nginx反向代理配置及优化

nginx反向代理配置及优化2009-05-26作者:守住每一天blog:liuyu.blog.51cto.combbs:bbs.linuxtone.orgmsn:liuyubj520#hotmail.comemail:liuyu105#gmail.com前言:     由于服务器apache抗不住目前的并发.加上前端squid配置后,问题依然无法解决.而页面程序大部分是动态.无法使用fastcgi来处理.因此想使用nginx做为反向代理apache.整个配置安装过程很简单.在考虑高并发的情况下,在安装前就做了些优化.目前配置能抗住3000以上并发.好像不是特别大哦?呵~~ 但足以~~ 只是还有少量499问题..期待有人跟我讨论解决 第1部分:安装1 建立用户及组/usr/sbin/groupadd www/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www2 安装pcre 让nginx支持rewrite 方便以后所需wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.8.tar.gztar zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gzcd pcre-7.8/./configuremake && make install3 安装nginxwget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.58.tar.gztar zxvf nginx-0.7.58.tar.gzcd nginx-0.7.58/./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-cc-opt='-O2' --with-cpu-opt=opteronmake && make install#注意上文中的--with-cc-opt='-O2' --with-cpu-opt=opteron 这是编译器优化,目前最常用的是-02 而不是3.后面对应CPU的型号,可参照:http://wiki.gentoo.tw/index.php/HOWTO_CFLAG第2部分:配置及优化配置文件1 nginx.conf 配置文件:user    www www;worker_processes 4;# [ debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit ]error_log    /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log    crit;pid                /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;events{         use epoll;         worker_connections 51200;}http{         include             mime.types;         default_type    application/octet-stream;         source_charset GB2312;         server_names_hash_bucket_size 256;         client_header_buffer_size 256k;         large_client_header_buffers 4 256k;         #size limits         client_max_body_size             50m;         client_body_buffer_size        256k;         client_header_timeout     3m;         client_body_timeout 3m;         send_timeout             3m;#参数都有所调整.目的是解决代理过程中出现的一些502 499错误             sendfile on;         tcp_nopush         on;         keepalive_timeout 120; #参数加大,以解决做代理时502错误         tcp_nodelay on;                 include                    vhosts/upstream.conf;         include                    vhosts/bbs.linuxtone.conf;}2 upstream.conf 配置文件(这也是做负载的配置方法)upstream.conf            upstream bbs.linuxtone.com {                 server 192.168.1.4:8099;             }3 站点配置文件bbs.linuxtone.confserver     {            listen             80;            server_name    bbs.linuxtone.conf;            charset GB2312;            index index.html index.htm;            root    /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;                location ~ ^/NginxStatus/ {                        stub_status on;                        access_log off;                 }         location / {             root    /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;             proxy_redirect off ;             proxy_set_header Host $host;             proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;             proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;             proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;             client_max_body_size 50m;             client_body_buffer_size 256k;             proxy_connect_timeout 30;             proxy_send_timeout 30;             proxy_read_timeout 60;             proxy_buffer_size 256k;             proxy_buffers 4 256k;             proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;             proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;             proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;             proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;             proxy_pass    http://bbs.linuxtone.com;            }#参数都有所调整.目的是解决代理过程中出现的一些502 499错误   #Add expires header for static content     location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf)$ {         if (-f $request_filename) {             root /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;             expires            1d;             break;            }     }         log_format    access    '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '                                                 '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '                                                 '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';        access_log    /exp/nginxlogs/bbs.linuxtone_access.log    access;    }注:第二种代理方式nginx 处理下图片,html等静态的东西.其它动态由apache处理.因此apache也需要做一些参数调整.设置图片等过期时间.缓解请求.如果源与nginx在同一台机器建议使用如下方法:                 location / {                            proxy_pass    http://192.168.1.4:8099/;                            proxy_redirect default ;                 }针对不同的目录进行代理把下面的配置放到根目录代理的上面                location /linuxtone/ {                            proxy_pass    http://192.168.1.4:8099/linuxtone/;                            proxy_redirect default ;                 }4 源配置<VirtualHost 192.168.1.4:8099>        ServerAdmin liuyu105#gmail.com        DocumentRoot /date/wwwroot/linuxtone        ServerName bbs.linuxtone.com        ErrorLog logs/linuxtone_error_log     CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog logs/linuxtone_access_log.%Y%m%d" combined</VirtualHost> 第3部分:源的优化1 apache-mpm.conf<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>        StartServers                    15        MinSpareServers             15        MaxSpareServers            30        ServerLimit                 2536        MaxClients                    2048        MaxRequestsPerChild     1500</IfModule>2 apache-keepaliveTimeout 120   #与nginx的保持一至KeepAlive OnMaxKeepAliveRequests 400KeepAliveTimeout 7第4部分:PHP的优化优化一:将PHP由之前的xcache换成eaccelerator1 安装wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3//usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php5/bin/php-configmakemake install注:PHP路径以安装为准!2 配置sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\n#' /etc/php.inised -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /etc/php.inised -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /etc/php.ini配置eAccelerator加速PHP：mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cachevi /etc/php.ini按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：[eaccelerator]zend_extension="/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"eaccelerator.shm_size="128"eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"eaccelerator.enable="1"eaccelerator.optimizer="1"eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"eaccelerator.debug="0"eaccelerator.filter=""eaccelerator.shm_max="0"eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"eaccelerator.shm_only="0"eaccelerator.compress="1"eaccelerator.compress_level="9"优化二:联系开发重新编译php减少php的模块.以减少php进程所占用内存数.这块尽管影响不大,但也有一定的作用.编译前也可以参照nginx的编译器优化方式安装.第5部分:测试并启动nginxulimit -SHn 51200/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx第6部分:nginx日志切割脚本#!/bin/bash# This script run at 00:00# The Nginx logs pathlogs_path="/exp/nginxlogs/"mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/mv ${logs_path}bbs.linuxtone_access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/bbs.linuxtone_access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").logkill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`crontab -e00 00 * * * /bin/bash    /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh