Introdution to 3D Game Programming With DirectX11 第11章 习题解答
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11.1
这道题要注意使用了line strip，因为以前一直用triangle list,所以在几何渲染的时候容易算错定点描绘的顺序。
贴一些代码，大概就能把这个问题解释清楚了，因为框架还不是特别熟，所以是在原有例子的基础上建立的自己的代码
void TreeBillboardApp::BuildCircleBuffers(){////Create the vertex buffer//std::vector<Vertex::Basic32> vertices(32);for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++){vertices[i].Pos.x = cosf(MathHelper::Pi * i / 16);vertices[i].Pos.y = 0;vertices[i].Pos.z = sinf(MathHelper::Pi * i / 16);XMVECTOR p = XMLoadFloat3(&vertices[i].Pos);XMStoreFloat3(&vertices[i].Normal, XMVector3Normalize(p));vertices[i].Tex.x = i / 32;vertices[i].Tex.y = 0;}D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vbd;vbd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_IMMUTABLE;vbd.ByteWidth = sizeof(Vertex::Basic32) * 32;vbd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;vbd.CPUAccessFlags = 0;vbd.MiscFlags = 0;vbd.StructureByteStride = 0;D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vinitData;vinitData.pSysMem = &vertices[0];HR(md3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&vbd, &vinitData, &mCircleVB));////Create the index buffer//UINT indices[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 0 };D3D11_BUFFER_DESC ibd;ibd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_IMMUTABLE;ibd.ByteWidth = sizeof(UINT)* 33;ibd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER;ibd.CPUAccessFlags = 0;ibd.MiscFlags = 0;ibd.StructureByteStride = 0;D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA iinitData;iinitData.pSysMem = indices;HR(md3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&ibd, &iinitData, &mCircleIB));}void TreeBillboardApp::DrawCircle(CXMMATRIX viewProj){//--------------------------------------------------------------------------////Draw the circle//// Set per object constants.XMMATRIX world = XMLoadFloat4x4(&mCircleWorld);XMMATRIX worldInvTranspose = MathHelper::InverseTranspose(world);XMMATRIX worldViewProj = world*viewProj;Effects::CircleFX->SetWorld(world);Effects::CircleFX->SetWorldInvTranspose(worldInvTranspose);Effects::CircleFX->SetWorldViewProj(worldViewProj);Effects::CircleFX->SetTexTransform(XMMatrixIdentity());Effects::CircleFX->SetMaterial(mBoxMat);Effects::CircleFX->SetDiffuseMap(mBoxMapSRV);Effects::CircleFX->SetDirLights(mDirLights);Effects::CircleFX->SetEyePosW(mEyePosW);Effects::CircleFX->SetFogColor(Colors::Silver);Effects::CircleFX->SetFogStart(15.0f);Effects::CircleFX->SetFogRange(175.0f);md3dImmediateContext->IASetInputLayout(InputLayouts::Basic32);md3dImmediateContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINESTRIP);md3dImmediateContext->RSSetState(RenderStates::WireframeRS);UINT stride1 = sizeof(Vertex::Basic32);UINT offset1 = 0;md3dImmediateContext->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &mCircleVB, &stride1, &offset1);md3dImmediateContext->IASetIndexBuffer(mCircleIB, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0);ID3DX11EffectTechnique* circleTech;D3DX11_TECHNIQUE_DESC techDesc;switch (mRenderOptions){case RenderOptions::Lighting:circleTech = Effects::CircleFX->Light3Tech;break;case RenderOptions::Textures:circleTech = Effects::CircleFX->Light3TexAlphaClipTech;break;case RenderOptions::TexturesAndFog:circleTech = Effects::CircleFX->Light3TexAlphaClipFogTech;break;}circleTech->GetDesc(&techDesc);for (UINT p = 0; p < techDesc.Passes; ++p){//md3dImmediateContext->OMSetBlendState(RenderStates::AlphaToCoverageBS, blendFactor, 0xffffffff);md3dImmediateContext->RSSetState(RenderStates::NoCullRS);circleTech->GetPassByIndex(p)->Apply(0, md3dImmediateContext);md3dImmediateContext->DrawIndexed(33, 0, 0);// Restore default render state.md3dImmediateContext->RSSetState(0);}}还专给那个circle单写了fx，请无视那注释
//=============================================================================// Basic.fx by Frank Luna (C) 2011 All Rights Reserved.//// Basic effect that currently supports transformations, lighting, and texturing.//=============================================================================#include "LightHelper.fx"cbuffer cbPerFrame{DirectionalLight gDirLights[3];float3 gEyePosW;float gFogStart;float gFogRange;float4 gFogColor;};cbuffer cbPerObject{float4x4 gWorld;float4x4 gWorldInvTranspose;float4x4 gWorldViewProj;float4x4 gTexTransform;Material gMaterial;};// Nonnumeric values cannot be added to a cbuffer.Texture2D gDiffuseMap;SamplerState samAnisotropic{Filter = ANISOTROPIC;MaxAnisotropy = 4;AddressU = WRAP;AddressV = WRAP;};struct VertexIn{float3 PosL : POSITION;float3 NormalL : NORMAL;float2 Tex : TEXCOORD;};struct VertexOut{float4 PosH : SV_POSITION;float3 PosW : POSITION;float3 NormalW : NORMAL;float2 Tex : TEXCOORD;};struct GeoOut{float4 PosH : SV_POSITION;float3 PosW : POSITION;float3 NormalW : NORMAL;float2 Tex : TEXCOORD;uint PrimID : SV_PrimitiveID;};VertexOut VS(VertexIn vin){VertexOut vout;// Transform to world space space.vout.PosW = mul(float4(vin.PosL, 1.0f), gWorld).xyz;vout.NormalW = mul(vin.NormalL, (float3x3)gWorldInvTranspose);// Transform to homogeneous clip space.vout.PosH = mul(float4(vin.PosL, 1.0f), gWorldViewProj);// Output vertex attributes for interpolation across triangle.vout.Tex = mul(float4(vin.Tex, 0.0f, 1.0f), gTexTransform).xy;return vout;}[maxvertexcount(4)]void GS(line VertexOut gin[2],uint primID : SV_PrimitiveID,inout TriangleStream<GeoOut> triStream){//// Compute the local coordinate system of the sprite relative to the world// space such that the billboard is aligned with the y-axis and faces the eye.//float3 up = float3(0.0f, 5.0f, 0.0f);//float3 look = gEyePosW - gin[0].CenterW;//look.y = 0.0f; // y-axis aligned, so project to xz-plane//look = normalize(look);//float3 right = cross(up, look);//// Compute triangle strip vertices (quad) in world space.////float halfWidth = 0.5f*gin[0].SizeW.x;//float halfHeight = 0.5f*gin[0].SizeW.y;float4 v[4];v[0] = float4(gin[0].PosW, 1.0f);v[1] = float4(gin[0].PosW + up, 1.0f);v[2] = float4(gin[1].PosW, 1.0f);v[3] = float4(gin[1].PosW + up, 1.0f);float3 n[4];n[0] = gin[0].NormalW;n[1] = gin[0].NormalW;n[2] = gin[1].NormalW;n[3] = gin[1].NormalW;float2 t[4];t[0] = gin[0].Tex;t[1].x = gin[0].Tex.x;t[1].y = 1.0f; t[2] = gin[1].Tex;t[3].x = gin[1].Tex.x;t[3].y = 1.0f;//// Transform quad vertices to world space and output // them as a triangle strip.//GeoOut gout;[unroll]for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i){gout.PosH = mul(v[i], gWorldViewProj);gout.PosW = v[i].xyz;gout.NormalW = n[i].xyz;gout.Tex = t[i].xy;gout.PrimID = primID;triStream.Append(gout);}}float4 PS(GeoOut pin, uniform int gLightCount, uniform bool gUseTexure, uniform bool gAlphaClip, uniform bool gFogEnabled) : SV_Target{// Interpolating normal can unnormalize it, so normalize it.pin.NormalW = normalize(pin.NormalW);// The toEye vector is used in lighting.float3 toEye = gEyePosW - pin.PosW;// Cache the distance to the eye from this surface point.float distToEye = length(toEye);// Normalize.toEye /= distToEye;// Default to multiplicative identity.//float3 uvw = float3(pin.Tex, pin.PrimID % 4);float4 texColor = float4(1, 1, 1, 1);if (gUseTexure){// Sample texture.texColor = gDiffuseMap.Sample(samAnisotropic, pin.Tex);if (gAlphaClip){// Discard pixel if texture alpha < 0.1. Note that we do this// test as soon as possible so that we can potentially exit the shader // early, thereby skipping the rest of the shader code.clip(texColor.a - 0.1f);}}//// Lighting.//float4 litColor = texColor;if (gLightCount > 0){// Start with a sum of zero.float4 ambient = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);float4 diffuse = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);float4 spec = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);// Sum the light contribution from each light source. [unroll]for (int i = 0; i < gLightCount; ++i){float4 A, D, S;ComputeDirectionalLight(gMaterial, gDirLights[i], pin.NormalW, toEye,A, D, S);ambient += A;diffuse += D;spec += S;}// Modulate with late add.litColor = texColor*(ambient + diffuse) + spec;}//// Fogging//if (gFogEnabled){float fogLerp = saturate((distToEye - gFogStart) / gFogRange);// Blend the fog color and the lit color.litColor = lerp(litColor, gFogColor, fogLerp);}// Common to take alpha from diffuse material and texture.litColor.a = gMaterial.Diffuse.a * texColor.a;return litColor;}technique11 Light1{pass P0{SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS()));SetGeometryShader(CompileShader( gs_5_0, GS() ));SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(1, false, false, false)));}}technique11 Light2{pass P0{SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS()));SetGeometryShader(CompileShader( gs_5_0, GS() ));SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(2, false, false, false)));}}technique11 Light3{pass P0{SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS()));SetGeometryShader(CompileShader( gs_5_0, GS() ));SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(3, false, false, false)));}}technique11 Light0Tex{pass P0{SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS()));SetGeometryShader(CompileShader( gs_5_0, GS() ));SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(0, true, false, false)));}}technique11 Light1Tex{pass P0{SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS()));SetGeometryShader(CompileShader( gs_5_0, GS() ));SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(1, true, false, false)));}}technique11 Light2Tex{pass P0{SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS()));SetGeometryShader(CompileShader( gs_5_0, GS() ));SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(2, true, false, false)));}}technique11 Light3Tex{pass P0{SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS()));SetGeometryShader(CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()));SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(3, true, false, false)));}}technique11 Light0TexAlphaClip{pass P0{SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS()));SetGeometryShader(CompileShader( gs_5_0, GS() ));SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(0, true, true, false)));}}technique11 Light1TexAlphaClip{pass P0{SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS()));SetGeometryShader(CompileShader( gs_5_0, GS() ));SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(1, true, true, false)));}}technique11 Light2TexAlphaClip{pass P0{SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS()));SetGeometryShader(CompileShader( gs_5_0, GS() ));SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(2, true, true, false)));}}technique11 Light3TexAlphaClip{pass P0{SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS()));SetGeometryShader(CompileShader( gs_5_0, GS() ));SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(3, true, true, false)));}}technique11 Light1Fog{pass P0{SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS()));SetGeometryShader(CompileShader( gs_5_0, GS() ));SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(1, false, false, true)));}}technique11 Light2Fog{pass P0{SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS()));SetGeometryShader(CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()));SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(2, false, false, true)));}}technique11 Light3Fog{pass P0{SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS()));SetGeometryShader(CompileShader( gs_5_0, GS() ));SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(3, false, false, true)));}}technique11 Light0TexFog{pass P0{SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS()));SetGeometryShader(CompileShader( gs_5_0, GS() ));SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(0, true, false, true)));}}technique11 Light1TexFog{pass P0{SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS()));SetGeometryShader(CompileShader( gs_5_0, GS() ));SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(1, true, false, true)));}}technique11 Light2TexFog{pass P0{SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS()));SetGeometryShader(CompileShader( gs_5_0, GS() ));SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(2, true, false, true)));}}technique11 Light3TexFog{pass P0{SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS()));SetGeometryShader(CompileShader( gs_5_0, GS() ));SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(3, true, false, true)));}}technique11 Light0TexAlphaClipFog{pass P0{SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS()));SetGeometryShader(CompileShader( gs_5_0, GS() ));SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(0, true, true, true)));}}technique11 Light1TexAlphaClipFog{pass P0{SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS()));SetGeometryShader(CompileShader( gs_5_0, GS() ));SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(1, true, true, true)));}}technique11 Light2TexAlphaClipFog{pass P0{SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS()));SetGeometryShader(CompileShader( gs_5_0, GS() ));SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(2, true, true, true)));}}technique11 Light3TexAlphaClipFog{pass P0{SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS()));SetGeometryShader(CompileShader( gs_5_0, GS() ));SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(3, true, true, true)));}}
11.2
Basic.fx
#include "LightHelper.fx" cbuffer cbPerFrame{DirectionalLight gDirLights[3];float3 gEyePosW;float gFogStart;float gFogRange;float4 gFogColor;};cbuffer cbPerObject{float4x4 gWorld;float4x4 gWorldInvTranspose;float4x4 gWorldViewProj;float4x4 gTexTransform;Material gMaterial;};// Nonnumeric values cannot be added to a cbuffer.Texture2D gDiffuseMap;SamplerState samAnisotropic{Filter = ANISOTROPIC;MaxAnisotropy = 4;AddressU = WRAP;AddressV = WRAP;};struct VertexIn{float3 PosL : POSITION;float3 NormalL : NORMAL;float2 Tex : TEXCOORD;};struct VertexOut{ float3 PosL : POSITION; float3 NormalL : NORMAL; float2 Tex : TEXCOORD;};struct GeoOut{ float4 PosH : SV_POSITION; float3 PosW : POSITION; float3 NormalW : NORMAL; float2 Tex : TEXCOORD; float FogLerp : FOG;};VertexOut VS(VertexIn vin){ VertexOut vout; vout.PosL = vin.PosL; vout.NormalL = vin.NormalL; vout.Tex = vin.Tex; return vout;}void SubdivideZero(VertexOut inVerts[3], out VertexOut outVerts[3]){ outVerts[0] = inVerts[0]; outVerts[1] = inVerts[1]; outVerts[2] = inVerts[2];} void Subdivide(VertexOut inVerts[3], out VertexOut outVerts[6]){ VertexOut m[3]; // Compute edge midpoints. m[0].PosL = 0.5f*(inVerts[0].PosL + inVerts[1].PosL); m[1].PosL = 0.5f*(inVerts[1].PosL + inVerts[2].PosL); m[2].PosL = 0.5f*(inVerts[2].PosL + inVerts[0].PosL); // Project onto unit sphere m[0].PosL = normalize(m[0].PosL); m[1].PosL = normalize(m[1].PosL); m[2].PosL = normalize(m[2].PosL); // Derive normals. m[0].NormalL = m[0].PosL; m[1].NormalL = m[1].PosL; m[2].NormalL = m[2].PosL; // Interpolate texture coordinates. m[0].Tex = 0.5f*(inVerts[0].Tex + inVerts[1].Tex); m[1].Tex = 0.5f*(inVerts[1].Tex + inVerts[2].Tex); m[2].Tex = 0.5f*(inVerts[2].Tex + inVerts[0].Tex); outVerts[0] = inVerts[0]; outVerts[1] = m[0]; outVerts[2] = m[2]; outVerts[3] = m[1]; outVerts[4] = inVerts[2]; outVerts[5] = inVerts[1];}void SubdivideTwice(VertexOut inVerts[3], out VertexOut outVerts[15]){ VertexOut m[12]; // Compute edge midpoints. m[0].PosL = 0.75f * inVerts[0].PosL + 0.25 * inVerts[2].PosL; m[1].PosL = 0.5f * inVerts[0].PosL + 0.5 * inVerts[2].PosL; m[2].PosL = 0.25f * inVerts[0].PosL + 0.75 * inVerts[2].PosL; m[3].PosL = 0.75f * inVerts[2].PosL + 0.25 * inVerts[1].PosL; m[4].PosL = 0.5f * inVerts[2].PosL + 0.5 * inVerts[1].PosL; m[5].PosL = 0.25f * inVerts[2].PosL + 0.75 * inVerts[1].PosL; m[6].PosL = 0.75f * inVerts[1].PosL + 0.25 * inVerts[0].PosL; m[7].PosL = 0.5f * inVerts[1].PosL + 0.5 * inVerts[0].PosL; m[8].PosL = 0.25f * inVerts[1].PosL + 0.75 * inVerts[0].PosL; m[9].PosL = 0.5f * m[4].PosL + 0.5 * m[7].PosL; m[10].PosL = 0.5f * m[1].PosL + 0.5 * m[7].PosL; m[11].PosL = 0.5f * m[1].PosL + 0.5 * m[4].PosL; // Project onto unit sphere m[0].PosL = normalize(m[0].PosL); m[1].PosL = normalize(m[1].PosL); m[2].PosL = normalize(m[2].PosL); m[3].PosL = normalize(m[3].PosL); m[4].PosL = normalize(m[4].PosL); m[5].PosL = normalize(m[5].PosL); m[6].PosL = normalize(m[6].PosL); m[7].PosL = normalize(m[7].PosL); m[8].PosL = normalize(m[8].PosL); m[9].PosL = normalize(m[9].PosL); m[10].PosL = normalize(m[10].PosL); m[11].PosL = normalize(m[11].PosL); // Derive normals. m[0].NormalL = m[0].PosL; m[1].NormalL = m[1].PosL; m[2].NormalL = m[2].PosL; m[3].NormalL = m[3].PosL; m[4].NormalL = m[4].PosL; m[5].NormalL = m[5].PosL; m[6].NormalL = m[6].PosL; m[7].NormalL = m[7].PosL; m[8].NormalL = m[8].PosL; m[9].NormalL = m[9].PosL; m[10].NormalL = m[10].PosL; m[11].NormalL = m[11].PosL; // Interpolate texture coordinates. m[0].Tex = 0.75f * inVerts[0].Tex + 0.25 * inVerts[2].Tex; m[1].Tex = 0.5f * inVerts[0].Tex + 0.5 * inVerts[2].Tex; m[2].Tex = 0.25f * inVerts[0].Tex + 0.75 * inVerts[2].Tex; m[3].Tex = 0.75f * inVerts[2].Tex + 0.25 * inVerts[1].Tex; m[4].Tex = 0.5f * inVerts[2].Tex + 0.5 * inVerts[1].Tex; m[5].Tex = 0.25f * inVerts[2].Tex + 0.75 * inVerts[1].Tex; m[6].Tex = 0.75f * inVerts[1].Tex + 0.25 * inVerts[0].Tex; m[7].Tex = 0.5f * inVerts[1].Tex + 0.5 * inVerts[0].Tex; m[8].Tex = 0.25f * inVerts[1].Tex + 0.75 * inVerts[0].Tex; m[9].Tex = 0.5f * m[4].Tex + 0.5 * m[7].Tex; m[10].Tex = 0.5f * m[1].Tex + 0.5 * m[7].Tex; m[11].Tex = 0.5f * m[1].Tex + 0.5 * m[4].Tex; outVerts[0] = inVerts[0]; outVerts[1] = m[0]; outVerts[2] = m[1]; outVerts[3] = m[2]; outVerts[4] = inVerts[2]; outVerts[5] = m[3]; outVerts[6] = m[4]; outVerts[7] = m[5]; outVerts[8] = inVerts[1]; outVerts[9] = m[6]; outVerts[10] = m[7]; outVerts[11] = m[8]; outVerts[12] = m[9]; outVerts[13] = m[10]; outVerts[14] = m[11];}void OutputSubdivisionZero(VertexOut v[3], inout TriangleStream<GeoOut> triStream){ GeoOut gout[3]; [unroll] for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) { // Transorm to world space space. gout[i].PosW = mul(float4(v[i].PosL, 1.0f), gWorld).xyz; gout[i].NormalW = mul(v[i].NormalL, (float3x3)gWorldInvTranspose); // Transform to homogeneous clip space. gout[i].PosH = mul(float4(v[i].PosL, 1.0f), gWorldViewProj); gout[i].Tex = v[i].Tex; } [unroll] for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) { triStream.Append(gout[j]); }}void OutputSubdivision(VertexOut v[6], inout TriangleStream<GeoOut> triStream){ GeoOut gout[6]; [unroll] for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) { // Transorm to world space space. gout[i].PosW = mul(float4(v[i].PosL, 1.0f), gWorld).xyz; gout[i].NormalW = mul(v[i].NormalL, (float3x3)gWorldInvTranspose); // Transform to homogeneous clip space. gout[i].PosH = mul(float4(v[i].PosL, 1.0f), gWorldViewProj); gout[i].Tex = v[i].Tex; } [unroll] for (int j = 0; j < 5; ++j) { triStream.Append(gout[j]); } triStream.RestartStrip(); triStream.Append(gout[1]); triStream.Append(gout[5]); triStream.Append(gout[3]);}void OutputSubdivisionTwice(VertexOut v[15], inout TriangleStream<GeoOut> triStream){ GeoOut gout[15]; [unroll] for (int i = 0; i < 15; ++i) { // Transorm to world space space. gout[i].PosW = mul(float4(v[i].PosL, 1.0f), gWorld).xyz; gout[i].NormalW = mul(v[i].NormalL, (float3x3)gWorldInvTranspose); // Transform to homogeneous clip space. gout[i].PosH = mul(float4(v[i].PosL, 1.0f), gWorldViewProj); gout[i].Tex = v[i].Tex; } triStream.Append(gout[0]); triStream.Append(gout[11]); triStream.Append(gout[1]); triStream.Append(gout[13]); triStream.Append(gout[2]); triStream.Append(gout[14]); triStream.Append(gout[3]); triStream.Append(gout[5]); triStream.Append(gout[4]); triStream.RestartStrip(); triStream.Append(gout[11]); triStream.Append(gout[10]); triStream.Append(gout[13]); triStream.Append(gout[12]); triStream.Append(gout[14]); triStream.Append(gout[6]); triStream.Append(gout[5]); triStream.RestartStrip(); triStream.Append(gout[10]); triStream.Append(gout[9]); triStream.Append(gout[12]); triStream.Append(gout[7]); triStream.Append(gout[6]); triStream.RestartStrip(); triStream.Append(gout[9]); triStream.Append(gout[8]); triStream.Append(gout[7]);}[maxvertexcount(24)]void GS(triangle VertexOut gin[3], inout TriangleStream<GeoOut> triStream){ if (length(gEyePosW) >= 30) { VertexOut v[3]; SubdivideZero(gin, v); OutputSubdivisionZero(v, triStream); } else if ((length(gEyePosW) >= 15)) { VertexOut v[6]; Subdivide(gin, v); OutputSubdivision(v, triStream); }else { VertexOut v[15]; SubdivideTwice(gin, v); OutputSubdivisionTwice(v, triStream); }}float4 PS(GeoOut pin, uniform int gLightCount, uniform bool gUseTexure, uniform bool gAlphaClip, uniform bool gFogEnabled) : SV_Target{// Interpolating normal can unnormalize it, so normalize it. pin.NormalW = normalize(pin.NormalW);// The toEye vector is used in lighting.float3 toEye = gEyePosW - pin.PosW;// Cache the distance to the eye from this surface point.float distToEye = length(toEye);// Normalize.toEye /= distToEye; // Default to multiplicative identity. float4 texColor = float4(1, 1, 1, 1); if(gUseTexure){// Sample texture.texColor = gDiffuseMap.Sample( samAnisotropic, pin.Tex );if(gAlphaClip){// Discard pixel if texture alpha < 0.1. Note that we do this// test as soon as possible so that we can potentially exit the shader // early, thereby skipping the rest of the shader code.clip(texColor.a - 0.1f);}} //// Lighting.//float4 litColor = texColor;if( gLightCount > 0 ){// Start with a sum of zero.float4 ambient = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);float4 diffuse = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);float4 spec = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);// Sum the light contribution from each light source. [unroll]for(int i = 0; i < gLightCount; ++i){float4 A, D, S;ComputeDirectionalLight(gMaterial, gDirLights[i], pin.NormalW, toEye, A, D, S);ambient += A;diffuse += D;spec += S;}// Modulate with late add.litColor = texColor*(ambient + diffuse) + spec;}//// Fogging//if( gFogEnabled ){float fogLerp = saturate( (distToEye - gFogStart) / gFogRange ); // Blend the fog color and the lit color.litColor = lerp(litColor, gFogColor, fogLerp);}// Common to take alpha from diffuse material and texture.litColor.a = gMaterial.Diffuse.a * texColor.a; return litColor;}technique11 Light1{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_5_0, VS() ) ); SetGeometryShader(CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS())); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(1, false, false, false) ) ); }}technique11 Light2{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_5_0, VS() ) );SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(2, false, false, false) ) ); }}technique11 Light3{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_5_0, VS() ) );SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(3, false, false, false) ) ); }}technique11 Light0Tex{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_5_0, VS() ) );SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(0, true, false, false) ) ); }}technique11 Light1Tex{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_5_0, VS() ) );SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(1, true, false, false) ) ); }}technique11 Light2Tex{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_5_0, VS() ) );SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(2, true, false, false) ) ); }}technique11 Light3Tex{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_5_0, VS() ) );SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(3, true, false, false) ) ); }}technique11 Light0TexAlphaClip{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_5_0, VS() ) );SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(0, true, true, false) ) ); }}technique11 Light1TexAlphaClip{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_5_0, VS() ) );SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(1, true, true, false) ) ); }}technique11 Light2TexAlphaClip{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_5_0, VS() ) );SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(2, true, true, false) ) ); }}technique11 Light3TexAlphaClip{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_5_0, VS() ) );SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(3, true, true, false) ) ); }}technique11 Light1Fog{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_5_0, VS() ) );SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(1, false, false, true) ) ); }}technique11 Light2Fog{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_5_0, VS() ) );SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(2, false, false, true) ) ); }}technique11 Light3Fog{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_5_0, VS() ) );SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(3, false, false, true) ) ); }}technique11 Light0TexFog{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_5_0, VS() ) );SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(0, true, false, true) ) ); }}technique11 Light1TexFog{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_5_0, VS() ) );SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(1, true, false, true) ) ); }}technique11 Light2TexFog{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_5_0, VS() ) );SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(2, true, false, true) ) ); }}technique11 Light3TexFog{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_5_0, VS() ) );SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(3, true, false, true) ) ); }}technique11 Light0TexAlphaClipFog{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_5_0, VS() ) );SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(0, true, true, true) ) ); }}technique11 Light1TexAlphaClipFog{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_5_0, VS() ) );SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(1, true, true, true) ) ); }}technique11 Light2TexAlphaClipFog{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_5_0, VS() ) );SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(2, true, true, true) ) ); }}technique11 Light3TexAlphaClipFog{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_5_0, VS() ) );SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(3, true, true, true) ) ); }}LightHelper.fx//***************************************************************************************// LightHelper.fx by Frank Luna (C) 2011 All Rights Reserved.//// Structures and functions for lighting calculations.//***************************************************************************************struct DirectionalLight{float4 Ambient;float4 Diffuse;float4 Specular;float3 Direction;float pad;};struct PointLight{ float4 Ambient;float4 Diffuse;float4 Specular;float3 Position;float Range;float3 Att;float pad;};struct SpotLight{float4 Ambient;float4 Diffuse;float4 Specular;float3 Position;float Range;float3 Direction;float Spot;float3 Att;float pad;};struct Material{float4 Ambient;float4 Diffuse;float4 Specular; // w = SpecPowerfloat4 Reflect;};//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------// Computes the ambient, diffuse, and specular terms in the lighting equation// from a directional light. We need to output the terms separately because// later we will modify the individual terms.//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------void ComputeDirectionalLight(Material mat, DirectionalLight L, float3 normal, float3 toEye, out float4 ambient, out float4 diffuse, out float4 spec){// Initialize outputs.ambient = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);diffuse = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);spec = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);// The light vector aims opposite the direction the light rays travel.float3 lightVec = -L.Direction;// Add ambient term.ambient = mat.Ambient * L.Ambient;// Add diffuse and specular term, provided the surface is in // the line of site of the light.float diffuseFactor = dot(lightVec, normal);// Flatten to avoid dynamic branching.[flatten]if( diffuseFactor > 0.0f ){float3 v = reflect(-lightVec, normal);float specFactor = pow(max(dot(v, toEye), 0.0f), mat.Specular.w);diffuse = diffuseFactor * mat.Diffuse * L.Diffuse;spec = specFactor * mat.Specular * L.Specular;}}//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------// Computes the ambient, diffuse, and specular terms in the lighting equation// from a point light. We need to output the terms separately because// later we will modify the individual terms.//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------void ComputePointLight(Material mat, PointLight L, float3 pos, float3 normal, float3 toEye, out float4 ambient, out float4 diffuse, out float4 spec){// Initialize outputs.ambient = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);diffuse = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);spec = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);// The vector from the surface to the light.float3 lightVec = L.Position - pos;// The distance from surface to light.float d = length(lightVec);// Range test.if( d > L.Range )return;// Normalize the light vector.lightVec /= d; // Ambient term.ambient = mat.Ambient * L.Ambient;// Add diffuse and specular term, provided the surface is in // the line of site of the light.float diffuseFactor = dot(lightVec, normal);// Flatten to avoid dynamic branching.[flatten]if( diffuseFactor > 0.0f ){float3 v = reflect(-lightVec, normal);float specFactor = pow(max(dot(v, toEye), 0.0f), mat.Specular.w);diffuse = diffuseFactor * mat.Diffuse * L.Diffuse;spec = specFactor * mat.Specular * L.Specular;}// Attenuatefloat att = 1.0f / dot(L.Att, float3(1.0f, d, d*d));diffuse *= att;spec *= att;}//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------// Computes the ambient, diffuse, and specular terms in the lighting equation// from a spotlight. We need to output the terms separately because// later we will modify the individual terms.//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------void ComputeSpotLight(Material mat, SpotLight L, float3 pos, float3 normal, float3 toEye, out float4 ambient, out float4 diffuse, out float4 spec){// Initialize outputs.ambient = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);diffuse = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);spec = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);// The vector from the surface to the light.float3 lightVec = L.Position - pos;// The distance from surface to light.float d = length(lightVec);// Range test.if( d > L.Range )return;// Normalize the light vector.lightVec /= d; // Ambient term.ambient = mat.Ambient * L.Ambient;// Add diffuse and specular term, provided the surface is in // the line of site of the light.float diffuseFactor = dot(lightVec, normal);// Flatten to avoid dynamic branching.[flatten]if( diffuseFactor > 0.0f ){float3 v = reflect(-lightVec, normal);float specFactor = pow(max(dot(v, toEye), 0.0f), mat.Specular.w);diffuse = diffuseFactor * mat.Diffuse * L.Diffuse;spec = specFactor * mat.Specular * L.Specular;}// Scale by spotlight factor and attenuate.float spot = pow(max(dot(-lightVec, L.Direction), 0.0f), L.Spot);// Scale by spotlight factor and attenuate.float att = spot / dot(L.Att, float3(1.0f, d, d*d));ambient *= spot;diffuse *= att;spec *= att;} Effects.h#ifndef EFFECTS_H#define EFFECTS_H#include "d3dUtil.h"#pragma region Effectclass Effect{public: Effect(ID3D11Device* device, const std::wstring& filename); virtual ~Effect();private: Effect(const Effect& rhs); Effect& operator=(const Effect& rhs);protected: ID3DX11Effect* mFX;};#pragma endregion#pragma region BasicEffectclass BasicEffect : public Effect{public: BasicEffect(ID3D11Device* device, const std::wstring& filename); ~BasicEffect(); void SetWorldViewProj(CXMMATRIX M) { WorldViewProj->SetMatrix(reinterpret_cast<const float*>(&M)); } void SetWorld(CXMMATRIX M) { World->SetMatrix(reinterpret_cast<const float*>(&M)); } void SetWorldInvTranspose(CXMMATRIX M) { WorldInvTranspose->SetMatrix(reinterpret_cast<const float*>(&M)); } void SetTexTransform(CXMMATRIX M) { TexTransform->SetMatrix(reinterpret_cast<const float*>(&M)); } void SetEyePosW(const XMFLOAT3& v) { EyePosW->SetRawValue(&v, 0, sizeof(XMFLOAT3)); } void SetDirLight(const DirectionalLight* lights) { DirLights->SetRawValue(lights, 0, 3 * sizeof(DirectionalLight)); } void SetMatrial(const Material& mat) { Mat->SetRawValue(&mat, 0, sizeof(Material)); } void SetDiffuseMap(ID3D11ShaderResourceView* tex) { DiffuseMap->SetResource(tex); } ID3DX11EffectTechnique* Light1Tech; ID3DX11EffectTechnique* Light2Tech; ID3DX11EffectTechnique* Light3Tech; ID3DX11EffectMatrixVariable* WorldViewProj; ID3DX11EffectMatrixVariable* World; ID3DX11EffectMatrixVariable* WorldInvTranspose; ID3DX11EffectMatrixVariable* TexTransform; ID3DX11EffectVectorVariable* EyePosW; ID3DX11EffectVariable* DirLights; ID3DX11EffectVariable* Mat; ID3DX11EffectShaderResourceVariable* DiffuseMap;};#pragma endregion#pragma region Effectsclass Effects{public: static void InitAll(ID3D11Device* device); static void DestroyAll(); static BasicEffect* BasicFX;};#pragma endregion#endifRenderStates.h#ifndef RENDERSTATES_H#define RENDERSTATES_H#include "d3dUtil.h"class RenderStates{public: static void InitAll(ID3D11Device* device); static void DestroyAll(); // Rasterize states static ID3D11RasterizerState* WireframeRS; static ID3D11RasterizerState* NoCullRS; static ID3D11RasterizerState* CullClockwiseRS; // Blend states static ID3D11BlendState* AlphaToCoverageBS; static ID3D11BlendState* TransparentBS; static ID3D11BlendState* NoRenderTargetWritesBS; // Depth/stencil states};#endifVertex.h#ifndef VERTEX_H#define VERTEX_H#include "d3dUtil.h"namespace Vertex{// Basic 32-byte vertex structure.struct Basic32{Basic32() : Pos(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), Normal(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), Tex(0.0f, 0.0f) {}Basic32(const XMFLOAT3& p, const XMFLOAT3& n, const XMFLOAT2& uv): Pos(p), Normal(n), Tex(uv) {}Basic32(float px, float py, float pz, float nx, float ny, float nz, float u, float v): Pos(px, py, pz), Normal(nx, ny, nz), Tex(u, v) {}XMFLOAT3 Pos;XMFLOAT3 Normal;XMFLOAT2 Tex;};}class InputLayoutDesc{public:// Init like const int A::a[4] = {0, 1, 2, 3}; in .cpp file.static const D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC Basic32[3];};class InputLayouts{public: static void InitAll(ID3D11Device* device); static void DestroyAll(); static ID3D11InputLayout* Basic32;};#endifEffects.cpp#include "Effects.h"#pragma region EffectEffect::Effect(ID3D11Device* device, const std::wstring& filename) : mFX(0){ std::ifstream fin(filename, std::ios::binary); fin.seekg(0, std::ios_base::end); int size = (int)fin.tellg(); fin.seekg(0, std::ios_base::beg); std::vector<char> compiledShader(size); fin.read(&compiledShader[0], size); fin.close(); HR(D3DX11CreateEffectFromMemory(&compiledShader[0], size, 0, device, &mFX));}Effect::~Effect(){ ReleaseCOM(mFX);}#pragma endregion#pragma region BasicEffectBasicEffect::BasicEffect(ID3D11Device* device, const std::wstring& filename): Effect(device, filename){ Light1Tech = mFX->GetTechniqueByName("Light1"); Light2Tech = mFX->GetTechniqueByName("Light2"); Light3Tech = mFX->GetTechniqueByName("Light3"); WorldViewProj = mFX->GetVariableByName("gWorldViewProj")->AsMatrix(); World = mFX->GetVariableByName("gWorld")->AsMatrix(); WorldInvTranspose = mFX->GetVariableByName("gWorldInvTranspose")->AsMatrix(); TexTransform = mFX->GetVariableByName("gTexTransform")->AsMatrix(); EyePosW = mFX->GetVariableByName("gEyePosW")->AsVector(); DirLights = mFX->GetVariableByName("gDirLights"); Mat = mFX->GetVariableByName("gMaterial"); DiffuseMap = mFX->GetVariableByName("gDiffuseMap")->AsShaderResource();}BasicEffect::~BasicEffect(){}#pragma endregion#pragma region EffectsBasicEffect* Effects::BasicFX = 0;void Effects::InitAll(ID3D11Device* device){ BasicFX = new BasicEffect(device, L"FX/Basic.fxo");}void Effects::DestroyAll(){ SafeDelete(BasicFX);}#pragma endregionMain.cpp#include "d3dApp.h"#include "d3dx11Effect.h"#include "GeometryGenerator.h"#include "MathHelper.h"#include "Effects.h"#include "Vertex.h"#include "RenderStates.h"enum RenderOptions{Lit = 0,Lit2 = 1,};enum TextureOptions{ Wireframe = 0, Color = 1,};class Icosahedron : public D3DApp{public: Icosahedron(HINSTANCE hInstance); ~Icosahedron();bool Init();void OnResize();void UpdateScene(float dt);void DrawScene(); void OnMouseDown(WPARAM btnState, int x, int y);void OnMouseUp(WPARAM btnState, int x, int y);void OnMouseMove(WPARAM btnState, int x, int y);private: void BuildIcosahedronGeometryBuffers();private: ID3D11Buffer* mIcosahedronVB; ID3D11Buffer* mIcosahedronIB;ID3D11ShaderResourceView* mIcosahedronMapSRV; DirectionalLight mDirLights[3]; Material mIcosahedronMat; XMFLOAT4X4 mIcosahedronWorld;UINT mIcosahedronIndexCount; XMFLOAT4X4 mView; XMFLOAT4X4 mProj; RenderOptions mRenderOptions; TextureOptions mTexOptions; XMFLOAT3 mEyePosW;float mTheta;float mPhi;float mRadius;POINT mLastMousePos;};int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE prevInstance, PSTR cmdLine, int showCmd){#if defined(DEBUG) | defined(_DEBUG) _CrtSetDbgFlag(_CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF | _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF);#endif Icosahedron theApp(hInstance); if (!theApp.Init()) return 0; return theApp.Run();}Icosahedron::Icosahedron(HINSTANCE hInstance): D3DApp(hInstance), mIcosahedronVB(0), mIcosahedronIB(0), mEyePosW(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), mRenderOptions(RenderOptions::Lit),mIcosahedronIndexCount(0), mTheta(1.3f*MathHelper::Pi), mPhi(0.4f*MathHelper::Pi), mRadius(80.0f), mTexOptions(TextureOptions::Color){ mMainWndCaption = L"Icosahedron"; mEnable4xMsaa = true; mLastMousePos.x = 0; mLastMousePos.y = 0; XMMATRIX I = XMMatrixIdentity(); XMStoreFloat4x4(&mView, I); XMStoreFloat4x4(&mProj, I); XMMATRIX icosahedronScale = XMMatrixScaling(5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f); XMMATRIX icosahedronOffset = XMMatrixTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); XMStoreFloat4x4(&mIcosahedronWorld, icosahedronScale*icosahedronOffset); mDirLights[0].Ambient = XMFLOAT4(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f); mDirLights[0].Diffuse = XMFLOAT4(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f); mDirLights[0].Specular = XMFLOAT4(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f); mDirLights[0].Direction = XMFLOAT3(0.57735f, -0.57735f, 0.57735f); mDirLights[1].Ambient = XMFLOAT4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); mDirLights[1].Diffuse = XMFLOAT4(0.20f, 0.20f, 0.20f, 1.0f); mDirLights[1].Specular = XMFLOAT4(0.25f, 0.25f, 0.25f, 1.0f); mDirLights[1].Direction = XMFLOAT3(-0.57735f, -0.57735f, 0.57735f); mDirLights[2].Ambient = XMFLOAT4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); mDirLights[2].Diffuse = XMFLOAT4(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f); mDirLights[2].Specular = XMFLOAT4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); mDirLights[2].Direction = XMFLOAT3(0.0f, -0.707f, -0.707f); mIcosahedronMat.Ambient = XMFLOAT4(0.48f, 0.77f, 0.46f, 1.0f); mIcosahedronMat.Diffuse = XMFLOAT4(0.48f, 0.77f, 0.46f, 1.0f); mIcosahedronMat.Specular = XMFLOAT4(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 16.0f);}Icosahedron::~Icosahedron(){ md3dImmediateContext->ClearState(); ReleaseCOM(mIcosahedronVB); ReleaseCOM(mIcosahedronIB); Effects::DestroyAll(); InputLayouts::DestroyAll(); RenderStates::DestroyAll();}bool Icosahedron::Init(){if (!D3DApp::Init())return false;Effects::InitAll(md3dDevice);InputLayouts::InitAll(md3dDevice);RenderStates::InitAll(md3dDevice);BuildIcosahedronGeometryBuffers();return true;}void Icosahedron::OnResize(){D3DApp::OnResize();XMMATRIX P = XMMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(0.25f*MathHelper::Pi, AspectRatio(), 1.0f, 1000.0f);XMStoreFloat4x4(&mProj, P);}void Icosahedron::UpdateScene(float dt){float x = mRadius*sinf(mPhi)*cosf(mTheta);float z = mRadius*sinf(mPhi)*sinf(mTheta);float y = mRadius*cosf(mPhi);mEyePosW = XMFLOAT3(x, y, z); // Build the view matrix.XMVECTOR pos = XMVectorSet(x, y, z, 1.0f);XMVECTOR target = XMVectorZero();XMVECTOR up = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);XMMATRIX V = XMMatrixLookAtLH(pos, target, up);XMStoreFloat4x4(&mView, V);//// Switch the render mode based in key input//if (GetAsyncKeyState('1') & 0x8000)mRenderOptions = RenderOptions::Lit;if (GetAsyncKeyState('2') & 0x8000)mRenderOptions = RenderOptions::Lit2; if (GetAsyncKeyState('W') & 0x8000) mTexOptions = TextureOptions::Wireframe; if (GetAsyncKeyState('C') & 0x8000) mTexOptions = TextureOptions::Color;}void Icosahedron::DrawScene(){md3dImmediateContext->ClearRenderTargetView(mRenderTargetView, reinterpret_cast<const float*>(&Colors::Silver));md3dImmediateContext->ClearDepthStencilView(mDepthStencilView, D3D11_CLEAR_DEPTH | D3D11_CLEAR_STENCIL, 1.0f, 0);md3dImmediateContext->IASetInputLayout(InputLayouts::Basic32);md3dImmediateContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST);XMMATRIX view = XMLoadFloat4x4(&mView);XMMATRIX proj = XMLoadFloat4x4(&mProj);XMMATRIX viewProj = view*proj; Effects::BasicFX->SetEyePosW(mEyePosW); Effects::BasicFX->SetDirLight(mDirLights);//// Figure out which technique to use//ID3DX11EffectTechnique* IcosahedronTech;switch (mRenderOptions){case RenderOptions::Lit:IcosahedronTech = Effects::BasicFX->Light1Tech;break;case RenderOptions::Lit2:IcosahedronTech = Effects::BasicFX->Light2Tech;break;}UINT stride = sizeof(Vertex::Basic32);UINT offset = 0;D3DX11_TECHNIQUE_DESC techDesc;//// DraW the icosahedron.//IcosahedronTech->GetDesc(&techDesc);for (UINT p = 0; p < techDesc.Passes; ++p){md3dImmediateContext->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &mIcosahedronVB, &stride, &offset);md3dImmediateContext->IASetIndexBuffer(mIcosahedronIB, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0);// Set per object constants.XMMATRIX world = XMLoadFloat4x4(&mIcosahedronWorld);XMMATRIX worldInvTranspose = MathHelper::InverseTranspose(world);XMMATRIX worldViewProj = world*view*proj;Effects::BasicFX->SetWorld(world);Effects::BasicFX->SetWorldInvTranspose(worldInvTranspose);Effects::BasicFX->SetWorldViewProj(worldViewProj);Effects::BasicFX->SetTexTransform(XMMatrixIdentity());Effects::BasicFX->SetMatrial(mIcosahedronMat);//Effects::BasicFX->SetDiffuseMap(mIcosahedronMapSRV); switch (mTexOptions) { case TextureOptions::Color: md3dImmediateContext->RSSetState(RenderStates::NoCullRS); break; case TextureOptions::Wireframe: md3dImmediateContext->RSSetState(RenderStates::WireframeRS); break; }IcosahedronTech->GetPassByIndex(p)->Apply(0, md3dImmediateContext);md3dImmediateContext->DrawIndexed(mIcosahedronIndexCount, 0, 0);// Restore default render state.md3dImmediateContext->RSSetState(0);}HR(mSwapChain->Present(0, 0));}void Icosahedron::OnMouseDown(WPARAM btnState, int x, int y){mLastMousePos.x = x;mLastMousePos.y = y;SetCapture(mhMainWnd);}void Icosahedron::OnMouseUp(WPARAM btnState, int x, int y){ReleaseCapture();}void Icosahedron::OnMouseMove(WPARAM btnState, int x, int y){if ((btnState & MK_LBUTTON) != 0){// Make each pixel correspond to a quater of a degree.float dx = XMConvertToRadians(0.25f*static_cast<float>(x - mLastMousePos.x));float dy = XMConvertToRadians(0.25f*static_cast<float>(y - mLastMousePos.y));// Update angles based on input to orbit camera around box.mTheta += dx;mPhi += dy;// Restric the angle mPhi.mPhi = MathHelper::Clamp(mPhi, 0.1f, MathHelper::Pi - 0.1f);}else if ((btnState & MK_RBUTTON) != 0){// Make each pixel correspond to 0.01 unit in the scene.float dx = 0.1f*static_cast<float>(x - mLastMousePos.x);float dy = 0.1f*static_cast<float>(y - mLastMousePos.y);//Update the camera radius based on inputs.mRadius += dx - dy;// Restrict the radius.mRadius = MathHelper::Clamp(mRadius, 10.0f, 500.0f);}mLastMousePos.x = x;mLastMousePos.y = y;}void Icosahedron::BuildIcosahedronGeometryBuffers(){GeometryGenerator::MeshData icosahedron;GeometryGenerator geoGen;geoGen.CreateGeosphere(1.0f, 0u, icosahedron);//// Extract the vertex elements we are interested in and pack the// vertices of all the meshes into one vertex buffer//std::vector<Vertex::Basic32> vertices(icosahedron.Vertices.size());for (UINT i = 0; i < icosahedron.Vertices.size(); ++i){vertices[i].Pos = icosahedron.Vertices[i].Position;vertices[i].Normal = icosahedron.Vertices[i].Normal;vertices[i].Tex = icosahedron.Vertices[i].TexC;}D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vbd;vbd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_IMMUTABLE;vbd.ByteWidth = sizeof(Vertex::Basic32) * icosahedron.Vertices.size();vbd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;vbd.CPUAccessFlags = 0;vbd.MiscFlags = 0;D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vinitData;vinitData.pSysMem = &vertices[0];HR(md3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&vbd, &vinitData, &mIcosahedronVB));//// Pack the indices of all the meshes into one index buffer.//D3D11_BUFFER_DESC ibd;ibd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_IMMUTABLE;ibd.ByteWidth = sizeof(UINT)* icosahedron.Indices.size(); ibd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER;ibd.CPUAccessFlags = 0;ibd.MiscFlags = 0;D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA iinitData;iinitData.pSysMem = &icosahedron.Indices[0];mIcosahedronIndexCount = icosahedron.Indices.size();HR(md3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&ibd, &iinitData, &mIcosahedronIB));}RenderStates.cpp#include "RenderStates.h"ID3D11RasterizerState* RenderStates::WireframeRS = 0;ID3D11RasterizerState* RenderStates::NoCullRS = 0;ID3D11RasterizerState* RenderStates::CullClockwiseRS = 0;ID3D11BlendState* RenderStates::AlphaToCoverageBS = 0;ID3D11BlendState* RenderStates::TransparentBS = 0;ID3D11BlendState* RenderStates::NoRenderTargetWritesBS = 0;void RenderStates::InitAll(ID3D11Device* device){ // // WireframeRS // D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC wireframeDesc; ZeroMemory(&wireframeDesc, sizeof(D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC)); wireframeDesc.FillMode = D3D11_FILL_WIREFRAME; wireframeDesc.CullMode = D3D11_CULL_BACK; wireframeDesc.FrontCounterClockwise = false; wireframeDesc.DepthClipEnable = true; HR(device->CreateRasterizerState(&wireframeDesc, &WireframeRS)); // // NoCullRS // D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC noCullDesc; ZeroMemory(&noCullDesc, sizeof(D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC)); noCullDesc.FillMode = D3D11_FILL_SOLID; noCullDesc.CullMode = D3D11_CULL_NONE; noCullDesc.FrontCounterClockwise = false; noCullDesc.DepthClipEnable = true; HR(device->CreateRasterizerState(&noCullDesc, &NoCullRS)); // // CullClockwiseRS // // Note: Define such that we still cull backfaces by making front faces CCW. // If we did not cull bacefaces, then we have to worry about the BackFace // property in the D3D11_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC cullClockwiseDesc; ZeroMemory(&cullClockwiseDesc, sizeof(D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC)); cullClockwiseDesc.FillMode = D3D11_FILL_SOLID; cullClockwiseDesc.CullMode = D3D11_CULL_BACK; cullClockwiseDesc.FrontCounterClockwise = true; cullClockwiseDesc.DepthClipEnable = true; HR(device->CreateRasterizerState(&cullClockwiseDesc, &CullClockwiseRS)); // // AlphaToCoverageBS // D3D11_BLEND_DESC alphaToCoverageDesc = { 0 }; alphaToCoverageDesc.AlphaToCoverageEnable = true; alphaToCoverageDesc.IndependentBlendEnable = false; alphaToCoverageDesc.RenderTarget[0].BlendEnable = false; alphaToCoverageDesc.RenderTarget[0].RenderTargetWriteMask = D3D11_COLOR_WRITE_ENABLE_ALL; HR(device->CreateBlendState(&alphaToCoverageDesc, &AlphaToCoverageBS)); // // TransparentBS // D3D11_BLEND_DESC transparentDesc = { 0 }; transparentDesc.AlphaToCoverageEnable = false; transparentDesc.IndependentBlendEnable = false; transparentDesc.RenderTarget[0].BlendEnable = true; transparentDesc.RenderTarget[0].SrcBlend = D3D11_BLEND_SRC_ALPHA; transparentDesc.RenderTarget[0].DestBlend = D3D11_BLEND_INV_SRC_ALPHA; transparentDesc.RenderTarget[0].BlendOp = D3D11_BLEND_OP_ADD; transparentDesc.RenderTarget[0].SrcBlendAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_ONE; transparentDesc.RenderTarget[0].DestBlendAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_ZERO; transparentDesc.RenderTarget[0].BlendOpAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_OP_ADD; transparentDesc.RenderTarget[0].RenderTargetWriteMask = D3D11_COLOR_WRITE_ENABLE_ALL; HR(device->CreateBlendState(&transparentDesc, &TransparentBS)); // //NoRenderTargetWritesBS // D3D11_BLEND_DESC noRenderTargetWritesDesc = { 0 }; noRenderTargetWritesDesc.AlphaToCoverageEnable = false; noRenderTargetWritesDesc.IndependentBlendEnable = false; noRenderTargetWritesDesc.RenderTarget[0].BlendEnable = false; noRenderTargetWritesDesc.RenderTarget[0].SrcBlend = D3D11_BLEND_ONE; noRenderTargetWritesDesc.RenderTarget[0].DestBlend = D3D11_BLEND_ZERO; noRenderTargetWritesDesc.RenderTarget[0].BlendOp = D3D11_BLEND_OP_ADD; noRenderTargetWritesDesc.RenderTarget[0].SrcBlendAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_ONE; noRenderTargetWritesDesc.RenderTarget[0].DestBlendAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_ZERO; noRenderTargetWritesDesc.RenderTarget[0].BlendOpAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_OP_ADD; noRenderTargetWritesDesc.RenderTarget[0].RenderTargetWriteMask = 0; HR(device->CreateBlendState(&noRenderTargetWritesDesc, &NoRenderTargetWritesBS));}void RenderStates::DestroyAll(){ ReleaseCOM(WireframeRS); ReleaseCOM(NoCullRS); ReleaseCOM(CullClockwiseRS); ReleaseCOM(AlphaToCoverageBS); ReleaseCOM(TransparentBS); ReleaseCOM(NoRenderTargetWritesBS);}Vertex.cpp#include "Vertex.h"#include "Effects.h"#pragma region InputLayoutDescconst D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC InputLayoutDesc::Basic32[3] ={{ "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },{ "NORMAL", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },{ "TEXCOORD", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT, 0, 24, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 }};#pragma endregion#pragma region InputLayoutsID3D11InputLayout* InputLayouts::Basic32 = 0;void InputLayouts::InitAll(ID3D11Device* device){D3DX11_PASS_DESC passDesc;//// Basic32//Effects::BasicFX->Light1Tech->GetPassByIndex(0)->GetDesc(&passDesc);HR(device->CreateInputLayout(InputLayoutDesc::Basic32, 3, passDesc.pIAInputSignature,passDesc.IAInputSignatureSize, &Basic32));}void InputLayouts::DestroyAll(){ReleaseCOM(Basic32);}#pragma endregion
11.3 那个primitiveID用的有点问题，GS的第一个参数用了个数组，所以primitiveID按照数组的第一个元素设置了
void Explosion(VertexOut inVerts[3], uint primID : SV_PrimitiveID, inout TriangleStream<GeoOut> triStream){ VertexOut explosionVerts[3]; GeoOut gout[3]; float3 u = inVerts[1].PosL - inVerts[0].PosL; float3 v = inVerts[2].PosL - inVerts[0].PosL; float3 n = cross(u, v); [unroll] for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) { explosionVerts[i].PosL = inVerts[i].PosL + /*primID * */gScale * gTime * n; // Transorm to world space space. gout[i].PosW = mul(float4(explosionVerts[i].PosL, 1.0f), gWorld).xyz; gout[i].NormalW = mul(normalize(explosionVerts[i].PosL), (float3x3)gWorldInvTranspose); // Transform to homogeneous clip space. gout[i].PosH = mul(float4(explosionVerts[i].PosL, 1.0f), gWorldViewProj); gout[i].Tex = inVerts[i].Tex; } [unroll] for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) { triStream.Append(gout[j]); }}[maxvertexcount(24)]void GS(triangle VertexOut gin[3], uint primID : SV_PrimitiveID, inout TriangleStream<GeoOut> triStream){ if (length(gEyePosW) >= 30) { //VertexOut v[3]; //SubdivideZero(gin, v); //OutputSubdivisionZero(v, triStream); Explosion(gin, primID, triStream); } else if ((length(gEyePosW) >= 15)) { VertexOut v[6]; Subdivide(gin, v); OutputSubdivision(v, triStream); }else { VertexOut v[15]; SubdivideTwice(gin, v); OutputSubdivisionTwice(v, triStream); }} if (GetAsyncKeyState('E') & 0x8000) { fExpTimeBase = mTimer.TotalTime(); bExplosion = true; } if (GetAsyncKeyState('F') & 0x8000) fScale++;}Effects::BasicFX->SetExpTime(mExpTime); Effects::BasicFX->SetExplosionScalar(fScale);
和上一题比，代码变动不大
因为有爆炸效果，所以做了个gif，可能网页上看不到，下载就能看到
11.4代码写的很乱，变量名设定的也不合适，但还好，效果出来了
//=============================================================================// Basic.fx by Frank Luna (C) 2011 All Rights Reserved.//// Basic effect that currently supports transformations, lighting, and texturing.//=============================================================================#include "LightHelper.fx" cbuffer cbPerFrame{DirectionalLight gDirLights[3];float3 gEyePosW;float gFogStart;float gFogRange;float4 gFogColor;};cbuffer cbPerObject{float4x4 gWorld;float4x4 gWorldInvTranspose;float4x4 gWorldViewProj;float4x4 gTexTransform;Material gMaterial;}; // Nonnumeric values cannot be added to a cbuffer.Texture2D gDiffuseMap;SamplerState samAnisotropic{Filter = ANISOTROPIC;MaxAnisotropy = 4;AddressU = WRAP;AddressV = WRAP;};struct VertexIn{float3 PosL : POSITION;float3 NormalL : NORMAL;float2 Tex : TEXCOORD;};struct VertexOut{float4 PosH : SV_POSITION; float3 PosW : POSITION; float3 NormalW : NORMAL;float2 Tex : TEXCOORD;};struct GeoOut{ float4 PosH : SV_POSITION; float3 PosW : POSITION; float3 NormalW : NORMAL; float2 Tex : TEXCOORD;};VertexOut VS(VertexIn vin){VertexOut vout;// Transform to world space space.vout.PosW = mul(float4(vin.PosL, 1.0f), gWorld).xyz;vout.NormalW = mul(vin.NormalL, (float3x3)gWorldInvTranspose);// Transform to homogeneous clip space.vout.PosH = mul(float4(vin.PosL, 1.0f), gWorldViewProj);// Output vertex attributes for interpolation across triangle.vout.Tex = mul(float4(vin.Tex, 0.0f, 1.0f), gTexTransform).xy;return vout;}VertexOut VSONE(VertexIn vin){ VertexOut vout; // Transform to world space space. vout.PosW = vin.PosL; vout.NormalW = vin.NormalL; // Transform to homogeneous clip space. vout.PosH = (vin.PosL, 1.0f); // Output vertex attributes for interpolation across triangle. vout.Tex = vin.Tex; return vout;}[maxvertexcount(3)]void GS(point VertexOut gin[1], inout LineStream<GeoOut> lineStream){ GeoOut gout[2]; gout[0].PosH = mul(float4(gin[0].PosW, 1.0f), gWorldViewProj); gout[0].PosW = mul(float4(gin[0].PosW, 1.0f), gWorld).xyz; gout[0].NormalW = mul(gin[0].NormalW, (float3x3)gWorldInvTranspose); gout[0].Tex = mul(float4(gin[0].Tex, 0.0f, 1.0f), gTexTransform).xy; gout[1].PosW = mul(float4((gin[0].PosW + gin[0].NormalW), 1.0f), gWorld).xyz; gout[1].NormalW = mul(normalize((gin[0].PosW + gin[0].NormalW)), (float3x3)gWorldInvTranspose); gout[1].PosH = mul(float4((gin[0].PosW + gin[0].NormalW), 1.0f), gWorldViewProj); gout[1].Tex = gout[0].Tex; lineStream.Append(gout[1]); lineStream.Append(gout[0]); } float4 PS(GeoOut pin, uniform int gLightCount, uniform bool gUseTexure, uniform bool gAlphaClip, uniform bool gFogEnabled) : SV_Target{// Interpolating normal can unnormalize it, so normalize it. pin.NormalW = normalize(pin.NormalW);// The toEye vector is used in lighting.float3 toEye = gEyePosW - pin.PosW; // Cache the distance to the eye from this surface point.float distToEye = length(toEye);// Normalize.toEye /= distToEye; // Default to multiplicative identity. float4 texColor = float4(1, 1, 1, 1); if(gUseTexure){// Sample texture.texColor = gDiffuseMap.Sample( samAnisotropic, pin.Tex );if(gAlphaClip){// Discard pixel if texture alpha < 0.1. Note that we do this// test as soon as possible so that we can potentially exit the shader // early, thereby skipping the rest of the shader code.clip(texColor.a - 0.1f);}} //// Lighting.//float4 litColor = texColor;if( gLightCount > 0 ){ // Start with a sum of zero. float4 ambient = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);float4 diffuse = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);float4 spec = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);// Sum the light contribution from each light source. [unroll]for(int i = 0; i < gLightCount; ++i){float4 A, D, S;ComputeDirectionalLight(gMaterial, gDirLights[i], pin.NormalW, toEye, A, D, S);ambient += A;diffuse += D;spec += S;}// Modulate with late add.litColor = texColor*(ambient + diffuse) + spec;}//// Fogging//if( gFogEnabled ){float fogLerp = saturate( (distToEye - gFogStart) / gFogRange ); // Blend the fog color and the lit color.litColor = lerp(litColor, gFogColor, fogLerp);}// Common to take alpha from diffuse material and texture.litColor.a = gMaterial.Diffuse.a * texColor.a; return litColor;}technique11 Light1{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_5_0, VSONE() ) );SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(1, false, false, false) ) ); } pass P1 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(1, false, false, false))); }}technique11 Light2{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VSONE()));SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(2, false, false, false) ) ); } pass P1 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(2, false, false, false))); }}technique11 Light3{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VSONE()));SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(3, false, false, false) ) ); } pass P1 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(3, false, false, false))); }}technique11 Light0Tex{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VSONE()));SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(0, true, false, false) ) ); } pass P1 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(0, true, false, false))); }}technique11 Light1Tex{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VSONE()));SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(1, true, false, false) ) ); } pass P1 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(1, true, false, false))); }}technique11 Light2Tex{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VSONE()));SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(2, true, false, false) ) ); } pass P1 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(2, true, false, false))); }}technique11 Light3Tex{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VSONE()));SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(3, true, false, false) ) ); } pass P1 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(3, true, false, false))); }}technique11 Light0TexAlphaClip{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VSONE()));SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(0, true, true, false) ) ); } pass P1 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(0, true, true, false))); }}technique11 Light1TexAlphaClip{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VSONE()));SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(1, true, true, false) ) ); } pass P1 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(1, true, true, false))); }}technique11 Light2TexAlphaClip{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VSONE()));SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(2, true, true, false) ) ); } pass P1 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(2, true, true, false))); }}technique11 Light3TexAlphaClip{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VSONE()));SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(3, true, true, false) ) ); } pass P1 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(3, true, true, false))); }}technique11 Light1Fog{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VSONE()));SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(1, false, false, true) ) ); } pass P1 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(1, false, false, true))); }}technique11 Light2Fog{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VSONE()));SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(2, false, false, true) ) ); } pass P1 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(2, false, false, true))); }}technique11 Light3Fog{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VSONE()));SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(3, false, false, true) ) ); } pass P1 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(3, false, false, true))); }}technique11 Light0TexFog{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VSONE()));SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(0, true, false, true) ) ); } pass P1 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(0, true, false, true))); }}technique11 Light1TexFog{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VSONE()));SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(1, true, false, true) ) ); } pass P1 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(1, true, false, true))); }}technique11 Light2TexFog{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VSONE()));SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(2, true, false, true) ) ); } pass P1 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(2, true, false, true))); }}technique11 Light3TexFog{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VSONE()));SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(3, true, false, true) ) ); } pass P1 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(3, true, false, true))); }}technique11 Light0TexAlphaClipFog{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VSONE()));SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(0, true, true, true) ) ); } pass P1 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(0, true, true, true))); }}technique11 Light1TexAlphaClipFog{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VSONE()));SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(1, true, true, true) ) ); } pass P1 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(1, true, true, true))); }}technique11 Light2TexAlphaClipFog{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VSONE()));SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(2, true, true, true) ) ); } pass P1 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(2, true, true, true))); }}technique11 Light3TexAlphaClipFog{ pass P0 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VSONE()));SetGeometryShader( CompileShader(gs_5_0, GS()) ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_5_0, PS(3, true, true, true) ) ); } pass P1 { SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS())); SetGeometryShader(NULL); SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS(3, true, true, true))); }}//***************************************************************************************// BlendDemo.cpp by Frank Luna (C) 2011 All Rights Reserved.//// Demonstrates blending, HLSL clip(), and fogging.//// Controls://Hold the left mouse button down and move the mouse to rotate.// Hold the right mouse button down to zoom in and out.//// Press '1' - Lighting only render mode.// Press '2' - Texture render mode.// Press '3' - Fog render mode.////***************************************************************************************#include "d3dApp.h"#include "d3dx11Effect.h"#include "GeometryGenerator.h"#include "MathHelper.h"#include "LightHelper.h"#include "Effects.h"#include "Vertex.h"#include "RenderStates.h"#include "Waves.h"enum RenderOptions{Lighting = 0,Textures = 1,TexturesAndFog = 2};class BlendApp : public D3DApp{public:BlendApp(HINSTANCE hInstance);~BlendApp();bool Init();void OnResize();void UpdateScene(float dt);void DrawScene(); void OnMouseDown(WPARAM btnState, int x, int y);void OnMouseUp(WPARAM btnState, int x, int y);void OnMouseMove(WPARAM btnState, int x, int y);private:float GetHillHeight(float x, float z)const;XMFLOAT3 GetHillNormal(float x, float z)const;void BuildLandGeometryBuffers();void BuildWaveGeometryBuffers();void BuildCrateGeometryBuffers();private:ID3D11Buffer* mLandVB;ID3D11Buffer* mLandIB;ID3D11Buffer* mWavesVB;ID3D11Buffer* mWavesIB;ID3D11Buffer* mBoxVB;ID3D11Buffer* mBoxIB;ID3D11ShaderResourceView* mGrassMapSRV;ID3D11ShaderResourceView* mWavesMapSRV;ID3D11ShaderResourceView* mBoxMapSRV;Waves mWaves;DirectionalLight mDirLights[3];Material mLandMat;Material mWavesMat;Material mBoxMat;XMFLOAT4X4 mGrassTexTransform;XMFLOAT4X4 mWaterTexTransform;XMFLOAT4X4 mLandWorld;XMFLOAT4X4 mWavesWorld;XMFLOAT4X4 mBoxWorld;XMFLOAT4X4 mView;XMFLOAT4X4 mProj;UINT mLandIndexCount;XMFLOAT2 mWaterTexOffset;RenderOptions mRenderOptions;XMFLOAT3 mEyePosW;float mTheta;float mPhi;float mRadius;POINT mLastMousePos;};int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE prevInstance, PSTR cmdLine, int showCmd){// Enable run-time memory check for debug builds.#if defined(DEBUG) | defined(_DEBUG)_CrtSetDbgFlag( _CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF | _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF );#endifBlendApp theApp(hInstance);if( !theApp.Init() )return 0;return theApp.Run();}BlendApp::BlendApp(HINSTANCE hInstance): D3DApp(hInstance), mLandVB(0), mLandIB(0), mWavesVB(0), mWavesIB(0), mBoxVB(0), mBoxIB(0), mGrassMapSRV(0), mWavesMapSRV(0), mBoxMapSRV(0), mWaterTexOffset(0.0f, 0.0f), mEyePosW(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), mLandIndexCount(0), mRenderOptions(RenderOptions::TexturesAndFog), mTheta(1.3f*MathHelper::Pi), mPhi(0.4f*MathHelper::Pi), mRadius(80.0f){mMainWndCaption = L"Blend Demo";mEnable4xMsaa = false;mLastMousePos.x = 0;mLastMousePos.y = 0;XMMATRIX I = XMMatrixIdentity();XMStoreFloat4x4(&mLandWorld, I);XMStoreFloat4x4(&mWavesWorld, I);XMStoreFloat4x4(&mView, I);XMStoreFloat4x4(&mProj, I);XMMATRIX boxScale = XMMatrixScaling(15.0f, 15.0f, 15.0f);XMMATRIX boxOffset = XMMatrixTranslation(8.0f, 5.0f, -15.0f);XMStoreFloat4x4(&mBoxWorld, boxScale*boxOffset);XMMATRIX grassTexScale = XMMatrixScaling(5.0f, 5.0f, 0.0f);XMStoreFloat4x4(&mGrassTexTransform, grassTexScale);mDirLights[0].Ambient = XMFLOAT4(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f);mDirLights[0].Diffuse = XMFLOAT4(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);mDirLights[0].Specular = XMFLOAT4(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);mDirLights[0].Direction = XMFLOAT3(0.57735f, -0.57735f, 0.57735f);mDirLights[1].Ambient = XMFLOAT4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);mDirLights[1].Diffuse = XMFLOAT4(0.20f, 0.20f, 0.20f, 1.0f);mDirLights[1].Specular = XMFLOAT4(0.25f, 0.25f, 0.25f, 1.0f);mDirLights[1].Direction = XMFLOAT3(-0.57735f, -0.57735f, 0.57735f);mDirLights[2].Ambient = XMFLOAT4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);mDirLights[2].Diffuse = XMFLOAT4(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f);mDirLights[2].Specular = XMFLOAT4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);mDirLights[2].Direction = XMFLOAT3(0.0f, -0.707f, -0.707f);mLandMat.Ambient = XMFLOAT4(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);mLandMat.Diffuse = XMFLOAT4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);mLandMat.Specular = XMFLOAT4(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 16.0f);mWavesMat.Ambient = XMFLOAT4(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);mWavesMat.Diffuse = XMFLOAT4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f);mWavesMat.Specular = XMFLOAT4(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 32.0f);mBoxMat.Ambient = XMFLOAT4(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);mBoxMat.Diffuse = XMFLOAT4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);mBoxMat.Specular = XMFLOAT4(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 16.0f);}BlendApp::~BlendApp(){md3dImmediateContext->ClearState();ReleaseCOM(mLandVB);ReleaseCOM(mLandIB);ReleaseCOM(mWavesVB);ReleaseCOM(mWavesIB);ReleaseCOM(mBoxVB);ReleaseCOM(mBoxIB);ReleaseCOM(mGrassMapSRV);ReleaseCOM(mWavesMapSRV);ReleaseCOM(mBoxMapSRV);Effects::DestroyAll();InputLayouts::DestroyAll();RenderStates::DestroyAll();}bool BlendApp::Init(){if(!D3DApp::Init())return false;mWaves.Init(160, 160, 1.0f, 0.03f, 5.0f, 0.3f);// Must init Effects first since InputLayouts depend on shader signatures.Effects::InitAll(md3dDevice);InputLayouts::InitAll(md3dDevice);RenderStates::InitAll(md3dDevice);HR(D3DX11CreateShaderResourceViewFromFile(md3dDevice, L"Textures/grass.dds", 0, 0, &mGrassMapSRV, 0 ));HR(D3DX11CreateShaderResourceViewFromFile(md3dDevice, L"Textures/water2.dds", 0, 0, &mWavesMapSRV, 0 ));HR(D3DX11CreateShaderResourceViewFromFile(md3dDevice, L"Textures/WireFence.dds", 0, 0, &mBoxMapSRV, 0 ));BuildLandGeometryBuffers();BuildWaveGeometryBuffers();BuildCrateGeometryBuffers();return true;}void BlendApp::OnResize(){D3DApp::OnResize();XMMATRIX P = XMMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(0.25f*MathHelper::Pi, AspectRatio(), 1.0f, 1000.0f);XMStoreFloat4x4(&mProj, P);}void BlendApp::UpdateScene(float dt){// Convert Spherical to Cartesian coordinates.float x = mRadius*sinf(mPhi)*cosf(mTheta);float z = mRadius*sinf(mPhi)*sinf(mTheta);float y = mRadius*cosf(mPhi);mEyePosW = XMFLOAT3(x, y, z);// Build the view matrix.XMVECTOR pos = XMVectorSet(x, y, z, 1.0f);XMVECTOR target = XMVectorZero();XMVECTOR up = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);XMMATRIX V = XMMatrixLookAtLH(pos, target, up);XMStoreFloat4x4(&mView, V);//// Every quarter second, generate a random wave.//static float t_base = 0.0f;if( (mTimer.TotalTime() - t_base) >= 0.1f ){t_base += 0.1f; DWORD i = 5 + rand() % (mWaves.RowCount()-10);DWORD j = 5 + rand() % (mWaves.ColumnCount()-10);float r = MathHelper::RandF(0.5f, 1.0f);mWaves.Disturb(i, j, r);}mWaves.Update(dt);//// Update the wave vertex buffer with the new solution.//D3D11_MAPPED_SUBRESOURCE mappedData;HR(md3dImmediateContext->Map(mWavesVB, 0, D3D11_MAP_WRITE_DISCARD, 0, &mappedData));Vertex::Basic32* v = reinterpret_cast<Vertex::Basic32*>(mappedData.pData);for(UINT i = 0; i < mWaves.VertexCount(); ++i){v[i].Pos = mWaves[i];v[i].Normal = mWaves.Normal(i);// Derive tex-coords in [0,1] from position.v[i].Tex.x = 0.5f + mWaves[i].x / mWaves.Width();v[i].Tex.y = 0.5f - mWaves[i].z / mWaves.Depth();}md3dImmediateContext->Unmap(mWavesVB, 0);//// Animate water texture coordinates.//// Tile water texture.XMMATRIX wavesScale = XMMatrixScaling(5.0f, 5.0f, 0.0f);// Translate texture over time.mWaterTexOffset.y += 0.05f*dt;mWaterTexOffset.x += 0.1f*dt;XMMATRIX wavesOffset = XMMatrixTranslation(mWaterTexOffset.x, mWaterTexOffset.y, 0.0f);// Combine scale and translation.XMStoreFloat4x4(&mWaterTexTransform, wavesScale*wavesOffset);//// Switch the render mode based in key input.//if( GetAsyncKeyState('1') & 0x8000 )mRenderOptions = RenderOptions::Lighting; if( GetAsyncKeyState('2') & 0x8000 )mRenderOptions = RenderOptions::Textures; if( GetAsyncKeyState('3') & 0x8000 )mRenderOptions = RenderOptions::TexturesAndFog; }void BlendApp::DrawScene(){md3dImmediateContext->ClearRenderTargetView(mRenderTargetView, reinterpret_cast<const float*>(&Colors::Silver));md3dImmediateContext->ClearDepthStencilView(mDepthStencilView, D3D11_CLEAR_DEPTH|D3D11_CLEAR_STENCIL, 1.0f, 0);md3dImmediateContext->IASetInputLayout(InputLayouts::Basic32); //md3dImmediateContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST); float blendFactor[] = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f};UINT stride = sizeof(Vertex::Basic32); UINT offset = 0; XMMATRIX view = XMLoadFloat4x4(&mView);XMMATRIX proj = XMLoadFloat4x4(&mProj);XMMATRIX viewProj = view*proj;// Set per frame constants.Effects::BasicFX->SetDirLights(mDirLights);Effects::BasicFX->SetEyePosW(mEyePosW);Effects::BasicFX->SetFogColor(Colors::Silver);Effects::BasicFX->SetFogStart(15.0f);Effects::BasicFX->SetFogRange(175.0f); ID3DX11EffectTechnique* boxTech;ID3DX11EffectTechnique* landAndWavesTech;switch(mRenderOptions){case RenderOptions::Lighting:boxTech = Effects::BasicFX->Light3Tech;landAndWavesTech = Effects::BasicFX->Light3Tech;break;case RenderOptions::Textures:boxTech = Effects::BasicFX->Light3TexAlphaClipTech;landAndWavesTech = Effects::BasicFX->Light3TexTech;break;case RenderOptions::TexturesAndFog:boxTech = Effects::BasicFX->Light3TexAlphaClipFogTech;landAndWavesTech = Effects::BasicFX->Light3TexFogTech;break;}D3DX11_TECHNIQUE_DESC techDesc;//// Draw the box with alpha clipping.// boxTech->GetDesc( &techDesc );for(UINT p = 0; p < techDesc.Passes; ++p) { if (0 == p) { md3dImmediateContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_POINTLIST); } else { md3dImmediateContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST); } md3dImmediateContext->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &mBoxVB, &stride, &offset);md3dImmediateContext->IASetIndexBuffer(mBoxIB, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0);// Set per object constants.XMMATRIX world = XMLoadFloat4x4(&mBoxWorld);XMMATRIX worldInvTranspose = MathHelper::InverseTranspose(world);XMMATRIX worldViewProj = world*view*proj;Effects::BasicFX->SetWorld(world);Effects::BasicFX->SetWorldInvTranspose(worldInvTranspose);Effects::BasicFX->SetWorldViewProj(worldViewProj);Effects::BasicFX->SetTexTransform(XMMatrixIdentity());Effects::BasicFX->SetMaterial(mBoxMat);Effects::BasicFX->SetDiffuseMap(mBoxMapSRV);md3dImmediateContext->RSSetState(RenderStates::NoCullRS);boxTech->GetPassByIndex(p)->Apply(0, md3dImmediateContext);md3dImmediateContext->DrawIndexed(36, 0, 0);// Restore default render state.md3dImmediateContext->RSSetState(0);}//// Draw the hills and water with texture and fog (no alpha clipping needed).//landAndWavesTech->GetDesc( &techDesc ); for(UINT p = 0; p < techDesc.Passes; ++p) { if (0 == p) { md3dImmediateContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_POINTLIST); } else { md3dImmediateContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST); }//// Draw the hills.//md3dImmediateContext->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &mLandVB, &stride, &offset);md3dImmediateContext->IASetIndexBuffer(mLandIB, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0);// Set per object constants.XMMATRIX world = XMLoadFloat4x4(&mLandWorld);XMMATRIX worldInvTranspose = MathHelper::InverseTranspose(world);XMMATRIX worldViewProj = world*view*proj;Effects::BasicFX->SetWorld(world);Effects::BasicFX->SetWorldInvTranspose(worldInvTranspose);Effects::BasicFX->SetWorldViewProj(worldViewProj);Effects::BasicFX->SetTexTransform(XMLoadFloat4x4(&mGrassTexTransform));Effects::BasicFX->SetMaterial(mLandMat);Effects::BasicFX->SetDiffuseMap(mGrassMapSRV);landAndWavesTech->GetPassByIndex(p)->Apply(0, md3dImmediateContext);md3dImmediateContext->DrawIndexed(mLandIndexCount, 0, 0);//// Draw the waves.//md3dImmediateContext->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &mWavesVB, &stride, &offset);md3dImmediateContext->IASetIndexBuffer(mWavesIB, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0);// Set per object constants.world = XMLoadFloat4x4(&mWavesWorld);worldInvTranspose = MathHelper::InverseTranspose(world);worldViewProj = world*view*proj;Effects::BasicFX->SetWorld(world);Effects::BasicFX->SetWorldInvTranspose(worldInvTranspose);Effects::BasicFX->SetWorldViewProj(worldViewProj);Effects::BasicFX->SetTexTransform(XMLoadFloat4x4(&mWaterTexTransform));Effects::BasicFX->SetMaterial(mWavesMat);Effects::BasicFX->SetDiffuseMap(mWavesMapSRV);md3dImmediateContext->OMSetBlendState(RenderStates::TransparentBS, blendFactor, 0xffffffff);landAndWavesTech->GetPassByIndex(p)->Apply(0, md3dImmediateContext);md3dImmediateContext->DrawIndexed(3*mWaves.TriangleCount(), 0, 0);// Restore default blend statemd3dImmediateContext->OMSetBlendState(0, blendFactor, 0xffffffff); }HR(mSwapChain->Present(0, 0));}void BlendApp::OnMouseDown(WPARAM btnState, int x, int y){mLastMousePos.x = x;mLastMousePos.y = y;SetCapture(mhMainWnd);}void BlendApp::OnMouseUp(WPARAM btnState, int x, int y){ReleaseCapture();}void BlendApp::OnMouseMove(WPARAM btnState, int x, int y){if( (btnState & MK_LBUTTON) != 0 ){// Make each pixel correspond to a quarter of a degree.float dx = XMConvertToRadians(0.25f*static_cast<float>(x - mLastMousePos.x));float dy = XMConvertToRadians(0.25f*static_cast<float>(y - mLastMousePos.y));// Update angles based on input to orbit camera around box.mTheta += dx;mPhi += dy;// Restrict the angle mPhi.mPhi = MathHelper::Clamp(mPhi, 0.1f, MathHelper::Pi-0.1f);}else if( (btnState & MK_RBUTTON) != 0 ){// Make each pixel correspond to 0.01 unit in the scene.float dx = 0.1f*static_cast<float>(x - mLastMousePos.x);float dy = 0.1f*static_cast<float>(y - mLastMousePos.y);// Update the camera radius based on input.mRadius += dx - dy;// Restrict the radius.mRadius = MathHelper::Clamp(mRadius, 20.0f, 500.0f);}mLastMousePos.x = x;mLastMousePos.y = y;}float BlendApp::GetHillHeight(float x, float z)const{return 0.3f*( z*sinf(0.1f*x) + x*cosf(0.1f*z) );}XMFLOAT3 BlendApp::GetHillNormal(float x, float z)const{// n = (-df/dx, 1, -df/dz)XMFLOAT3 n(-0.03f*z*cosf(0.1f*x) - 0.3f*cosf(0.1f*z),1.0f,-0.3f*sinf(0.1f*x) + 0.03f*x*sinf(0.1f*z));XMVECTOR unitNormal = XMVector3Normalize(XMLoadFloat3(&n));XMStoreFloat3(&n, unitNormal);return n;}void BlendApp::BuildLandGeometryBuffers(){GeometryGenerator::MeshData grid; GeometryGenerator geoGen;geoGen.CreateGrid(160.0f, 160.0f, 50, 50, grid);mLandIndexCount = grid.Indices.size();//// Extract the vertex elements we are interested and apply the height function to// each vertex. //std::vector<Vertex::Basic32> vertices(grid.Vertices.size());for(UINT i = 0; i < grid.Vertices.size(); ++i){XMFLOAT3 p = grid.Vertices[i].Position;p.y = GetHillHeight(p.x, p.z);vertices[i].Pos = p;vertices[i].Normal = GetHillNormal(p.x, p.z);vertices[i].Tex = grid.Vertices[i].TexC;} D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vbd; vbd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_IMMUTABLE;vbd.ByteWidth = sizeof(Vertex::Basic32) * grid.Vertices.size(); vbd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER; vbd.CPUAccessFlags = 0; vbd.MiscFlags = 0; D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vinitData; vinitData.pSysMem = &vertices[0]; HR(md3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&vbd, &vinitData, &mLandVB));//// Pack the indices of all the meshes into one index buffer.//D3D11_BUFFER_DESC ibd; ibd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_IMMUTABLE;ibd.ByteWidth = sizeof(UINT) * mLandIndexCount; ibd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER; ibd.CPUAccessFlags = 0; ibd.MiscFlags = 0; D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA iinitData;iinitData.pSysMem = &grid.Indices[0]; HR(md3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&ibd, &iinitData, &mLandIB));}void BlendApp::BuildWaveGeometryBuffers(){// Create the vertex buffer. Note that we allocate space only, as// we will be updating the data every time step of the simulation. D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vbd; vbd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DYNAMIC;vbd.ByteWidth = sizeof(Vertex::Basic32) * mWaves.VertexCount(); vbd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER; vbd.CPUAccessFlags = D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE; vbd.MiscFlags = 0; HR(md3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&vbd, 0, &mWavesVB));// Create the index buffer. The index buffer is fixed, so we only // need to create and set once.std::vector<UINT> indices(3*mWaves.TriangleCount()); // 3 indices per face// Iterate over each quad.UINT m = mWaves.RowCount();UINT n = mWaves.ColumnCount();int k = 0;for(UINT i = 0; i < m-1; ++i){for(DWORD j = 0; j < n-1; ++j){indices[k] = i*n+j;indices[k+1] = i*n+j+1;indices[k+2] = (i+1)*n+j;indices[k+3] = (i+1)*n+j;indices[k+4] = i*n+j+1;indices[k+5] = (i+1)*n+j+1;k += 6; // next quad}}D3D11_BUFFER_DESC ibd; ibd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_IMMUTABLE;ibd.ByteWidth = sizeof(UINT) * indices.size(); ibd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER; ibd.CPUAccessFlags = 0; ibd.MiscFlags = 0; D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA iinitData; iinitData.pSysMem = &indices[0]; HR(md3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&ibd, &iinitData, &mWavesIB));}void BlendApp::BuildCrateGeometryBuffers(){GeometryGenerator::MeshData box;GeometryGenerator geoGen;geoGen.CreateBox(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, box);//// Extract the vertex elements we are interested in and pack the// vertices of all the meshes into one vertex buffer.//std::vector<Vertex::Basic32> vertices(box.Vertices.size());for(UINT i = 0; i < box.Vertices.size(); ++i){vertices[i].Pos = box.Vertices[i].Position;vertices[i].Normal = box.Vertices[i].Normal;vertices[i].Tex = box.Vertices[i].TexC;} D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vbd; vbd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_IMMUTABLE; vbd.ByteWidth = sizeof(Vertex::Basic32) * box.Vertices.size(); vbd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER; vbd.CPUAccessFlags = 0; vbd.MiscFlags = 0; D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vinitData; vinitData.pSysMem = &vertices[0]; HR(md3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&vbd, &vinitData, &mBoxVB));//// Pack the indices of all the meshes into one index buffer.//D3D11_BUFFER_DESC ibd; ibd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_IMMUTABLE;ibd.ByteWidth = sizeof(UINT) * box.Indices.size(); ibd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER; ibd.CPUAccessFlags = 0; ibd.MiscFlags = 0; D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA iinitData; iinitData.pSysMem = &box.Indices[0]; HR(md3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&ibd, &iinitData, &mBoxIB));}
11.6-11.7注意那个DrawIndexed要自己create index buffer,因为是改原有代码，所以也没贴代码，还有要注意的是那个纹理地址越界时开始几个纹理太小了，可能以为所有纹理都一样，其实不是的，仔细看前四个小树，是有区别的
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