常用C库函数与WIN32函数比较一览表

 

Win32 Equivalents for C Run-Time Functions

ID: Q99456

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The information in this article applies to:

• Microsoft Win32 Application Programming Interface (API), included with:
• Microsoft Windows NT, versions 3.1, 3.5, 3.51
• Microsoft Windows 95

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SUMMARY

Many of the C Run-time functions have direct equivalents in the Win32 application programming interface (API). This article lists the C Run-time functions by category with their Win32 equivalents or the word "none" if no equivalent exists.

 

MORE INFORMATION

NOTE: the functions that are followed by an asterisk (*) are part of the 16-bit C Run-time only. Functions that are unique to the 32-bit C Run-time are listed separately in the last section. All other functions are common to both C Run-times.

Buffer Manipulation

 

   _memccpy                  none

    memchr                   none

    memcmp                   none

    memcpy                   CopyMemory

   _memicmp                  none

    memmove                  MoveMemory

    memset                   FillMemory, ZeroMemory

   _swab                     none

Character Classification

 

     isalnum                 IsCharAlphaNumeric

     isalpha                 IsCharAlpha, GetStringTypeW (Unicode)

   __isascii                 none

     iscntrl                 none, GetStringTypeW (Unicode)

   __iscsym                  none

   __iscsymf                 none

     isdigit                 none, GetStringTypeW (Unicode)

     isgraph                 none

     islower                 IsCharLower, GetStringTypeW (Unicode)

     isprint                 none

     ispunct                 none, GetStringTypeW (Unicode)

     isspace                 none, GetStringTypeW (Unicode)

     isupper                 IsCharUpper, GetStringTypeW (Unicode)

     isxdigit                none, GetStringTypeW (Unicode)

   __toascii                 none

     tolower                 CharLower

    _tolower                 none

     toupper                 CharUpper

    _toupper                 none

Directory Control

 

   _chdir                    SetCurrentDirectory

   _chdrive                  SetCurrentDirectory

   _getcwd                   GetCurrentDirectory

   _getdrive                 GetCurrentDirectory

   _mkdir                    CreateDirectory

   _rmdir                    RemoveDirectory

   _searchenv                SearchPath

File Handling

 

   _access                   none

   _chmod                    SetFileAttributes

   _chsize                   SetEndOfFile

   _filelength               GetFileSize

   _fstat                    See Note 5

   _fullpath                 GetFullPathName

   _get_osfhandle            none

   _isatty                   GetFileType

   _locking                  LockFileEx

   _makepath                 none

   _mktemp                   GetTempFileName

   _open_osfhandle           none

    remove                   DeleteFile

    rename                   MoveFile

   _setmode                  none

   _splitpath                none

   _stat                     none

   _umask                    none

   _unlink                   DeleteFile

Creating Text Output Routines

 

   _displaycursor*           SetConsoleCursorInfo

   _gettextcolor*            GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo

   _gettextcursor*           GetConsoleCursorInfo

   _gettextposition*         GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo

   _gettextwindow*           GetConsoleWindowInfo

   _outtext*                 WriteConsole

   _scrolltextwindow*        ScrollConsoleScreenBuffer

   _settextcolor*            SetConsoleTextAttribute

   _settextcursor*           SetConsoleCursorInfo

   _settextposition*         SetConsoleCursorPosition

   _settextwindow*           SetConsoleWindowInfo

   _wrapon*                  SetConsoleMode

Stream Routines

 

    clearerr                 none

    fclose                   CloseHandle

   _fcloseall                none

   _fdopen                   none

    feof                     none

    ferror                   none

    fflush                   FlushFileBuffers

    fgetc                    none

   _fgetchar                 none

    fgetpos                  none

    fgets                    none

   _fileno                   none

   _flushall                 none

    fopen                    CreateFile

    fprintf                  none

    fputc                    none

   _fputchar                 none

    fputs                    none

    fread                    ReadFile

    freopen (std handles)    SetStdHandle

    fscanf                   none

    fseek                    SetFilePointer

    fsetpos                  SetFilePointer

   _fsopen                   CreateFile

    ftell                    SetFilePointer (check return value)

    fwrite                   WriteFile

    getc                     none

    getchar                  none

    gets                     none

   _getw                     none

    printf                   none

    putc                     none

    putchar                  none

    puts                     none

   _putw                     none

    rewind                   SetFilePointer

   _rmtmp                    none

    scanf                    none

    setbuf                   none

    setvbuf                  none

   _snprintf                 none

    sprintf                  wsprintf

    sscanf                   none

   _tempnam                  GetTempFileName

    tmpfile                  none

    tmpnam                   GetTempFileName

    ungetc                   none

    vfprintf                 none

    vprintf                  none

   _vsnprintf                none

    vsprintf                 wvsprintf

Low-Level I/O

 

   _close                   _lclose, CloseHandle

   _commit                   FlushFileBuffers

   _creat                   _lcreat, CreateFile

   _dup                      DuplicateHandle

   _dup2                     none

   _eof                      none

   _lseek                   _llseek, SetFilePointer

   _open                    _lopen, CreateFile

   _read                    _lread, ReadFile

   _sopen                    CreateFile

   _tell                     SetFilePointer (check return value)

   _write                   _lread

Console and Port I/O Routines

 

   _cgets                    none

   _cprintf                  none

   _cputs                    none

   _cscanf                   none

   _getch                    ReadConsoleInput

   _getche                   ReadConsoleInput

   _inp                      none

   _inpw                     none

   _kbhit                    PeekConsoleInput

   _outp                     none

   _outpw                    none

   _putch                    WriteConsoleInput

   _ungetch                  none

Memory Allocation

 

   _alloca                   none

   _bfreeseg*                none

   _bheapseg*                none

    calloc                   GlobalAlloc

   _expand                   none

    free                     GlobalFree

   _freect*                  GlobalMemoryStatus

   _halloc*                  GlobalAlloc

   _heapadd                  none

   _heapchk                  none

   _heapmin                  none

   _heapset                  none

   _heapwalk                 none

   _hfree*                   GlobalFree

    malloc                   GlobalAlloc

   _memavl                   GlobalMemoryStatus

   _memmax                   GlobalMemoryStatus

   _msize*                   GlobalSize

    realloc                  GlobalReAlloc

   _set_new_handler          none

   _set_hnew_handler*        none

   _stackavail*              none

Process and Environment Control Routines

 

    abort                    none

    assert                   none

    atexit                   none

   _cexit                    none

   _c_exit                   none

   _exec functions           none

    exit                     ExitProcess

   _exit                     ExitProcess

    getenv                   GetEnvironmentVariable

   _getpid                   GetCurrentProcessId

    longjmp                  none

   _onexit                   none

    perror                   FormatMessage

   _putenv                   SetEnvironmentVariable

    raise                    RaiseException

    setjmp                   none

    signal (ctrl-c only)     SetConsoleCtrlHandler

   _spawn functions          CreateProcess

    system                   CreateProcess

String Manipulation

 

   strcat, wcscat            lstrcat

   strchr, wcschr            none

   strcmp, wcscmp            lstrcmp

   strcpy, wcscpy            lstrcpy

   strcspn, wcscspn          none

 _strdup, _wcsdup           none

   strerror                  FormatMessage

 _strerror                  FormatMessage

 _stricmp, _wcsicmp         lstrcmpi

   strlen, wcslen            lstrlen

 _strlwr, _wcslwr           CharLower, CharLowerBuffer

   strncat, wcsncat          none

   strncmp, wcsncmp          none

   strncpy, wcsncpy          none

 _strnicmp, _wcsnicmp       none

 _strnset, _wcsnset         FillMemory, ZeroMemory

   strpbrk, wcspbrk          none

   strrchr, wcsrchr          none

 _strrev, _wcsrev           none

 _strset, _wcsset           FillMemory, ZeroMemory

   strspn, wcsspn            none

   strstr, wcsstr            none

   strtok, wcstok            none

 _strupr, _wcsupr           CharUpper, CharUpperBuffer

MS-DOS Interface

 

 _bdos*                     none

 _chain_intr*               none

 _disable*                  none

 _dos_allocmem*             GlobalAlloc

 _dos_close*                CloseHandle

 _dos_commit*               FlushFileBuffers

 _dos_creat*                CreateFile

 _dos_creatnew*             CreateFile

 _dos_findfirst*            FindFirstFile

 _dos_findnext*             FindNextFile

 _dos_freemem*              GlobalFree

 _dos_getdate*              GetSystemTime

 _dos_getdiskfree*          GetDiskFreeSpace

 _dos_getdrive*             GetCurrentDirectory

 _dos_getfileattr*          GetFileAttributes

 _dos_getftime*             GetFileTime

 _dos_gettime*              GetSystemTime

 _dos_getvect*              none

 _dos_keep*                 none

 _dos_open*                 OpenFile

 _dos_read*                 ReadFile

 _dos_setblock*             GlobalReAlloc

 _dos_setdate*              SetSystemTime

 _dos_setdrive*             SetCurrentDirectory

 _dos_setfileattr*          SetFileAttributes

 _dos_setftime*             SetFileTime

 _dos_settime*              SetSystemTime

 _dos_setvect*              none

 _dos_write*                WriteFile

 _dosexterr*                GetLastError

 _enable*                   none

 _FP_OFF*                   none

 _FP_SEG*                   none

 _harderr*                  See Note 1

 _hardresume*               See Note 1

 _hardretn*                 See Note 1

 _int86*                    none

 _int86x*                   none

 _intdos*                   none

 _intdosx*                  none

 _segread*                  none

Time

 

   asctime                   See Note 2

   clock                     See Note 2

   ctime                     See Note 2

   difftime                  See Note 2

   _ftime                    See Note 2

   _getsystime               GetLocalTime

   gmtime                    See Note 2

   localtime                 See Note 2

   mktime                    See Note 2

   _strdate                  See Note 2

   _strtime                  See Note 2

   time                      See Note 2

   _tzset                    See Note 2

   _utime                    SetFileTime

Virtual Memory Allocation

 

   _vfree*                   See Note 3

   _vheapinit*               See Note 3

   _vheapterm*               See Note 3

   _vload*                   See Note 3

   _vlock*                   See Note 3

   _vlockcnt*                See Note 3

   _vmalloc*                 See Note 3

   _vmsize*                  See Note 3

   _vrealloc*                See Note 3

   _vunlock*                 See Note 3

32-Bit C Run Time

 

   _beginthread              CreateThread

  _cwait                    WaitForSingleObject w/ GetExitCodeProcess

   _endthread                ExitThread

   _findclose                FindClose

   _findfirst                FindFirstFile

   _findnext                 FindNextFile

   _futime                   SetFileTime

   _get_osfhandle            none

   _open_osfhandle           none

   _pclose                   See Note 4

   _pipe                     CreatePipe

   _popen                    See Note 4

NOTE 1: The _harderr functions do not exist in the Win32 API. However, much of their functionality is available through structured exception handling.

NOTE 2: The time functions are based on a format that is not used in Win32. There are specific Win32 time functions that are documented in the Help file.

NOTE 3: The virtual memory functions listed in this document are specific to the MS-DOS environment and were written to access memory beyond the 640K of RAM available in MS-DOS. Because this limitation does not exist in Win32, the standard memory allocation functions should be used.

NOTE 4: While _pclose() and _popen() do not have direct Win32 equivalents, you can (with some work) simulate them with the following calls:

 

   _popen                     CreatePipe

                              CreateProcess

 

   _pclose                    WaitForSingleObject

                              CloseHandle

NOTE 5: GetFileInformationByHandle() is the Win32 equivalent for the _fstat() C Run-time function. However, GetFileInformationByHandle() is not supported by Win32s version 1.1. It is supported in Win32s 1.2. GetFileSize(), GetFileAttributes(), GetFileTime(), and GetFileTitle() are supported by Win32s 1.1 and 1.2.

Additional query words: 3.10 3.50 4.00

Keywords : kbNTOS310 kbNTOS350 kbNTOS351 kbWinOS95
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