latex tikz使用总结

1 绘制流程图

\documentclass[a4paper,UTF8]{article}\usepackage{xcolor}\usepackage{tikz}\usetikzlibrary{arrows,shapes,chains}\begin{document}\centering\begin{figure}\scriptsize\tikzstyle{format}=[rectangle,draw,thin,fill=white]\tikzstyle{test}=[diamond,aspect=2,draw,thin]\tikzstyle{point}=[coordinate,on grid,]\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=8mm,auto,>=latex',thin,start chain=going below,every join/.style={norm},]\node[format] (n0){A};\node[format,below of=n0] (n1){B};\node[format,below of=n1] (n2){C};\node[format,below of=n2] (n3){D};\node[point,right of=n3] (p0){};\node[point,left of=n3] (p1){};\node[format,below of=n3] (n4){E};\node[format,below of=n4] (n5){F};\node[format,right of=n5] (n6){G};\node[test,below of=n5] (n7){H};\node[point,right of=n7] (p2){};\node[format,below of=n7] (n8){I};\draw[->] (n0.south) -- (n1);\draw[->] (n1.south) -- (n2);\draw[->] (n2.south) -- (n3);\draw[->] (n3.south) -- (n4);\draw[->] (n4.south) -- (n5);\draw[->] (n5.south) -- (n7);\draw[->] (n7.south) to node {Yes} (n8);\draw[->] (n7.east) to node {No} (p2) |- (n6.south);\draw[->] (n6.north) -- (p0) |- (n3.east);\end{tikzpicture}\end{figure}\end{document}

        format定义了语句块的颜色、形状和边，test定义了条件块的形状（菱形）和颜色等，point是像素点，用于连接转移线。有时我们会发现条件块的语句太长，可以在定义里指定条件块的宽度，这样编译出来的图形里的文字会自动换行，比如说

\tikzstyle{test}=[diamond,aspect=2,draw,thin,text width=2cm]

        start chain=going below指明了流程图的默认方向，node ditance=8mm则指明了默认的node距离。这些可以在定义node的时候更改，比如说

\node[point,right of=n3,node distance=10mm] (p0){};

        这里声明了node p0，它在node n3 的右边，距离是10mm。

        定义完node之后画线。线可以是实线、虚线、曲线等，也可以带箭头和不带箭头。
        箭头

\begin{figure}\scriptsize\tikzstyle{format}=[rectangle,draw,thin,fill=white]\tikzstyle{test}=[diamond,aspect=2,draw,thin,text width=2cm]\tikzstyle{point}=[coordinate,on grid,]\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=8mm,auto,>=latex',thin,start chain=going below,every join/.style={norm},]\node[format] (n0){A};\node[format,below of=n0] (n1){B};\draw[->] (n0.south) -- (n1);\end{tikzpicture}\end{figure}

        不带箭头

\begin{figure}\scriptsize\tikzstyle{format}=[rectangle,draw,thin,fill=white]\tikzstyle{test}=[diamond,aspect=2,draw,thin,text width=2cm]\tikzstyle{point}=[coordinate,on grid,]\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=8mm,auto,>=latex',thin,start chain=going below,every join/.style={norm},]\node[format] (n0){A};\node[format,below of=n0] (n1){B};\draw[-] (n0.south) -- (n1);\end{tikzpicture}\end{figure}

        双箭头和虚线

\begin{figure}\scriptsize\tikzstyle{format}=[rectangle,draw,thin,fill=white]\tikzstyle{test}=[diamond,aspect=2,draw,thin,text width=2cm]\tikzstyle{point}=[coordinate,on grid,]\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=18mm,auto,>=latex',thin,start chain=going below,every join/.style={norm},]\node[format] (n0){A};\node[format,below of=n0] (n1){B};\node[format,below of=n1](n2){C};\draw[<->] (n0.south) -- (n1.north);\draw[<-,dashed] (n1.south) -- (n2.north);\end{tikzpicture}\end{figure}

        带文字的线

\begin{figure}\scriptsize\tikzstyle{format}=[rectangle,draw,thin,fill=white]\tikzstyle{test}=[diamond,aspect=2,draw,thin,text width=2cm]\tikzstyle{point}=[coordinate,on grid,]\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=18mm,auto,>=latex',thin,start chain=going below,every join/.style={norm},]\node[format] (n0){A};\node[format,below of=n0] (n1){B};\node[format,below of=n1](n2){C};\draw[<-] (n0.south) to node{Yes} (n1.north);\draw[<-,dashed] (n1.south) -- (n2.north);\end{tikzpicture}\end{figure}

        文字总是在箭头方向的右边，如果想让文字在左边可以这样做，

\draw[->] (n1.north) to node{Yes} (n0.south);

        曲线和带颜色的线

\begin{figure}\scriptsize\tikzstyle{format}=[rectangle,draw,thin,fill=white]\tikzstyle{test}=[diamond,aspect=2,draw,thin,text width=2cm]\tikzstyle{point}=[coordinate,on grid,]\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=18mm,auto,>=latex',thin,start chain=going below,every join/.style={norm},]\node[format] (n0){A};\node[format,below of=n0] (n1){B};\node[format,below of=n1](n2){C};\draw[->] (n1.north) to[out=60,in=300] node{Yes} (n0.south);\draw[->,draw=red](n2)--(n1);\end{tikzpicture}\end{figure}

        除了使用below of, right of这些语句指定位置外，我们还可以直接指定node的位置

\node[format] (n0) at(3,0){A};

2 画故障树

\usetikzlibrary{arrows,shapes,chains,shapes.gates.logic.US,trees,positioning}

\begin{figure}\begin{tikzpicture}[and/.style={and gate US,thick,draw,fill=red!60,rotate=90,anchor=east,xshift=-1mm,scale=0.7},    or/.style={or gate US,thick,draw,fill=blue!60,rotate=90,anchor=east,xshift=-1mm,scale=0.7},    label distance=1mm,    every label/.style={blue},    event/.style={rectangle,thick,draw,fill=yellow!20,text width=0.5cm,text centered,font=\sffamily,anchor=north},basicEvent/.style={circle,thick,draw,fill=blue!20,text width=0.5cm,text centered,font=\sffamily,anchor=north},    edge from parent/.style={very thick,draw=black!70},    edge from parent path={(\tikzparentnode.south) -- ++(0,-0.8cm)-| (\tikzchildnode.north)},    level 1/.style={sibling distance=7cm,level distance=0.9cm,growth parent anchor=south,nodes=event},    level 2/.style={sibling distance=3cm},    level 3/.style={sibling distance=2cm},    level 4/.style={sibling distance=1cm}    ]    \node (g1) [event] {A}child{node (g2) {B}        child {node (g3) {C}        child {node (g4) {D}           child {node (t1)[basicEvent] {e0}}           child {node (b2)[basicEvent] {e1}}}   child {node (g5) {G}           child {node (t2)[basicEvent] {e1}}           child {node (b3)[basicEvent] {e2}}}}child {node (b1)[basicEvent] {e3}}};\node [and] at (g1.south) {};   \node [or] at (g2.south) {};   \node [and] at (g3.south) {};   \node [or] at (g4.south) {};   \node [or] at (g5.south) {};\end{tikzpicture}\end{figure}

        node .. child使用使用树的形式定义故障树，sibling distance=1cm声明了两个兄弟节点的距离，scale=0.7缩放逻辑门。

3 结合beamer

\begin{figure}\begin{minipage}[t]{0.68\linewidth}\begin{figure}\centering\footnotesize\tikzstyle{serviceA}=[rectangle,draw,ultra thick,fill=blue!40]\tikzstyle{serviceB}=[rectangle,draw,ultra thick,fill=blue!10]\tikzstyle{db}=[circle,draw,ultra thick,fill=red!20]\tikzstyle{dbA}=[circle,draw,ultra thick,fill=blue!40]\tikzstyle{dbB}=[circle,draw,ultra thick,fill=blue!10]\tikzstyle{explaination}=[]\tikzstyle{point}=[coordinate]\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=20mm,auto,>=latex',thin,start chain=going below,every join/.style={norm},invisible/.style={opacity=0},  visible on/.style={alt={#1{}{invisible}}},  alt/.code args={<#1>#2#3}{%    \alt<#1>{\pgfkeysalso{#2}}{\pgfkeysalso{#3}} % \pgfkeysalso doesn't change the path  },]\node[serviceA] (serviceA) at (0,0) {serviceA};\node[explaination,visible on=<1-1>] (s0a) at (-1,0) {$s_0$};\node[explaination,visible on=<2-4>] (s1a) at (-1,0) {$s_1$};\node[explaination,visible on=<5-5>] (s2a) at (-1,0) {$s_2$};\node[explaination,visible on=<6->] (s3a) at (-1,0) {$s_3$};\node[serviceB] (serviceB) at (4.5,0) {serviceB};\node[explaination,visible on=<1-1>] (s0b) at (5.5,0) {$s_0$};\node[explaination,visible on=<2-4>] (s1b) at (5.5,0) {$s_1$};\node[explaination,visible on=<5-5>] (s2b) at (5.5,0) {$s_2$};\node[explaination,visible on=<6->] (s3b) at (5.5,0) {$s_3$};\node[db] (db1) at (0,-4.5) {db1};\node[dbA,visible on=<3->] (db1a) at (0,-4.5) {db1};\node[explaination,visible on=<1-2>] (s01) at (-1,-4.5) {$s_0$};\node[explaination,visible on=<3-3>] (s11) at (-1,-4.5) {$s_1$};\node[explaination,visible on=<4->] (s21) at (-1,-4.5) {$s_2$};\node[db] (db2) at (4.5,-4.5) {db2};\node[dbB,visible on=<3->] (db2b) at (4.5,-4.5) {db2};\node[explaination,visible on=<1-2>] (s02) at (5.5,-4.5) {$s_0$};\node[explaination,visible on=<3-3>] (s12) at (5.5,-4.5) {$s_3$};\node[explaination,visible on=<4->] (s22) at (5.5,-4.5) {$s_4$};\node[explaination,visible on=<6->] (error0) at (0.7,-4.5) {$\times$};\node[explaination,visible on=<6->] (error1) at (3.8,-4.5) {$\times$};\node[point] (errorp0) at (0.7,-4.5) {};\node[point] (errorp1) at (3.8,-4.5) {};\draw[<-,visible on=<2->] (db1.north) to[out=120,in=240] node {1 getA} (serviceA.south);\draw[<-,visible on=<4->] (serviceA.south) to node {2 returnA} (db1.north);\draw[->,dashed,draw=red,visible on=<6->] (serviceA.south) to[out=0,in=180] node {3 getA} (errorp1);\draw[<-,visible on=<2->] (db2.north) to node {1 getB} (serviceB.south);\draw[<-,visible on=<4->] (serviceB.south) to[in=60,out=300] node {returnB} (db2.north);\draw[->,dashed,draw=red,visible on=<6->] (serviceB.south)  to[out=180,in=0] node {3 getB} (errorp0);\end{tikzpicture}\end{figure}\end{minipage}\pause\begin{minipage}[t]{0.3\linewidth}\footnotesize\begin{equation*}\begin{split}serviceB:&s_3\xLongrightarrow{successB} s_4\\serviceA:&s_3\xLongrightarrow{successA} s_4\\db1:&s_2\xLongrightarrow{clearA} s_0\\db2:&s_4\xLongrightarrow{clearB} s_0\end{split}\end{equation*}\end{minipage}\end{figure}

tikzpicture环境中加入invisible/.style，visible on/.style，alt/.code args的定义，在node和draw定义里加入visible on=<1-2>表示在slide1到2中显示该元素。