mobile_country_code":"460"                  }                 ],                 "host":"maps.google.com",                 "version":"1.1.0"         }

返回JSON：

{            "location":            {                "latitude":"31.21485922285714",                "longitude":"121.59990774285711",                "address":                {                    "city":"上海市浦东新区郭守敬路276号;上海奥威科技开发公司、科威国际技术转移中心公司、张江高科技园区热力中心[附近]",                    "country":"",                    "country_code":"",                    "county":"",                    "postal_code":"",                    "region":"",                    "street":"",                    "street_number":""                 }            },            "access_token":"dummytoken"        }

结论：第三方服务器端可能有限制，每次只接受JSONArray中的第一个元素。如果要想一次性查找附近多个基站的经纬度及所在的地址，就只能编写for循环，一次一次的访问第三方的服务器。

3、个人观点：所谓的三点定位或多点定位，只是让想知道用户当前位置的人多了一个选择而已。三点定位得到的是三个点，并非是一个比较准确的点。