Python+Django+SAE系列教程13-----MySQL记录的添\删\改
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建立了数据库后，我们就来做一个简单的表（person_classroom）的添加、删除、修改的操作。
首先我们建立一个添加的页面的模板Classroom_Add.html（添加的表单）并把它放在Bidding\templates\person中：
Classroom_Add.html：
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"><html><head> <title>数据库操作简单表的添加</title></head><body> <h1>这里是Classroom的添加页面</h1> {% if error %} <p style="color: red;">请输入班级名称和导师姓名</p> {% endif %} <form action="" method="get"> <table border="1" cellpadding="10"> <tr> <td align="center">项目</td> <td align="center">内容</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right">班级名称：</td> <td><input type="text" name="name"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right">导师姓名：</td> <td><input type="text" name="tutor"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><input type="submit" value="添加"></td> </tr> </table> </form> </body></html>Classroom_Add_results.html：
<html><head> <title>查询用户结果页</title></head><body> <table border="1" cellpadding="5"><tr> <td>班级：{{name}}添加成功 ！</td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/ClassRoom/add/">点击返回</a></td> </tr> </table></body></html>上面的 这个文件时添加后的结果页。然后建立对应的view，我们修改person/views.py 文件
Views.py：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from django.shortcuts import render_to_responsefrom django.db import connection,transactionfrom person.models import *def ClassroonAdd(request): if 'name' in request.GET and request.GET['name'] and 'tutor' in request.GET and request.GET['tutor']: name = request.GET['name'] tutor = request.GET['tutor'] cursor=connection.cursor() sql='insert into person_classroom (name,tutor) values (\''+name+'\',\''+tutor+'\')' cursor.execute(sql) transaction.commit_unless_managed() cursor.close() return render_to_response('person/Classroom_Add_results.html', {'name': name}) else: return render_to_response('person/Classroom_Add.html', {'error': True})在修改一下urls.py文件:
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url# Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:# from django.contrib import admin# admin.autodiscover()urlpatterns = patterns('', # Examples: # url(r'^$', 'Bidding.views.home', name='home'), # url(r'^Bidding/', include('Bidding.foo.urls')), # Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation: # url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')), # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin: # url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), url(r'^hello/$', 'Bidding.views.hello'), url(r'^time/$', 'Bidding.views.current_datetime'), url(r'^time/plus/(\d{1,2})/$', 'Bidding.views.hours_ahead'), url(r'^hello_base/$', 'Bidding.views.hello_base'), url(r'^request_test/$', 'Bidding.views.request_test'), url(r'^UsersSearch/$', 'Bidding.Users.views.search_form'), url(r'^search/$', 'Bidding.Users.views.search'), url(r'^ClassRoom/add/$', 'person.views.ClassroonAdd'),)这时我们的添加就做好了，访问一下classroom/add这个 页面，就可以看到结果了。
不过上面我们所说的办法是执行一个原始的sql语句，这个方式其实并不是Django推荐的，我们可以直接使用models操作数据库的方法，改造一下ClassroomAdd这个视图：
def ClassroonAdd(request): if 'name' in request.GET and request.GET['name'] and 'tutor' in request.GET and request.GET['tutor']: name = request.GET['name'] tutor = request.GET['tutor'] c = ClassRoom(name=name,tutor=tutor) c.save() return render_to_response('person/Classroom_Add_results.html', {'name': name}) else: return render_to_response('person/Classroom_Add.html', {'error': True})这样的方法即简单，有不用我们很多sql的语法，并且最重要的是如果更换数据库类型（sqlserver->oracle），也不会因为受sql语法不一致的影响。
在接下来，我们来做一个列表页，把数据库中的Classroom表的记录以一个表格的形式显示出来。还是从模板先入手，建立一个Classroom_List.html，放入Bidding\templates\person文件夹下：
Classroom_List.html：
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"><html><head> <title>数据库操作简单表的添加</title></head><body> <h1>这里是Classroom的管理页面</h1> <table border="1" cellpadding="10"> <tr> <td align="center">序号</td> <td align="center">班级名称</td> <td align="center">导师姓名</td> </tr> {% for myclass in ClassroonList%} <tr> <td align="right">{{ myclass.id }}</td> <td align="right">{{ myclass.name }}</td> <td align="right">{{ myclass.tutor }}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} </table> </body></html>添加视图：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from django.shortcuts import render_to_responsefrom django.db import connection,transactionfrom person.models import *def ClassroonAdd(request): if 'name' in request.GET and request.GET['name'] and 'tutor' in request.GET and request.GET['tutor']: name = request.GET['name'] tutor = request.GET['tutor'] cursor=connection.cursor() sql='insert into person_classroom (name,tutor) values (\''+name+'\',\''+tutor+'\')' cursor.execute(sql) transaction.commit_unless_managed() cursor.close() return render_to_response('person/Classroom_Add_results.html', {'name': name}) else: return render_to_response('person/Classroom_Add.html', {'error': True})def ClassroonAdd(request): if 'name' in request.GET and request.GET['name'] and 'tutor' in request.GET and request.GET['tutor']: name = request.GET['name'] tutor = request.GET['tutor'] c = ClassRoom(name=name,tutor=tutor) c.save() return render_to_response('person/Classroom_Add_results.html', {'name': name}) else: return render_to_response('person/Classroom_Add.html', {'error': True})def ClassroonList(request): cursor=connection.cursor() sql='select id,name,tutor from person_classroom' ClassroonList=ClassRoom.objects.raw(sql) return render_to_response('person/Classroom_List.html', {'ClassroonList': ClassroonList})配置urls.py:
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url# Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:# from django.contrib import admin# admin.autodiscover()urlpatterns = patterns('', # Examples: # url(r'^$', 'Bidding.views.home', name='home'), # url(r'^Bidding/', include('Bidding.foo.urls')), # Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation: # url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')), # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin: # url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), url(r'^hello/$', 'Bidding.views.hello'), url(r'^time/$', 'Bidding.views.current_datetime'), url(r'^time/plus/(\d{1,2})/$', 'Bidding.views.hours_ahead'), url(r'^hello_base/$', 'Bidding.views.hello_base'), url(r'^request_test/$', 'Bidding.views.request_test'), url(r'^UsersSearch/$', 'Bidding.Users.views.search_form'), url(r'^search/$', 'Bidding.Users.views.search'), url(r'^ClassRoom/add/$', 'person.views.ClassroonAdd'), url(r'^ClassRoom/list/$', 'person.views.ClassroonList'),)如同上述讨论的一样，我们现在的视图执行的是一个原始的sql，现在我们需要用models来修改一下：
def ClassroonList(request): cursor=connection.cursor() ClassroonList=ClassRoom.objects.all() #ClassroonList=ClassRoom.objects.filter(name__icontains='大') return render_to_response('person/Classroom_List.html', {'ClassroonList': ClassroonList}) 如果需要执行where或者order by等操作可以这样：
ClassroonList=ClassRoom.objects.filter(name__icontains='大').order_by(‘name’)
这里还有很多关于选择的内容以后我们逐渐会介绍到。
做完了列表页，我们在来做一个修改的页面，思路是这样的：在列表页中的每一行的后面添加一列“修改”按钮，点击按钮后跳转到修改页面，首先以此条记录的主键专递到修改页面，在修改页面中要先读取出数据库中的信息，然后点击确定按钮以后执行修改操作。
我们首先来修改这个管理页面的模板：
Classroom_List.html：
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"><html><head> <title>数据库操作简单表的添加</title></head><body> <h1>这里是Classroom的管理页面</h1> <table border="1" cellpadding="10"> <tr> <td align="center">序号</td> <td align="center">班级名称</td> <td align="center">导师姓名</td> <td align="center">操作</td> </tr> {% for myclass in ClassroonList%} <tr> <td align="right">{{ myclass.id }}</td> <td align="right">{{ myclass.name }}</td> <td align="right">{{ myclass.tutor }}</td> <td align="right"><input type="button" onClick="Modify({{ myclass.id }})" value="修改"></td> </tr> {% endfor %} </table> <script language="javascript"> function Modify(id) {location.href='../Modify/'+id } </script></body></html> 建立一个Classroom_Modify.html模板，把它放在Bidding\templates\person文件夹下
Classroom_Modify.html：
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"><html><head> <title>数据库操作简单表的修改</title></head><body> <h1>这里是Classroom--{{name}}的修改页面</h1> {% if error %} <p style="color: red;">请输入班级名称和导师姓名</p> {% endif %} <form action="" method="get"> <table border="1" cellpadding="10"> <tr> <td align="center">项目</td> <td align="center">内容</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right">班级名称：</td> <td><input type="text" name="name" value="{{name}}"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right">导师姓名：</td> <td><input type="text" name="tutor" value="{{tutor}}"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value="{{id}}"> <input type="submit" value="修改"> <input type="button" value="返回" onClick="location.href='../../list'"> </td> </tr> </table> </form></body></html>Classroom_Modify_results.html：
<html><head> <title>查询用户结果页</title></head><body> <table border="1" cellpadding="5"><tr> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="center">修改前</td> <td align="center">修改后</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right">班级名称：</td> <td align="right">{{old_name}}</td> <td align="right">{{new_name}}</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right">导师姓名：</td> <td align="right">{{old_tutor}}</td> <td align="right">{{new_tutor}}</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="center">修改成功！</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="center"><a href="../../list/">点击返回</a></td> </tr> </table></body></html>添加视图：
def ClassroonModify(request,id1): cursor=connection.cursor() sql='select id,name,tutor from person_classroom where id='+id1 ClassroonList=ClassRoom.objects.raw(sql) old_name = ClassroonList[0].name old_tutor = ClassroonList[0].tutor if 'name' in request.GET and request.GET['name'] and 'tutor' in request.GET and request.GET['tutor']: new_name = request.GET['name'] new_tutor = request.GET['tutor'] cursor=connection.cursor() sql='update person_classroom set name=\''+new_name+'\',tutor=\''+new_tutor+'\' where id=\''+id1+'\'' cursor.execute(sql) transaction.commit_unless_managed() cursor.close() return render_to_response('person/Classroom_Modify_results.html', {'old_name': old_name,'old_tutor':old_tutor,'new_name':new_name,'new_tutor':new_tutor}) else: return render_to_response('person/Classroom_Modify.html', {'error': True,'id':id1,'name':old_name,'tutor':old_tutor})编辑urls.py，这里面需要注意的是正则的写法，这个之前的章节已经说过了，这里我们可以再复习一遍：
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url# Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:# from django.contrib import admin# admin.autodiscover()urlpatterns = patterns('', # Examples: # url(r'^$', 'Bidding.views.home', name='home'), # url(r'^Bidding/', include('Bidding.foo.urls')), # Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation: # url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')), # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin: # url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), url(r'^hello/$', 'Bidding.views.hello'), url(r'^time/$', 'Bidding.views.current_datetime'), url(r'^time/plus/(\d{1,2})/$', 'Bidding.views.hours_ahead'), url(r'^hello_base/$', 'Bidding.views.hello_base'), url(r'^request_test/$', 'Bidding.views.request_test'), url(r'^UsersSearch/$', 'Bidding.Users.views.search_form'), url(r'^search/$', 'Bidding.Users.views.search'), url(r'^ClassRoom/add/$', 'person.views.ClassroonAdd'), url(r'^ClassRoom/list/$', 'person.views.ClassroonList'), url(r'^ClassRoom/modify/(\d+)/$', 'person.views.ClassroonModify'),)如同添加时候的问题，我们这里面使用的仍然是最原始的sql语句，我们同样可以给他修改成为model的方式：
def ClassroonModify(request,id1): cursor=connection.cursor() Classroon=ClassRoom.objects.get(id=id1) old_name = Classroon.name old_tutor = Classroon.tutor cursor.close() if 'name' in request.GET and request.GET['name'] and 'tutor' in request.GET and request.GET['tutor']: new_name = request.GET['name'] new_tutor = request.GET['tutor'] Classroon.name=new_name Classroon.tutor=new_tutor Classroon.save() return render_to_response('person/Classroom_Modify_results.html', {'old_name': old_name,'old_tutor':old_tutor,'new_name':new_name,'new_tutor':new_tutor}) else: return render_to_response('person/Classroom_Modify.html', {'error': True,'id':id1,'name':old_name,'tutor':old_tutor})这样看起来是不是简便多了？我们打开 页面看看效果吧 ：
接下来我们来做删除的功能，首先修改列表页的模板，加入一列删除按钮：
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"><html><head> <title>数据库操作简单表的添加</title></head><body> <h1>这里是Classroom的管理页面</h1> <table border="1" cellpadding="10"> <tr> <td align="center">序号</td> <td align="center">班级名称</td> <td align="center">导师姓名</td> <td align="center">操作</td> </tr> {% for myclass in ClassroonList%} <tr> <td align="right">{{ myclass.id }}</td> <td align="right">{{ myclass.name }}</td> <td align="right">{{ myclass.tutor }}</td> <td align="right"><input type="button" onClick="Modify({{ myclass.id }})" value="修改"> <input type="button" onClick="Delete({{ myclass.id }})" value="删除"> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </table> <script language="javascript"> function Modify(id) {location.href='../modify/'+id } function Delete(id) {location.href='../delete/'+id } </script></body></html>Classroom_Delete_results.html:
<html><head> <title>查询用户结果页</title></head><body> <table border="1" cellpadding="5"><tr> <td>班级：{{name}}删除成功 ！</td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/ClassRoom/list/">点击返回</a></td> </tr> </table></body></html>修改视图：
def ClassroonDelete(request,id1): cursor=connection.cursor() Classroon=ClassRoom.objects.get(id=id1) old_name = Classroon.name Classroon.delete() ClassroonList=ClassRoom.objects.all() cursor.close() return render_to_response('person/Classroom_Delete_results.html',{'name':old_name})配置urls.py:
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url# Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:# from django.contrib import admin# admin.autodiscover()urlpatterns = patterns('', # Examples: # url(r'^$', 'Bidding.views.home', name='home'), # url(r'^Bidding/', include('Bidding.foo.urls')), # Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation: # url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')), # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin: # url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), url(r'^hello/$', 'Bidding.views.hello'), url(r'^time/$', 'Bidding.views.current_datetime'), url(r'^time/plus/(\d{1,2})/$', 'Bidding.views.hours_ahead'), url(r'^hello_base/$', 'Bidding.views.hello_base'), url(r'^request_test/$', 'Bidding.views.request_test'), url(r'^UsersSearch/$', 'Bidding.Users.views.search_form'), url(r'^search/$', 'Bidding.Users.views.search'), url(r'^ClassRoom/add/$', 'person.views.ClassroonAdd'), url(r'^ClassRoom/list/$', 'person.views.ClassroonList'), url(r'^ClassRoom/modify/(\d+)/$', 'person.views.ClassroonModify'), url(r'^ClassRoom/delete/(\d+)/$', 'person.views.ClassroonDelete'),)
到此，我们就做好了一个简单的表的添加、删除、修改的操作。
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