Android Camera API 使用指南

【原文：http://www.open-open.com/lib/view/open1327491133296.html】

本教程介绍如何使用Android API中的摄像头。本教程是基于Eclipse的3.7，JAVA1.6和Android4.0。

目录

1. Android Camera

2. Tutorial: Using an Intent to make a photo

3. Tutorial: Using the camera API

4. Thank you

5. Questions and Discussion

6. Links and Literature

6.1. Source Code

6.2. Android Resources

6.3. vogella Resources

1. Android Camera

Most Android devices have a camera. Some devices have a front and a back camera.

Using the camera on the Android device can be done via integration of the existing Camera application. In this case you would start the existing Camera application via an Intent and to get the data after the user returns to our application.

You can also directly integrate the camera into your application via the Camera API.

01package de.vogella.android.imagepick;

02 

03import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

04import java.io.IOException;

05import java.io.InputStream;

06 

07import android.app.Activity;

08import android.content.Intent;

09import android.graphics.Bitmap;

10import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;

11import android.os.Bundle;

12import android.view.View;

13import android.widget.ImageView;

14 

15public class ImagePickActivity extends Activity {

16    private static final int REQUEST_CODE = 1;

17    private Bitmap bitmap;

18    private ImageView imageView;

19 

20     

21/** Called when the activity is first created. */

22 

23    @Override

24    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

25        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

26        setContentView(R.layout.main);

27        imageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.result);

28    }

29 

30    public void pickImage(View View) {

31        Intent intent = new Intent();

32        intent.setType("image/*");

33        intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);

34        intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);

35        startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE);

36    }

37 

38    @Override

39    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {

40        if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE && resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK)

41            try {

42                // We need to recyle unused bitmaps

43                if (bitmap != null) {

44                    bitmap.recycle();

45                }

46                InputStream stream = getContentResolver().openInputStream(

47                        data.getData());

48                bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(stream);

49                stream.close();

50                imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);

51            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

52                e.printStackTrace();

53            } catch (IOException e) {

54                e.printStackTrace();

55            }

56        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);

57    }

58}

3. Tutorial: Using the camera API

In this example we will an application which allow to make a photo via the front camera and to save it on the SD card. If you using the Android emulator make sure you added space for the SD card during the creation of the your Android virtual device.

Create a new Android project de.vogella.camera.api with an Activity called MakePhotoActivity .

Add the android.permission.CAMERA permission to access your camera and theandroid.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE to be able to write to the SD card to your AndroidManifest.xml file.

01<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

02<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

03    package="de.vogella.cameara.api"

04    android:versionCode="1"

05    android:versionName="1.0" >

06 

07    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="15" />

08    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>

09    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

10 

11    <application

12        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"

13        android:label="@string/app_name" >

14        <activity

15            android:name="de.vogella.camera.api.MakePhotoActivity"

16            android:label="@string/app_name" >

17            <intent-filter>

18                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

19 

20                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />

21            </intent-filter>

22        </activity>

23    </application>

24 

25</manifest>

26        

Change the "main.xml" file in the "res/layout" folder to the following

01<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

02<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

03    android:layout_width="match_parent"

04    android:layout_height="match_parent" >

05 

06    <Button

07        android:id="@+id/captureFront"

08        android:layout_width="wrap_content"

09        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

10        android:layout_centerInParent="true"

11        android:onClick="onClick"

12        android:text="Make Photo" />

13 

14</RelativeLayout>

Create the following PhotoHandler class which will be responsible for saving the photo the the SD card.

01package de.vogella.camera.api;

02 

03import java.io.File;

04import java.io.FileOutputStream;

05import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

06import java.util.Date;

07 

08import android.content.Context;

09import android.hardware.Camera;

10import android.hardware.Camera.PictureCallback;

11import android.os.Environment;

12import android.util.Log;

13import android.widget.Toast;

14 

15public class PhotoHandler implements PictureCallback {

16 

17    private final Context context;

18 

19    public PhotoHandler(Context context) {

20        this.context = context;

21    }

22 

23    @Override

24    public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) {

25 

26        File pictureFileDir = getDir();

27 

28        if (!pictureFileDir.exists() && !pictureFileDir.mkdirs()) {

29 

30            Log.d(Constants.DEBUG_TAG, "Can't create directory to save image.");

31            Toast.makeText(context, "Can't create directory to save image.",

32                    Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

33            return;

34 

35        }

36 

37        SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyymmddhhmmss");

38        String date = dateFormat.format(new Date());

39        String photoFile = "Picture_" + date + ".jpg";

40 

41        String filename = pictureFileDir.getPath() + File.separator + photoFile;

42 

43        File pictureFile = new File(filename);

44 

45        try {

46            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(pictureFile);

47            fos.write(data);

48            fos.close();

49            Toast.makeText(context, "New Image saved:" + photoFile,

50                    Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

51        } catch (Exception error) {

52            Log.d(Constants.DEBUG_TAG, "File" + filename + "not saved: "

53                    + error.getMessage());

54            Toast.makeText(context, "Image could not be saved.",

55                    Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

56        }

57    }

58 

59    private File getDir() {

60        File sdDir = Environment

61          .getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);

62        return new File(sdDir, "CameraAPIDemo");

63    }

64}

Change the MakePhotoActivity class to the following.

01package de.vogella.camera.api;

02 

03import android.app.Activity;

04import android.content.pm.PackageManager;

05import android.hardware.Camera;

06import android.hardware.Camera.CameraInfo;

07import android.os.Bundle;

08import android.util.Log;

09import android.view.View;

10import android.widget.Toast;

11import de.vogella.cameara.api.R;

12 

13public class MakePhotoActivity extends Activity {

14    private final static String DEBUG_TAG = "MakePhotoActivity";

15    private Camera camera;

16    private int cameraId = 0;

17 

18    @Override

19    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

20        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

21        setContentView(R.layout.main);

22 

23        // do we have a camera?

24        if (!getPackageManager()

25                .hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_CAMERA)) {

26            Toast.makeText(this, "No camera on this device", Toast.LENGTH_LONG)

27                    .show();

28        } else {

29            cameraId = findFrontFacingCamera();

30            camera = Camera.open(cameraId);

31            if (cameraId < 0) {

32                Toast.makeText(this, "No front facing camera found.",

33                        Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

34            }

35        }

36    }

37 

38    public void onClick(View view) {

39        camera.takePicture(null, null,

40                new PhotoHandler(getApplicationContext()));

41    }

42 

43    private int findFrontFacingCamera() {

44        int cameraId = -1;

45        // Search for the front facing camera

46        int numberOfCameras = Camera.getNumberOfCameras();

47        for (int i = 0; i < numberOfCameras; i++) {

48            CameraInfo info = new CameraInfo();

49            Camera.getCameraInfo(i, info);

50            if (info.facing == CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_FRONT) {

51                Log.d(DEBUG_TAG, "Camera found");

52                cameraId = i;

53                break;

54            }

55        }

56        return cameraId;

57    }

58 

59    @Override

60    protected void onPause() {

61        if (camera != null) {

62            camera.release();

63            camera = null;

64        }

65        super.onPause();

66    }

67 

68}

5. Questions and Discussion

Before posting questions, please see the vogella FAQ. If you have questions or find an error in this article please use the www.vogella.de Google Group. I have created a short list how to create good questions which might also help you.

6. Links and Literature

6.1. Source Code

Source Code of Examples

6.2. Android Resources

Android Tutorial

Android Location API and Google Maps

Android and Networking

6.3. vogella Resources

Eclipse RCP Training (German) Eclipse RCP Training with Lars Vogel

Android Tutorial Introduction to Android Programming

GWT Tutorial Program in Java and compile to JavaScript and HTML

Eclipse RCP Tutorial Create native applications in Java

JUnit Tutorial Test your application

Git Tutorial Put everything you have under distributed version control system