iOS GCD集汇(三)GCD常用方法总结

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@拜读崔哥神作,从头到尾重写一遍,下面给出代码样例,供大家学习参考:

#pragma mark - Serial Queue//在iOS里实现多线程的技术有很多,使用起来最简单的是GCD,执行效率最高的也是GCD,是相对底层的API,都是C的函数。GCD是苹果最推荐的多线程技术,GCD的核心是往dispatch queue里添加要执行的任务,由queue管理任务的执行。- (void)Serial:(UIButton *)sender {    //dispatch queue有两种:serial queue(串行)和concurrent queue(并行);无论哪种queue都是FIFO    //serial queue的特点:执行完queue中第一个任务,执行第二个任务,执行完第二个任务,执行第三个任务,以此类推,任何一个任务的执行,必须等到上个任务执行完毕。    //    //获得serial queue的方式有2种://    //1、获得mainQueue。mainQueue会在主线程中执行,即:主线程中执行队列中的各个任务//    dispatch_queue_t mainQueue = dispatch_get_main_queue();//    dispatch_async(mainQueue, ^{//        NSLog(@"第1个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);//    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)//    dispatch_async(mainQueue, ^{//        NSLog(@"第2个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);//    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)//    dispatch_async(mainQueue, ^{//        NSLog(@"第3个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);//    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)//    dispatch_async(mainQueue, ^{//        NSLog(@"第4个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);//    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)//    dispatch_async(mainQueue, ^{//        NSLog(@"第5个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);//    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)            //2、自己创建serial queue。//自己创建的serial queue不会在主线程中执行,queue会开辟一个子线程,在子线程中执行队列中的各个任务    dispatch_queue_t mySerialQueue = dispatch_queue_create("com.HMT.GCD.mySerialQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);//给queue起名字的时候,苹果推荐使用反向域名格式。    dispatch_async(mySerialQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"第1个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)    dispatch_async(mySerialQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"第2个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)    dispatch_async(mySerialQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"第3个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)    dispatch_async(mySerialQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"第4个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)    dispatch_async(mySerialQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"第5个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)        }#pragma mark - Concurrent Queue- (void)Concurrent:(UIButton *)sender {    //concurrent(并行)queue是另外一种队列。其特点:队列中的任务,第一个先执行,不等第一个执行完毕,第二个就开始执行了,不等第二个任务执行完毕,第三个就开始执行了,以此类推。后面的任务执行的晚,但是不会等前面的执行完才执行。    //    //获得concurrent queue的方法有2种://    //1、获得global queue。//    dispatch_queue_t globalQueue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);//第一个参数控制globalQueue的优先级,一共有4个优先级DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_HIGH、DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT、DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_LOW、DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND。第二个参数是苹果预留参数,未来会用,目前填写为0.//    //global queue会根据需要开辟若干个线程,并行执行队列中的任务(开始较晚的任务未必最后结束,开始较早的任务未必最先完成),开辟的线程数量取决于多方面因素,比如:任务的数量,系统的内存资源等等,会以最优的方式开辟线程---根据需要开辟适当的线程。//    dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{//        NSLog(@"第1个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);//    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)//    dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{//        NSLog(@"第2个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);//    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)//    dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{//        NSLog(@"第3个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);//    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)//    dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{//        NSLog(@"第4个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);//    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)//    dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{//        NSLog(@"第5个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);//    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)//    dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{//        NSLog(@"第6个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);//    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)//    dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{//        NSLog(@"第7个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);//    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)//    dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{//        NSLog(@"第8个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);//    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)//    dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{//        NSLog(@"第9个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);//    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)//    dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{//        NSLog(@"第10个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);//    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)                //2、自己创建concurrent queue。    //自己创建的concurrent queue会根据需要开辟若干个线程,并行执行队列中的任务(开始较晚的任务未必最后结束,开始较早的任务未必最先完成),开辟的线程数量取决于多方面因素,比如:任务的数量,系统的内存资源等等,会以最优的方式开辟线程---根据需要开辟适当的线程。    dispatch_queue_t myConcurrentQueue = dispatch_queue_create("com.HMT.GCD.myConcurrentQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);    dispatch_async(myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"第1个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)    dispatch_async(myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"第2个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)    dispatch_async(myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"第3个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)    dispatch_async(myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"第4个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)    dispatch_async(myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"第5个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)    dispatch_async(myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"第6个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)    dispatch_async(myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"第7个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)    dispatch_async(myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"第8个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)    dispatch_async(myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"第9个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)    dispatch_async(myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"第10个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });//在block里写要执行的任务(代码)}#pragma mark - 延迟3秒- (void)after:(UIButton *)sender {    double delayInSeconds = 3.0;    dispatch_time_t popTime = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(delayInSeconds * NSEC_PER_SEC));    //    dispatch_after(popTime, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^(void){//        NSLog(@"Hello");//    });//dispatch_after函数是延迟执行某个任务,任务既可以在mainQueue中进行也可以在其他queue中进行.既可以在serial队列里执行也可以在concurrent队列里执行。        dispatch_queue_t myConcurrentQueue = dispatch_queue_create("com.HMT.GCD.myConcurrentQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);    dispatch_after(popTime, myConcurrentQueue, ^(void){        NSLog(@"world");    });}#pragma mark - 若干任务执行完之后,想要执行某个任务- (void)group:(UIButton *)sender {    dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();    dispatch_queue_t myConcurrentQueue = dispatch_queue_create("com.HMT.GCD.myConcurrentQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);        //dispatch_group_async用于把不同的任务归为一组    //dispatch_group_notify当指定组的任务执行完毕之后,执行给定的任务    dispatch_group_async(group, myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"第1个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });    dispatch_group_async(group, myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"第2个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });    dispatch_group_async(group, myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"第3个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });    dispatch_group_async(group, myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"第4个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });    dispatch_group_notify(group, myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"group中的任务都执行完毕之后,执行此任务。所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });    dispatch_group_async(group, myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"第5个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });    dispatch_group_async(group, myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"第6个任务,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });    }#pragma mark - barrier- (void)barrier:(UIButton *)sender {    //为了保证访问同一个数据时,数据的安全,我们可以使用serial queue解决数据安全访问的问题。    //serial queue的缺陷是:后面的任务 必须等待 前面的任务 执行完毕 才能执行    //对于往数据库写入数据 使用serial queue无疑能保证数据的安全。    //对于从数据库中读取数据,使用serial queue就不太合适了,效率比较低。使用concurrent queue无疑是最合适的。    //真实的项目中,通常既有对数据库的写入,又有数据库的读取。如何处理才最合适呢?        //下面给出了 既有数据库数据读取,又有数据库数据写入的处理方法dispatch_barrier_async    dispatch_queue_t myConcurrentQueue = dispatch_queue_create("com.HMT.GCD.myConcurrentQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);    dispatch_async(myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"读取一些数据,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });    dispatch_async(myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"读取另外一些数据,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });    dispatch_async(myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"读取这些数据,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });    dispatch_async(myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"读取那些数据,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });                dispatch_barrier_async(myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"写入某些数据,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });//dispatch_barrier_async就像一道墙,之前的任务都并行执行,执行完毕之后,执行barrier中的任务,之后的任务也是并行执行。                dispatch_async(myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"读取XXX数据,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });    dispatch_async(myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"读取OOXX数据,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });    dispatch_async(myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"读取aaa数据,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });    dispatch_async(myConcurrentQueue, ^{        NSLog(@"读取bbb数据,所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });}#pragma mark - 重复执行某任务- (void)apply:(UIButton *)sender {    //GCD中提供了API让某个任务执行若干次。    NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"红楼梦",@"水浒传",@"三国演义",@"西游记", nil];    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);    dispatch_apply([array count], queue, ^(size_t index) {        NSLog(@"%@所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",[array objectAtIndex:index],[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);    });}#pragma mark - once- (void)once:(UIButton *)sender {    //dispatch_once 用于定义那些只需要执行一次的代码,比如单例的创建    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{        NSLog(@"只执行一次");        //这个block里的代码,在程序执行过程中只会执行一次。        //比如在这里些单例的初始化//        static YourClass *instance = nil;//        instance = [[YourClass alloc] init];    });}#pragma mark - 同步- (void)syn:(id)sender {    //我们一直在用  dispatch_async,GCD里有一些API是dispatch_sync,二者有什么区别呢?    //dispatch_async无需等block执行完,继续执行dispatch_async后面的代码    //dispatch_sync必须等block执行完,才继续执行dispatch_sync后面的代码    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);////    dispatch_sync(queue, ^{//        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {//            NSLog(@"%d",i);//        }//    });//    NSLog(@"haha");            dispatch_async(queue, ^{        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {            NSLog(@"%d",i);        }    });    NSLog(@"haha");}#pragma mark - GCD函数指针- (void)functionPoint:(id)sender {        //dispatch_async_f往队列里放函数指针,队列控制相应函数的执行,不在是控制block的执行    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);    dispatch_async_f(queue, @"你好", function);//函数指针对应的函数类型:必须没有返回值,参数必须是void *。函数指针对应的参数,由dispatch_async_f第二个参数提供,可以是任意对象类型。}void function(void *context){    NSLog(@"%@ 所在线程%@,是否是主线程:%d",context,[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);}


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