【Java】Maven使用笔记

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Maven通常被用于管理程序依赖，这部分需要配置Maven的settings.xml文件。一般必须配置的有两个：

1. 配置本地仓库地址，用于缓存已经拉取得依赖，不用每次都去网络上拉取：

 <localRepository>/mnt/hgfs/edrive/mavenrespository/.m2/repository</localRepository>

2. 配置mirros，以下是常用的几个镜像：

 <mirror><id>nexus-osc</id><mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf><name>Nexus osc</name><url>http://maven.oschina.net/content/groups/public/</url></mirror><mirror><id>nexus-osc-thirdparty</id><mirrorOf>thirdparty</mirrorOf><name>Nexus osc thirdparty</name><url>http://maven.oschina.net/content/repositories/thirdparty/</url></mirror><mirror><id>ibiblio.org</id><name>ibiblio Mirror of http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/</name><url>http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/maven2</url><mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf><!-- United States, North Carolina --></mirror>

另外，很多时候还可以用Maven来构建/打包项目，需要在pom.xml文件里定义build element：

<build><!-- Include jar files in lib dir to build path --><resources><resource><directory>lib</directory><includes><include>**</include></includes></resource></resources> <!-- Change maven build output dir --><outputDirectory>${basedir}/WEB-INF/classes</outputDirectory><pluginManagement><plugins><!-- Include jar files in lib dir to build path --><!-- <plugin><artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId><configuration><source>1.6</source><target>1.6</target><encoding>UTF-8</encoding><compilerArguments><extdirs>lib</extdirs></compilerArguments></configuration></plugin> --><plugin><groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId><artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId><version>1.0.0</version><configuration><lifecycleMappingMetadata><pluginExecutions><pluginExecution><pluginExecutionFilter><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId><versionRange>[2.0,)</versionRange><goals><goal>copy-dependencies</goal></goals></pluginExecutionFilter><action><ignore /></action></pluginExecution></pluginExecutions></lifecycleMappingMetadata></configuration></plugin></plugins></pluginManagement><plugins>        <!-- Copy maven dependencies to given output dir during 'mvn compile' --><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId><executions><execution><id>copy-dependencies</id><phase>compile</phase><goals><goal>copy-dependencies</goal></goals><configuration><outputDirectory>${basedir}/WEB-INF/lib</outputDirectory><excludeTransitive>false</excludeTransitive><stripVersion>true</stripVersion></configuration></execution></executions></plugin><!-- Create goal to generate runnable jar file which contains all dependent jar files, by running 'mvn assembly:single' --><plugin><artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId><configuration><archive><manifest><mainClass>org.junz.exec.Main</mainClass></manifest></archive><descriptorRefs><descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef></descriptorRefs></configuration></plugin></plugins></build>

最后是常用的一些命令：

1. mvn clean compile package

2. mvn install -DskipTests

3. mvn assembly:single

4. mvn exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="org.junz.exec.Main"

5. mvn archetype:generate

6. mvn tomcat:run

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