awk自定义函数一例（命令行下及awk脚本中） 2

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http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-10731919-id-341792.html

awk自定义函数基本格式为，参数arg1、arg2也可无。函数在何时定义并无要求，可以在BEGIN块前，也可以在END块后；除了在主语句块中，何时都可以。

BEGIN{

...}

function My_fun (arg1,arg2) {

print arg1

print arg2

}

{

主语句

...

My_fun(5,6)

}

END{

..}

调用方式为 My_fun(5,6)

--------------我是分隔符--------------

举一例说明自定义函数的写法，主要是为了说明在shell命令行下写的时候，以及写在awk脚本中的时候需注意的一些格式问题，本例没有用到参数。

本例来自：http://bbs2.chinaunix.net/viewthread.php?tid=1572697&pid=11190055&page=1&extra=#pid11190055

要求打印ip对应的访问时长

IP地址访问时间访问时长 211.103.220.197 28/Aug/2009:16:55:14－28/Aug/2009:16:56:22 1分8秒

数据文件file

211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:55:14 +0800] 'GET /web/index.action HTTP/1.1' 200 20816 0.719 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:55:26 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:06 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.043 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:55:27 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:08 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.044 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:55:32 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:10 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.033 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:55:32 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:13 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.024 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:55:37 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:15 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.027 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:55:37 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:17 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.023 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:55:38 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:19 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.024 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:55:40 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:21 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.140 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:55:42 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:23 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.044 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:55:44 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:25 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.038 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:55:46 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:27 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.028 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:55:48 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:29 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.022 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:55:50 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:31 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.019 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:55:52 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:33 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.019 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:55:54 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:35 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.019 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:55:56 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:37 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.019 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:55:57 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:39 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.020 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:56:00 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:41 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.167 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:56:02 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:43 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.019 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:56:04 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:45 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.698 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:56:06 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:47 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.019 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:56:09 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:49 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.019 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:56:10 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:51 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.022 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:56:12 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:53 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.031 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:56:14 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:55 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.020 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:56:16 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:57 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.019 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:56:18 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:58:59 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.019 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:56:20 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:59:01 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.019 211.103.220.197 - - [28/Aug/2009:16:56:22 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=16:59:03 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.019 58.33.241.108 - - [29/Aug/2009:17:26:11 +0800] 'GET /web/index.action HTTP/1.1' 200 20845 0.120 58.33.241.108 - - [29/Aug/2009:17:26:14 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=17:28:53 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.016 58.33.241.108 - - [29/Aug/2009:17:26:16 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=17:28:55 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.017 58.33.241.108 - - [29/Aug/2009:17:26:18 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=17:28:57 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.017 58.33.241.108 - - [29/Aug/2009:17:26:20 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=17:28:59 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.018 58.33.241.108 - - [29/Aug/2009:17:26:22 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=17:29:01 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.016 58.33.241.108 - - [29/Aug/2009:17:26:24 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=17:29:03 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.017 58.33.241.108 - - [29/Aug/2009:17:26:26 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=17:29:05 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.017 58.33.241.108 - - [29/Aug/2009:17:26:28 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=17:29:07 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.017 58.33.241.108 - - [29/Aug/2009:17:26:30 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=17:29:09 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.017 58.33.241.108 - - [29/Aug/2009:17:26:32 +0800] 'GET /web/dyanmicStat.action?time=17:29:11 HTTP/1.1' 200 9 0.017 58.33.241.108 - - [29/Aug/2009:17:26:34 +0800] 'GET /web/ngoIndex.action HTTP/1.1' 200 12862 1.114 58.33.241.108 - - [29/Aug/2009:17:27:09 +0800] 'GET /web/queryngobyname.action?name=%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E7%BD%91 HTTP/1.1' 200 6285 16.879 58.33.241.108 - - [29/Aug/2009:17:27:54 +0800] 'GET /web/querymorengo.action?type=4 HTTP/1.1' 200 5489 0.101 58.33.241.108 - - [29/Aug/2009:17:34:01 +0800] 'GET /web/minyun.jsp HTTP/1.1' 200 1492 0.001

直接在命令行中的处理

awk 'BEGIN{FS=" +|[[]";print "IP地址\t\t\t访问时间\t\t\t\t访问时长"}function cal(){split(s_time,M,":");split(e_time,N,":");time=(N[2]-M[2])*60*60+(N[3]-M[3])*60+N[4]-M[4];if (ip) print ip"\t"s_time"-"e_time"\t"int(time/60)"分"time%60"秒"}$1!=ip{cal();ip=$1;s_time=$5}{e_time=$5}END{cal()}' file

写到awk脚本中，调用方法为awk -f my.awk file

awk脚本my.awk

BEGIN { FS=" +|[[]" print "IP地址\t\t\t访问时间\t\t\t\t访问时长" } { if ($1!=ip) {cal();ip=$1;s_time=$5} e_time=$5 } END { cal() } function cal () { split(s_time,M,":") split(e_time,N,":") time=(N[2]-M[2])*60*60+(N[3]-M[3])*60+N[4]-M[4] if (ip) print ip"\t"s_time"-"e_time"\t"int(time/60)"分"time%60"秒" }

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