Python拷贝/删除文件夹

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1. 拷贝文件夹

from shutil import copytree, ignore_patternscopytree(source, destination, ignore=ignore_patterns('*.pyc', 'tmp*'))

注:shutil.copytree实现
def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None):    names = os.listdir(src)    if ignore is not None:        ignored_names = ignore(src, names)    else:        ignored_names = set()    os.makedirs(dst)    errors = []    for name in names:        if name in ignored_names:            continue        srcname = os.path.join(src, name)        dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)        try:            if symlinks and os.path.islink(srcname):                linkto = os.readlink(srcname)                os.symlink(linkto, dstname)            elif os.path.isdir(srcname):                copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks, ignore)            else:                copy2(srcname, dstname)            # XXX What about devices, sockets etc.?        except (IOError, os.error) as why:            errors.append((srcname, dstname, str(why)))        # catch the Error from the recursive copytree so that we can        # continue with other files        except Error as err:            errors.extend(err.args[0])    try:        copystat(src, dst)    except WindowsError:        # can't copy file access times on Windows        pass    except OSError as why:        errors.extend((src, dst, str(why)))    if errors:        raise Error(errors)

2. 删除文件夹

#! /usr/bash/python# encoding:utf-8import osimport os.pathimport statimport shutilclass DelDir:''' 删除指定根目录下特定文件夹 '''def __init__(self, root, dirname):self.root = rootself.dirname = dirnamedef run(self):for r, dirs, files in os.walk(self.root):if self.dirname in dirs:srcDir = os.path.join(r, self.dirname)#更改权限(win7会出现权限问题)os.chmod(srcDir, stat.S_IREAD | stat.S_IWRITE)result = shutil.rmtree(srcDir, False, self.__handler)print  "%s" %(srcDir)def __handler(self, function, path, excinfo):''' 删除出错处理 '''#更改权限(win7会出现权限问题)os.chmod(path, stat.S_IREAD | stat.S_IWRITE)function(path)print "[Handler] ==> Path:%s  \n\tHandler the Error: %s" %(path, excinfo)if __name__ == '__main__':rootdir = r"E:\workspace\minioffice\mini-core\src\main\webapp" # 需要处理的文件夹rootdir = unicode(rootdir, "utf8")dirname = ".svn" # 删除的文件夹c = DelDir(rootdir, dirname)c.run()

Python实现文件夹递归拷贝

 
目标:
1.多层文件夹嵌套,在要备份的文件夹中嵌套多个文件夹
2.增量备份,因为文件较多,且之前已有部分备份,所以只需对新增的文件进行备份,提升效率
 
Python安装:
1.下载安装包,http://www.python.org/getit/,可以选择Python2或3,2的兼容性更好
2.添加Python安装目录如D:\Program\Python到环境变量Path中
 
编写脚本:
Python中自身有文件夹拷贝的API,但有诸多限制,不能满足需求,所以自己实现
要点有两个:
1.递归拷贝,因为有多层嵌套文件夹,所以用递归实现
2.错误处理,要考虑文件夹不存在的情况
 
脚本如下:
###########################################################################
# -*- coding: GBK -*-
# 文件自动备份脚本
# 作者:阿凡提
import os
import shutil
# 设置待备份的源文件夹及存放备份文件的目标文件夹
srcDir = "f:\\src"
dstDir = "f:\\dst"
# 目录递归拷贝函数
def dir_copyTree(src, dst):
    names = os.listdir(src)
    # 目标文件夹不存在,则新建
    if not os.path.exists(dst):
        os.mkdir(dst)
    # 遍历源文件夹中的文件与文件夹
    for name in names:
        srcname = os.path.join(src, name)
        dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)
        try:
            # 是文件夹则递归调用本拷贝函数,否则直接拷贝文件
            if os.path.isdir(srcname):                
                dir_copyTree(srcname, dstname)
            else:
                if (not os.path.exists(dstname)
                    or ((os.path.exists(dstname))
                        and (os.path.getsize(dstname) != os.path.getsize(srcname)))):
                    print dstname
                    shutil.copy2(srcname, dst)
        except:
            error.traceback();
            raise
# 备份函数
def dir_backup():
    global srcDir
    global dstDir
    print "源文件夹" + srcDir
    print "目标文件夹" + dstDir
    print "本次拷贝文件:"
    dir_copyTree(srcDir, dstDir)
    # 将此句注释则会一闪而过,方便自动备份
    raw_input ("备份完成")
# 执行备份函数
dir_backup()
###########################################################################
 
结合Windows的任务计划程序定时运行此脚本,即可实现自动备份的目的。

python 文件夹复制加强版

shutil模块主要用于文件夹的操作。其中copytree用来对文件夹进行复制,但是比较遗憾的是,如果目标文件已经存在的话,该函数就会报错抛异常了,非常地不给力。求人不如求已,看到帮助文档中有此方法的源码,就修改了一下,使其默认可以支持文件和文件夹的覆盖。

import osimport os.pathimport shutildef copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False):    names = os.listdir(src)    if not os.path.isdir(dst):        os.makedirs(dst)            errors = []    for name in names:        srcname = os.path.join(src, name)        dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)        try:            if symlinks and os.path.islink(srcname):                linkto = os.readlink(srcname)                os.symlink(linkto, dstname)            elif os.path.isdir(srcname):                copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks)            else:                if os.path.isdir(dstname):                    os.rmdir(dstname)                elif os.path.isfile(dstname):                    os.remove(dstname)                shutil.copy2(srcname, dstname)            # XXX What about devices, sockets etc.?        except (IOError, os.error) as why:            errors.append((srcname, dstname, str(why)))        # catch the Error from the recursive copytree so that we can        # continue with other files        except OSError as err:            errors.extend(err.args[0])    try:        copystat(src, dst)    except WindowsError:        # can't copy file access times on Windows        pass    except OSError as why:        errors.extend((src, dst, str(why)))    if errors:        raise Error(errors)if __name__ == '__main__':    copytree('E:/book', 'E:/newbook')



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