Spring MVC注解配置结合Hibernate的入门教程及其代码实例

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代码下载地址：http://www.zuidaima.com/share/1787210045197312.htm

1、概述

本文旨在搭建Spring MVC+Hibernate开发框架，通过一个简单的demo讲解Spring MVC的相关配置文件，以及通过注解方式实现简单功能。

开发框架：Spring+Spring MVC+Hibernate（Spring所用的版本为3.0.5）。

数据库：MySQL（数据库名称test，demo工程所用的表名为user_info）。

2、开发框架搭建

2.1 创建工程

         在Eclipse的Java EE版本或MyEclipse中创建一个Dynamic Web Project。并创建如下包：

（1）com.dao：系统的DAO；

（2）com.model：表的实体类（使用Hibernate），在该工程中不配置.hbm.xml映射文件，采取注解的方式；

（3）com.service：业务逻辑接口类和实现类；

（4）com.web：Spring MVC的Controllor类；

（5）com.config：Spring和Spring MVC的配置文件。

创建成功后包结构如下所示：
   springmvctest
        src 
        ----com
            ----amigo
                ----dao
                ----model
                ----service
                ----web
         ----config
         WebContent
         ----META-INF
         ----WEB-INF
             ----lib
             ----classes
 

 

2.2 引入相关包

         需要将Spring、Spring MVC、Hibernate、MySQL驱动、log4j、c3p0数据源等的相关包引入。lib目录下的jar包如下：
      antlr-2.7.6.jar
      aopalliance.jar
      asm-attrs.jar
      asm.jar
      c3p0-0.9.0.jar
      cglib-2.1.3.jar
      commons-beanutils-1.8.0.jar
      commons-beanutils-bean-collections-1.8.0.jar
      commons-betwixt-0.8.jar
      commons-collections-2.1.1.jar
      commons-digester-2.1.jar
      commons-discovery-0.2.jar
      commons-httpclient.jar
      commons-logging.jar
      dom4j-1.6.1.jar
      ehcache-1.2.3.jar
      ejb3-persistence.jar
      hibernate-annotations.jar
      hibernate-commons-annotations.jar
      hibernate-entitymanager.jar
      hibernate-validator.jar
      hibernate3.jar
      jaas.jar
      javassist.jar
      jaxen-1.1-beta-7.jar
      jaxrpc.jar
      jboss-archive-browsing.jar
      jdbc2_0-stdext.jar
      jta.jar
      log4j-1.2.11.jar
      mysql-connector-java-5.0.4-bin.jar
      org.springframework.aop-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
      org.springframework.asm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
      org.springframework.aspects-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
      org.springframework.beans-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
      org.springframework.context-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
      org.springframework.context.support-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
      org.springframework.core-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
      org.springframework.expression-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
      org.springframework.instrument-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
      org.springframework.instrument.tomcat-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
      org.springframework.jdbc-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
      org.springframework.jms-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
      org.springframework.orm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
      org.springframework.oxm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
      org.springframework.test-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
      org.springframework.transaction-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
      org.springframework.web-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
      org.springframework.web.servlet-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
      saaj.jar
      wsdl4j.jar
      xerces-2.6.2.jar
      xml-apis.jar

 

2.3 配置文件

2.3.1 配置web.xml

         在web.xml中需要配置Spring的配置文件（applicationContext.xml）和Spring MVC配置文件（spring-mvc.xml），配置指定所有.do的请求都由Spring的DispatcherServlet类进行处理。

web.xml文件的参考配置如下：

<?xml version=" 1.0 " encoding=" UTF-8 " ?>  <web - app xmlns:xsi=" http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance " xmlns=" http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee " xmlns:web=" http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd " xsi:schemaLocation=" http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd " id=" WebApp_ID " version=" 2.5 ">  <display - name> springmvctest </display - name>  <welcome - file - list>  <welcome - file> index.html </welcome - file>  <welcome - file> index.htm </welcome - file>  <welcome - file> index.jsp </welcome - file>  </welcome - file - list>  <context - param>  <param - name> contextConfigLocation </param - name>  <param - value> classpath:config / applicationContext.xml </param - value>  </context - param>  <listener>  <listener - class> org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener </listener - class>  </listener>  <servlet>  <servlet - name> spring - mvc </servlet - name>  <servlet - class> org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet </servlet - class>  <init - param>  <param - name> contextConfigLocation </param - name>  <param - value> classpath:config / spring - mvc.xml </param - value>  </init - param>  <load - on - startup> </load - on - startup>  </servlet>  <servlet - mapping>  <servlet - name> spring - mvc </servlet - name>  <url - pattern>* . do </url - pattern>  </servlet - mapping>  <filter>  <filter - name> encodingFilter </filter - name>  <filter - class> org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter </filter - class>  <init - param>  <param - name> encoding </param - name>  <param - value> UTF - </param - value>  </init - param>  <init - param>  <param - name> forceEncoding </param - name>  <param - value> true </param - value>  </init - param>  </filter>  <filter - mapping>  <filter - name> encodingFilter </filter - name>  <url - pattern> /**/ /*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping></web-app>

2.3.2 配置 spring 的配置文件

Spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml文件中主要配置对Hibernate的事务的管理，该配置文件的参考配置如下：

<?xml version=" 1.0 " encoding=" UTF-8 " ?>  <beans xmlns=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans " xmlns:xsi=" http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance " xmlns:context=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/context " xmlns:aop=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop " xmlns:task=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/task "  xsi:schemaLocation=" http: // www.springframework.org/schema/beans  http: // www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd  http: // www.springframework.org/schema/context  http: // www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd  http: // www.springframework.org/schema/aop  http: // www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd  http: // www.springframework.org/schema/task  http: // www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.0.xsd">  <context:annotation - config />  <!-- 扫描annotation类，过滤Service，Repository -->  <context:component - scan base - package=" com.zuidaima ">  <context:include - filter type=" annotation " expression=" org.springframework.stereotype.Service " />  <context:include - filter type=" annotation " expression=" org.springframework.stereotype.Repository " />  </context:component - scan>  <bean id=" dataSource " class=" com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource " destroy - method=" close ">  <property name=" driverClass ">  <value> com.mysql.jdbc.Driver </value>  </property>  <property name=" jdbcUrl ">  <value> jdbc:mysql: // localhost/test</value>  </property>  <property name=" user ">  <value> root </value>  </property>  <property name=" password ">  <value> 123456 </value>  </property>  <property name=" maxPoolSize ">  <value> </value>  </property>  <property name=" minPoolSize ">  <value> </value>  </property>  <property name=" initialPoolSize ">  <value> </value>  </property>  <property name=" maxIdleTime ">  <value> </value>  </property>  </bean>  <bean id=" sessionFactory " class=" org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean ">  <property name=" dataSource " ref=" dataSource " />  <property name=" packagesToScan " value=" com.zuidaima.model* "></property>  <property name=" hibernateProperties ">  <props>  <prop key=" hibernate.dialect "> org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect </prop>  <prop key=" show_sql "> true </prop>  <prop key=" hibernate.jdbc.batch_size "> </prop>  </props>  </property>  </bean>  <!-- 不破坏数据库,注册SessionFactory -->  <bean id=" transactionManager " class=" org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager ">  <property name=" sessionFactory " ref=" sessionFactory "></property>  </bean>  <bean id=" transactionInterceptor "  class=" org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor ">  <property name=" transactionManager " ref=" transactionManager "></property>  <property name=" transactionAttributes ">  <props>  <prop key=" save* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>  <prop key=" update* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>  <prop key=" delete* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>  <prop key=" find* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>  <prop key=" get* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>  <prop key=" execute* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>  <prop key=" load* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>  <prop key=" merge* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>  <prop key=" add* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>  </props>  </property>  </bean>  <bean class=" org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator ">  <property name=" beanNames ">  <list>  <value>* Service </value>  </list>  </property>  <property name= " interceptorNames ">  <list>  <value> transactionInterceptor </value>  </list>  </property>  </bean>  </beans>

2.3.3 配置 Spring MVC 配置文件

Spring MVC的配置文件spring-mvc.xml中主要是Controller的配置信息，该文件的参考配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>  <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd"  default-lazy-init="true"> <context:annotation-config />  <!-- 使Spring支持自动检测组件，如注解的Controller -->  <context:component-scan base-package="com.zuidaima.web"/>  <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" p:prefix="/WEB-INF" p:suffix=".jsp" />   <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping" />  <!-- 启动 Spring MVC 的注解功能，完成请求和注解 POJO 的映射 -->  <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"> <property name="messageConverters"> <list>  <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">  </bean>  </list>  </property>  </bean>  </beans>

2.4 创建数据库和表

创建test数据库和user_info表的SQL语句如下（为了简便，user_info只有一个USER_NAME字段）：

CREATE DATABASE test; USER test; CREATE TABLE user_info ( USER_NAME varchar ( 32 ) NOT NULL , PRIMARY KEY ( USER_NAME )) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET= utf8;

3、实例代码

3.1 DAO层

BaseHibernateDao类的代码如下所示：

package com.zuidaima.dao; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.hibernate.HibernateException; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException; import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessResourceFailureException; import org.springframework.dao.support.DaoSupport; import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate; import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils; public class BaseHibernateDao extends DaoSupport { private SessionFactory sessionFactory; private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate; public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() { return sessionFactory; } @Resource(name="sessionFactory") public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) { this.sessionFactory=sessionFactory; this.hibernateTemplate=createHibernateTemplate(sessionFactory); } public Session getSession() { if (this.sessionFactory==null) { throw new HibernateException("Session Create Fail,SessionFactory is null!"); } return this.sessionFactory.getCurrentSession(); } protected HibernateTemplate createHibernateTemplate( SessionFactory sessionFactory) { return new HibernateTemplate(sessionFactory); } @Override protected void checkDaoConfig() throws IllegalArgumentException { if (this.hibernateTemplate==null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("'sessionFactory' or 'hibernateTemplate' is required"); } }  protected final Session getSession(boolean allowCreate) throws DataAccessResourceFailureException, IllegalStateException { return (!allowCreate ? SessionFactoryUtils.getSession( getSessionFactory(), false) : SessionFactoryUtils.getSession( getSessionFactory(), this.hibernateTemplate.getEntityInterceptor(), this.hibernateTemplate.getJdbcExceptionTranslator())); } protected final DataAccessException convertHibernateAccessException( HibernateException ex) { return this.hibernateTemplate.convertHibernateAccessException(ex); } protected final void releaseSession(Session session) { SessionFactoryUtils.releaseSession(session, getSessionFactory()); if(null!=session)session=null; } public final void setHibernateTemplate(HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate) { this.hibernateTemplate=hibernateTemplate; } public final HibernateTemplate getHibernateTemplate() { return this.hibernateTemplate; }}

USER_INFO表的Dao类UserInfoDao类的代码如下所示：

package com.zuidaima.dao; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;@Repository public class UserInfoDao extends BaseHibernateDao {}

3.2 业务逻辑层

接口类IHelloService的代码如下：

package com.zuidaima.service; public interface IHelloService { public int addUser(String userName) throws Exception;;}

实现类HelloService类的代码如下：

package com.zuidaima.service; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import com.zuidaima.dao.UserInfoDao; import com.zuidaima.model.UserInfo;@Service( " helloService " )@Repository public class HelloService implements IHelloService ; }}

3.3 控制层

   控制类HelloControllor类接收userName参数，并调用相应的Service类将用户名保存到USER_INFO表中，该类的代码如下：

package com.zuidaima.web; import javax.annotation.Resource; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import com.zuidaima.service.IHelloService;@Controller@RequestMapping( " /test " ) public class HelloControllor { private static final Log log=LogFactory.getLog(HelloControllor.class); private IHelloService helloService; public IHelloService getHelloService() { return helloService; } @Resource public void setHelloService(IHelloService helloService) { this.helloService=helloService; } @RequestMapping("/hello.do") public @ResponseBody  String sayHello(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); String userName=request.getParameter("userName"); log.info("userName="+ userName); int resultCode=helloService.addUser(userName); String rspInfo="你好!" + userName + ",操作结果码="+ resultCode; response.setHeader("Content-type","text/html;charset=UTF-8"); response.getOutputStream().write(rspInfo.getBytes("UTF-8")); return ""; }}

@Controller注解标识一个控制器，@RequestMapping注解标记一个访问的路径；如果@RequestMapping注解在类级别上，则表示一相对路径，在方法级别上，则标记访问路径；

4、测试

测试时可以通过访问http://localhost:8080/springmvctest/test/hello.do?userName=amigo777，通过userName参数将用户名添加到USER_INFO表中。

从实例代码可以看出，POJO、DAO层、Service层和Controller层都是采用注解的方式将service、dao注入的，减少了配置量，方便了开发工作。