ubuntu下postfix邮件服务器安装

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一，安装Postfix和相关软件包
1.安装Postfix

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1. apt-get install postfix

在安装的过程中，会提示输入选择类型和域名。分别填写"only localhost"和"localhost"

2.安装mailx软件包

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1. apt-get install mailutils

mailx软件包是一个命令行的邮件属性程序，mail命令包含在mailx软件包里面

二，测试你的默认设置
1.添加测试用户（以fmaster为例）

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1. useradd -m -s /bin/bash fmaster

2. passwd fmaster

这里密码设置为test1234。在后述的测试中会用到。

2.用下面的命令测试,其实就是测试25端口是否打开

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1. telnet localhost 25

3.Postfix将在终端中显示如下提示，这样你就可以用来键入SMTP命令.

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1. root@ubuntu:~# telnet localhost 25

2. Trying 127.0.0.1...

3. Connected to localhost.

4. Escape character is '^]'.

5. 220 ubuntu ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu)

4.编写邮件并发送

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1. root@ubuntu:~# telnet localhost 25

2. Trying 127.0.0.1...

3. Connected to localhost.

4. Escape character is '^]'.

5. 220 ubuntu ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu)

6. ehlo localhost //

7. 250-ubuntu

8. 250-PIPELINING

9. 250-SIZE 10240000

10. 250-VRFY

11. 250-ETRN

12. 250-STARTTLS

13. 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES

14. 250-8BITMIME

15. 250 DSN

16. mail from: root@localhost //

17. 250 2.1.0 Ok

18. rcpt to: fmaster@localhost //

19. 250 2.1.5 Ok

20. data //

21. 354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>

22. Subject: My first mail on Postfix //

23. this ia the first postfix mail . //

24. . //

25. 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 661C75F796

26. quit //

27. 221 2.0.0 Bye

28. Connection closed by foreign host.

5.切换到fmaster用户，查看邮件

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1. root@ubuntu:~# su - fmaster

2. fmaster@ubuntu:~$ mail

3. "/var/mail/fmaster": 1 message 1 new

4. >N 1 root@localhost 火 1月 29 12: 12/435 My first mail on Postfix

此时的邮件存放在/var/mail/fmaster文件中。
当这个邮件被打开之后，Postfix就会以mbox的风格处理邮件，
将邮件都保存到/home/fmaster/mbox这一个文件中。

6.设置Postfix以支持Maildir风格的邮箱（在修改配置之前备份配置文件）

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1. cp -pf /etc/postfix/main.cf /etc/postfix/main.cf_bak

2. vim /etc/postfix/main.cf

在文件中末尾处，添加如下配置：

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1. home_mailbox=Maildir/

7.重启postfix，以使配置生效

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1. /etc/init.d/postfix restart

8.测试

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1. root@ubuntu:/etc/postfix# telnet localhost 25

2. Trying 127.0.0.1...

3. Connected to localhost.

4. Escape character is '^]'.

5. 220 ubuntu ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu)

6. ehlo localhost //

7. 250-ubuntu

8. 250-PIPELINING

9. 250-SIZE 10240000

10. 250-VRFY

11. 250-ETRN

12. 250-STARTTLS

13. 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES

14. 250-8BITMIME

15. 250 DSN

16. mail from: root@localhost //

17. 250 2.1.0 Ok

18. rcpt to: fmaster@localhost //

19. 250 2.1.5 Ok

20. data //

21. 354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>

22. Subject: maildir test //

23. this is a maildir style mail test . //

24. . //

25. 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 249315F80D

26. quit //

27. 221 2.0.0 Bye

28. Connection closed by foreign host.

9.查收邮件这个时候Postfix会在/home/fmaster目录下面生成一个名为Maildir的文件夹，所有的邮件都保存在/home/fmaster/Maildir这个文件夹内。

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1. fmaster@ubuntu:~$ ll /home/fmaster/Maildir

2. 合計 20

3. drwx------ 5 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 ./

4. drwxr-xr-x 3 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 ../

5. drwx------ 2 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 cur/

6. drwx------ 2 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 new/

7. drwx------ 2 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 tmp/

9. fmaster@ubuntu:~/Maildir$ cd new

10.

11. fmaster@ubuntu:~/Maildir/new$ ll

12. 合計 12

13. drwx------ 2 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 ./

14. drwx------ 5 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 ../

15. -rw------- 1 fmaster fmaster 426 1月 29 12:35 1359430545.Vfc00I16daM671946.ubuntu

16.

17. fmaster@ubuntu:~/Maildir/new$ less 1359430545.Vfc00I16daM671946.ubuntu

18. Return-Path: <root@localhost>

19. X-Original-To: fmaster@localhost

20. Delivered-To: fmaster@localhost

21. Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1])

22. by ubuntu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 249315F80D

23. for <fmaster@localhost>; Tue, 29 Jan 2013 12:35:13 +0900 (JST)

24. Subject: maildir test

25. Message-Id: <20130129033517.249315F80D@ubuntu>

26. Date: Tue, 29 Jan 2013 12:35:13 +0900 (JST)

27. From: root@localhost

28.

29. this is a maildir style mail test .

30. 1359430545.Vfc00I16daM671946.ubuntu (END)

到此为止发送邮件的服务器就搭建成功了，接下来配置收信服务器。
在配置收信服务器中，需要使用到域名，如果没有域名可以修改hosts文件来进行测试。
下面配置中用到的域名: dotuian.com
邮件服务器的IP地址 : 192.168.0.114 (ubutun)
测试客户端 : 192.168.0.80 (windows 7)

三，配置收信服务器
1.修改邮件服务器的hosts文件

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1. vim /etc/hosts

在文件中添加

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1. 127.0.0.1 dotuian.com

2.修改测试客户端的hosts文件
以管理员权限运行一个文本编辑器，打开"C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts"，在里面添加

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1. 192.168.0.114 dotuian.com

如果已经存在域名了，就不要上述的修改hosts文件的两步了。
3.安装收信服务器

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1. apt-get install courier-pop

2. apt-get install courier-imap

4.修改配置文件

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1. vim /etc/postfix/main.cf

(a)将域名增加到"mydestination"。配置如下

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1. mydestination = localhost, ubuntu, localhost.localdomain, localhost, dotuian.com

(b)将本地网络增加到"mynetworks"。因为服务器IP地址为192.168.0.114，所以配置如下

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1. mynetworks = 192.168.0.0/24, 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128

(c)为了能够通过网络接受邮件，修改"inet_interfaces"为"all"

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1. #inet_interfaces = loopback-only

2. inet_interfaces = all

5.重启postfix服务器

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1. /etc/init.d/postfix restart

6.测试域名配置是否成功(a)通过域名dotuian.com发送邮件

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1. root@ubuntu:/etc/postfix# telnet dotuian.com 25

2. Trying 127.0.0.1...

3. Connected to dotuian.com.

4. Escape character is '^]'.

5. 220 ubuntu ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu)

6. ehlo dotuian.com //

7. 250-ubuntu

8. 250-PIPELINING

9. 250-SIZE 10240000

10. 250-VRFY

11. 250-ETRN

12. 250-STARTTLS

13. 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES

14. 250-8BITMIME

15. 250 DSN

16. mail from: shou@dotuian.com //

17. 250 2.1.0 Ok

18. rcpt to: fmaster@dotuian.com //

19. 250 2.1.5 Ok

20. data //

21. 354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>

22. Subject: mail test with domain //

23. this is a test mail . //

24. dotuian.com //

25. .

26. 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 9E95D5F809

27. quit //

28. 221 2.0.0 Bye

29. Connection closed by foreign host.

(b)查收邮件检查/home/fmaster/Maildir/new，可以看到新建了一个独立的文件

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1. fmaster@ubuntu:~/Maildir/new$ ll

2. 合計 16

3. drwx------ 2 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 14:10 ./

4. drwx------ 5 fmaster fmaster 4096 1月 29 12:35 ../

5. -rw------- 1 fmaster fmaster 426 1月 29 12:35 1359430545.Vfc00I16daM671946.ubuntu

6. -rw------- 1 fmaster fmaster 446 1月 29 14:10 1359436215.Vfc00I16d8M538132.ubuntu

8. fmaster@ubuntu:~/Maildir/new$ less 1359436215.Vfc00I16d8M538132.ubuntu

10. Return-Path: <shou@dotuian.com>

11. X-Original-To: fmaster@dotuian.com

12. Delivered-To: fmaster@dotuian.com

13. Received: from dotuian.com (localhost [127.0.0.1])

14. by ubuntu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9E95D5F809

15. for <fmaster@dotuian.com>; Tue, 29 Jan 2013 14:09:35 +0900 (JST)

16. Subject: mail test with domain

17. Message-Id: <20130129050947.9E95D5F809@ubuntu>

18. Date: Tue, 29 Jan 2013 14:09:35 +0900 (JST)

19. From: shou@dotuian.com

20.

21. this is a test mail .

22. dotuian.com

23. 1359436215.Vfc00I16d8M538132.ubuntu (END)

7.测试Courier POP3

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1. root@ubuntu:/etc/postfix# telnet dotuian.com 110

2. Trying 127.0.0.1...

3. Connected to dotuian.com.

4. Escape character is '^]'.

5. +OK Hello there.

6. user fmaster //

7. +OK Password required.

8. pass test1234 //

9. +OK logged in.

10. quit //

11. +OK Bye-bye.

12. Connection closed by foreign host.

8.测试 Courier IMAP

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1. root@ubuntu:/etc/postfix# telnet dotuian.com 143

2. Trying 127.0.0.1...

3. Connected to dotuian.com.

4. Escape character is '^]'.

5. * OK [CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 UIDPLUS CHILDREN NAMESPACE THREAD=ORDEREDSUBJECT THREAD=REFERENCES SORT QUOTA IDLE ACL ACL2=UNION] Courier-IMAP ready. Copyright 1998-2011 Double Precision, Inc. See COPYING for distribution information.