iOS 基础类解析 - NSString、NSMutableString

iOS 基础类解析 - NSString

太阳火神的美丽人生 (http://blog.csdn.net/opengl_es)

本文遵循“署名-非商业用途-保持一致”创作公用协议

转载请保留此句：太阳火神的美丽人生 -  本博客专注于 敏捷开发及移动和物联设备研究：iOS、Android、Html5、Arduino、pcDuino，否则，出自本博客的文章拒绝转载或再转载，谢谢合作。

以下从苹果官网摘录的 NSString 的目录信息，大家发现了，条目太多，不过看一下分类，一共24个，好像少很多了吧，就是这样，理解了每一个分类所要做的事情和做事情的原则，那么再具体到由哪一个方法来做，就没那么重要了，苹果的方法重载与 C++/Java 不太一样，但那只是表面形式的不同，本质是一样的，都是 面向对象/基于对象 的那些基本特点：重载、多态、继承、封装，还有一些原则，比如对修改封闭，对扩展开放，等等...!

接下来，24类看着也有点多，我再帮初学者们扎腾扎腾，你就会发现，这些看似一堆 一堆 的东西，变得条理清晰，也没那么让人头疼了。

NSString 类参考

NSString Class Reference

继承自
Inherits from

NSObject

遵循的协议
Conforms to

NSCopying
NSMutableCopying
NSSecureCoding
NSObject (NSObject)

所在框架
Framework

/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework

可用于的 iOS 版本
Availability

Available in iOS 2.0 and later.

声明于头文件
Declared in

NSLinguisticTagger.h
NSPathUtilities.h
NSString.h
NSURL.h

配套的开发指南
Companion guides

String Programming Guide
Property List Programming Guide

相关的示例代码
Related sample code

AdvancedURLConnections

AirDrop Examples

BonjourWeb

MVCNetworking

TableView Fundamentals for iOS

1、创建和初始化字符串
Creating and Initializing Strings

• + string
• – init
• – initWithBytes:length:encoding:
• – initWithBytesNoCopy:length:encoding:freeWhenDone:
• – initWithCharacters:length:
• – initWithCharactersNoCopy:length:freeWhenDone:
• – initWithString:
• – initWithCString:encoding:
• – initWithUTF8String:
• – initWithFormat:
• – initWithFormat:arguments:
• – initWithFormat:locale:
• – initWithFormat:locale:arguments:
• – initWithData:encoding:
• + stringWithFormat:
• + localizedStringWithFormat:
• + stringWithCharacters:length:
• + stringWithString:
• + stringWithCString:encoding:
• + stringWithUTF8String:
• + stringWithCString: Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• + stringWithCString:length: Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• – initWithCString: Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• – initWithCString:length: Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• – initWithCStringNoCopy:length:freeWhenDone: Deprecated in iOS 2.0

2、从一个文件创建和初始化字符串
Creating and Initializing a String from a File

• + stringWithContentsOfFile:encoding:error:
• – initWithContentsOfFile:encoding:error:
• + stringWithContentsOfFile:usedEncoding:error:
• – initWithContentsOfFile:usedEncoding:error:
• + stringWithContentsOfFile: Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• – initWithContentsOfFile: Deprecated in iOS 2.0

3、从一个 URL 创建和初始化字符串
Creating and Initializing a String from an URL

• + stringWithContentsOfURL:encoding:error:
• – initWithContentsOfURL:encoding:error:
• + stringWithContentsOfURL:usedEncoding:error:
• – initWithContentsOfURL:usedEncoding:error:
• + stringWithContentsOfURL: Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• – initWithContentsOfURL: Deprecated in iOS 2.0

4、将字符串内容写到文件或 URL
Writing to a File or URL

• – writeToFile:atomically:encoding:error:
• – writeToURL:atomically:encoding:error:
• – writeToFile:atomically: Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• – writeToURL:atomically: Deprecated in iOS 2.0

5、获取字符串长度
Getting a String’s Length

• – length
• – lengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:
• – maximumLengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:

6、获取字符和字节
Getting Characters and Bytes

• – characterAtIndex:
• – getCharacters:range:
• – getBytes:maxLength:usedLength:encoding:options:range:remainingRange:
• – getCharacters: Deprecated in iOS 4.0

7、获取 C 字符串
Getting C Strings

• – cStringUsingEncoding:
• – getCString:maxLength:encoding:
• – UTF8String
• – cString Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• – cStringLength Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• – getCString: Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• – getCString:maxLength: Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• – getCString:maxLength:range:remainingRange: Deprecated in iOS 2.0
• – lossyCString Deprecated in iOS 2.0

8、拼接字符串
Combining Strings

• – stringByAppendingFormat:
• – stringByAppendingString:
• – stringByPaddingToLength:withString:startingAtIndex:

9、拆分字符串
Dividing Strings

• – componentsSeparatedByString:
• – componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:
• – stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:
• – substringFromIndex:
• – substringWithRange:
• – substringToIndex:

10、查找字符和子字符串
Finding Characters and Substrings

• – rangeOfCharacterFromSet:
• – rangeOfCharacterFromSet:options:
• – rangeOfCharacterFromSet:options:range:
• – rangeOfString:
• – rangeOfString:options:
• – rangeOfString:options:range:
• – rangeOfString:options:range:locale:
• – enumerateLinesUsingBlock:
• – enumerateSubstringsInRange:options:usingBlock:

11、替换字符串
Replacing Substrings

• – stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:withString:
• – stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:withString:options:range:
• – stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:withString:

12、确定行和段落的范围
Determining Line and Paragraph Ranges

• – getLineStart:end:contentsEnd:forRange:
• – lineRangeForRange:
• – getParagraphStart:end:contentsEnd:forRange:
• – paragraphRangeForRange:

13、确定组成字符的顺序*
Determining Composed Character Sequences

• – rangeOfComposedCharacterSequenceAtIndex:
• – rangeOfComposedCharacterSequencesForRange:

14、将字符串内容转换成属性列表
Converting String Contents Into a Property List

• – propertyList
• – propertyListFromStringsFileFormat

15、识别和比较字符串
Identifying and Comparing Strings

• – caseInsensitiveCompare:
• – localizedCaseInsensitiveCompare:
• – compare:
• – localizedCompare:
• – compare:options:
• – compare:options:range:
• – compare:options:range:locale:
• – localizedStandardCompare:
• – hasPrefix:
• – hasSuffix:
• – isEqualToString:
• – hash

16、拆叠字符串*
Folding Strings

• – stringByFoldingWithOptions:locale:

17、获取公共的前缀
Getting a Shared Prefix

• – commonPrefixWithString:options:

18、改变大小写
Changing Case

• – capitalizedString
• – capitalizedStringWithLocale:
• – lowercaseString
• – lowercaseStringWithLocale:
• – uppercaseString
• – uppercaseStringWithLocale:

19、使用映射获取多个字符串*
Getting Strings with Mapping

• – decomposedStringWithCanonicalMapping
• – decomposedStringWithCompatibilityMapping
• – precomposedStringWithCanonicalMapping
• – precomposedStringWithCompatibilityMapping

20、获取数字值
Getting Numeric Values

• – doubleValue
• – floatValue
• – intValue
• – integerValue
• – longLongValue
• – boolValue

21、处理字符编码
Working with Encodings

• + availableStringEncodings
• + defaultCStringEncoding
• + localizedNameOfStringEncoding:
• – canBeConvertedToEncoding:
• – dataUsingEncoding:
• – dataUsingEncoding:allowLossyConversion:
• – description
• – fastestEncoding
• – smallestEncoding

22、处理路径
Working with Paths

• + pathWithComponents:
• – pathComponents
• – completePathIntoString:caseSensitive:matchesIntoArray:filterTypes:
• – fileSystemRepresentation
• – getFileSystemRepresentation:maxLength:
• – isAbsolutePath
• – lastPathComponent
• – pathExtension
• – stringByAbbreviatingWithTildeInPath
• – stringByAppendingPathComponent:
• – stringByAppendingPathExtension:
• – stringByDeletingLastPathComponent
• – stringByDeletingPathExtension
• – stringByExpandingTildeInPath
• – stringByResolvingSymlinksInPath
• – stringByStandardizingPath
• – stringsByAppendingPaths:

23、处理 URL
Working with URLs

• – stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:
• – stringByReplacingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:
• – stringByAddingPercentEncodingWithAllowedCharacters:
• – stringByRemovingPercentEncoding

24、语言标记和分析*
Linguistic Tagging and Analysis

• – enumerateLinguisticTagsInRange:scheme:options:orthography:usingBlock:
• – linguisticTagsInRange:scheme:options:orthography:tokenRanges:

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