ubuntu11.10升级到12.04 的过程，并且更新源

1、检查是否真的升级为12.04系统。
打开终端，输入如下命令：
dpkg --get-selections | grep linux-image
linux-image-3.0.0-12-generic            install
linux-image-3.2.0-64-generic            install
linux-image-generic                install

cat /etc/issue
Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS \n \l
uname -a
Linux gezhenglai-K42Jc 3.2.0-64-generic #97-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jun 4 22:04:21 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
这说明升级系统成功

2、清理系统垃圾。
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get autoremove

3、清理完系统垃圾后，打开compizconfig软件。
方法是：打开主面板，在搜索栏中输入
compizconfig，就可以找到软件，点击即可打开编辑器。
重新设置窗口，因为在升级为12.04后，有些功能是被取消应用的。特别是desktop wall,一定要打开。具体的设置方法，笔者就不介绍了，网上这方面的资料很多。

4、删除旧的内核文件。
dpkg --get-selections | grep linux-image
linux-image-3.0.0-12-generic            install
linux-image-3.2.0-64-generic            install
linux-image-generic                install
3.2.0-64是最新的内核版本号。也是12.04 LTS所使用的内核。

sudo apt-get remove linux-image-3.0.0-12-generic
删除原来的11.10的内核

http://hi.baidu.com/wcnmbdwangba/item/00f1b5d89b54c147d63aae3c



更新ubuntu 12.04的源
sources.list(@/etc/apt/)
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get update

sources.list 内容如下：

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release i386 (20120817.3)]/ precise main restricted
   
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
   
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted
   
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe
   
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse
   
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
   
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security multiverse
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main


## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner
   
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
   
# codeblock
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/pasgui/ppa/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/pasgui/ppa/ubuntu precise main
   
# ubuntu tweak
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/tualatrix/ppa/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/tualatrix/ppa/ubuntu precise main

#台湾源 

deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse 

deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse 

deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted 

deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted 

deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted 

deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted 

  www.2cto.com  

#网易 Ubuntu 11.10 源（速度很快） 

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse 

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse 

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted 

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted 

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted 

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted 

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted 

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted 

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted 

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted 

  www.2cto.com

#骨头源，骨头源是bones7456架设的一个Ubuntu源 ，提供ubuntu,deepin 

deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse 

deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse 

deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted 

deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted 

deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted 

deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted 

deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted 

deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted 

deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted 

deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted 

 

#mirror.lupaworld.com的源，速度很快 

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise main restricted universe multiverse 

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse 

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse 

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse 

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-cn/ precise main restricted universe multiverse 

  www.2cto.com  

#ubuntu.cn99.com源（推荐）: 

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse 

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse 

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse 

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse 

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu-cn/ precise main restricted universe multiverse 

 

#电子科技大学 

deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse 

deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse 

deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 

deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse 

deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse 

deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse 

deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse 

deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 

deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse 

deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse 

  www.2cto.com  

#中国科技大学 

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse 

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports restricted universe multiverse 

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse 

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse 

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse 

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse 

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse 

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse 

  www.2cto.com  

#北京理工大学 

deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe 

deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe 

deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe 

deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe 

deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe 

deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe 

deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe 

deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe 

deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe 

deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe 

  www.2cto.com  

#兰州大学 

deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe 

deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe 

deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe 

deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe 

deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe 

deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ precise main multiverse restricted universe 

 

#上海交通大学 

deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe 

deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe 

deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe 

deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe 

deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe   www.2cto.com  

deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ precise main multiverse restricted universe 

deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe 

deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe 

deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe 

deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe