Linux硬件信息查询命令

系统

•  uname -a              # 查看内核/操作系统/CPU信息

Linux hostname 2.6.18-128.el5 #1 SMP Wed Dec 17 11:41:38 EST 2008 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

• head -n 1 /etc/issue      # 查看操作系统版本

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.3 (Tikanga)

• cat /proc/cpuinfo     # 查看CPU信息

processor       : 0vendor_id       : GenuineIntelcpu family      : 6model           : 44model name      : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU           X5670  @ 2.93GHzstepping        : 2cpu MHz         : 2933.582cache size      : 12288 KBphysical id     : 1siblings        : 12core id         : 0cpu cores       : 6apicid          : 32fpu             : yesfpu_exception   : yescpuid level     : 11wp              : yesflags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc ida pni monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 cx16 xtpr popcnt lahf_lmbogomips        : 5871.13clflush size    : 64cache_alignment : 64address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtualpower management:

• hostname                                 # 查看计算机主机名

hostname.com.cn

• lspci -tv          # 列出所有PCI设备

-[0000:00]-+-00.0  Intel Corporation 5500 I/O Hub to ESI Port           +-01.0-[02]--+-00.0  Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM57711E 10-G                       igabit PCIe           |            \-00.1  Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM57711E 10-G                       igabit PCIe           +-02.0-[0d]--           +-03.0-[03-05]--           +-07.0-[06-08]--           +-08.0-[11]--           +-09.0-[09-0b]--+-00.0  QLogic Corp. ISP2432-based 4Gb Fibre Channel  

• lsusb -tv         # 列出所有USB设备

Bus#  6`-Dev#   1 Vendor 0x0000 Product 0x0000`-Dev#   2 Vendor 0x03f0 Product 0x1027Bus#  5`-Dev#   1 Vendor 0x0000 Product 0x0000Bus#  4`-Dev#   1 Vendor 0x0000 Product 0x0000Bus#  3`-Dev#   1 Vendor 0x0000 Product 0x0000Bus#  2`-Dev#   1 Vendor 0x0000 Product 0x0000Bus#  1`-Dev#   1 Vendor 0x0000 Product 0x0000

• lsmod                # 列出加载的内核模块 
• env                  # 查看环境变量资源

_=/bin/envCVS_RSH=sshG_BROKEN_FILENAMES=1HISTSIZE=1000HOME=/rootINPUTRC=/etc/inputrcKDEDIR=/usrKDE_IS_PRELINKED=1KDE_NO_IPV6=1LANG=en_US.UTF-8LESSOPEN=|/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %sLOGNAME=rootMAIL=/var/spool/mail/rootPATH=/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/kerberos/sbin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

• free -m          # 查看内存使用量和交换区使用量

             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cachedMem:         48295       9647      38648       0       1165        4067-/+ buffers/cache:       4413      43881Swap:         3999          0       3999

• df -h            # 查看各分区使用情况

Filesystem            Size  Used   Avail   Use%      Mounted on/dev/mapper/rootVG-root                       83G  7.4G   72G     10%      //dev/mapper/rootVG-tmp                      3.9G  137M  3.6G     4%       /tmp/dev/mapper/rootVG-var                       31G  5.1G   24G     18%      /var

• du -sh <目录名>     # 查看指定目录的大小

# du -sh /tmp84K     /tmp

• grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo   # 查看内存总量

# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfoMemTotal: 16432172 kB

• grep MemFree /proc/meminfo    # 查看空闲内存量

# grep MemFree /proc/meminfoMemFree:      12647164 kB

• uptime                          # 查看系统运行时间、用户数、负载

14:15:28 up 4 days,  2:56,  1 user,  load average: 1.17, 1.15, 1.10

•  cat /proc/loadavg             # 查看系统负载

# cat /proc/loadavg1.11 1.14 1.09 1/546 5175

磁盘和分区

• mount | column -t            # 查看挂接的分区状态

/dev/mapper/rootVG-root     on  /         type  ext3    (rw)proc                        on  /proc     type  proc    (rw)sysfs                       on  /sys      type  sysfs   (rw)devpts                      on  /dev/pts  type  devpts  (rw,gid=5,mode=620)/dev/mapper/rootVG-tmp      on  /tmp      type  ext3    (rw)

• fdisk -l                      # 查看所有分区

Disk /dev/cciss/c0d0: 146.7 GB, 146778685440 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17844 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes           Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/cciss/c0d0p1   *           1          19      152586   83  Linux/dev/cciss/c0d0p2              20       17844   143179312+  8e  Linux LVMDisk /dev/sdc: 384.3 GB, 384399572992 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 46733 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesDisk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition tableDisk /dev/sde: 225.4 GB, 225485783040 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 27413 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

• swapon -s                     # 查看所有交换分区

Filename                                Type            Size    Used    Priority/dev/mapper/rootVG-swap                 partition       16777208        0       -1

• hdparm -i /dev/hda           # 查看磁盘参数（仅适用于IDE设备）
• dmesg | grep IDE             # 查看启动时IDE设备检测状况

Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00alpha2Probing IDE interface ide0...Probing IDE interface ide1...

网络

• ifconfig           # 查看所有网络接口的属性

bond0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr F4:CE:46:7E:D7:68          inet addr:10.56.236.101  Bcast:10.56.236.127  Mask:255.255.255.128          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1          RX packets:196625663 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:166879878 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0          RX bytes:30475502617 (28.3 GiB)  TX bytes:34248137790 (31.8 GiB)eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr F4:CE:46:7E:D7:68          UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1          RX packets:196625663 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:166879878 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000          RX bytes:30475502617 (28.3 GiB)  TX bytes:34248137790 (31.8 GiB)          Interrupt:130 Memory:fb000000-fb7fffff

• iptables -L       # 查看防火墙设置

Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)target     prot opt source               destinationChain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)target     prot opt source               destinationChain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)target     prot opt source               destination

• route -n          # 查看路由表

Kernel IP routing tableDestination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface10.56.236.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.128 U     0      0        0 bond0169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 bond00.0.0.0         10.56.236.126   0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 bond0

• netstat -lntp    # 查看所有监听端口

Active Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address                                                  State       PID/Program nametcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:2049                0.0.0.0:*                                                        LISTEN      -tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:389                 0.0.0.0:*                                                        LISTEN      12782/ns-slapd　　# netstat -antp # 查看所有已经建立的连接Active Internet connections (servers and established)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address                                                  State       PID/Program nametcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:2049                0.0.0.0:*                                                        LISTEN      -tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:389                 0.0.0.0:*                                                        LISTEN      12782/ns-slapdtcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:11111               0.0.0.0:*                                                        LISTEN      15217/ricci

• netstat -s      # 查看网络统计信息

Ip:    195815097 total packets received    8 forwarded    0 incoming packets discarded    195814891 incoming packets delivered    167012221 requests sent out    3 outgoing packets dropped    7 fragments dropped after timeout    231 reassemblies required    33 packets reassembled ok    7 packet reassembles failed    8 fragments received ok    32 fragments createdIcmp:    25034 ICMP messages received    16 input ICMP message failed.    ICMP input histogram:        destination unreachable: 173        echo requests: 13025        echo replies: 11836    25060 ICMP messages sent    0 ICMP messages failed    ICMP output histogram:        destination unreachable: 185        echo request: 11842        echo replies: 13025IcmpMsg:        InType0: 11836        InType3: 173        InType8: 13025        OutType0: 13025        OutType3: 185        OutType8: 11842        OutType10: 8

进程

• ps -ef       # 查看所有进程

UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY      TIME CMDroot         1     0  0 Jul10 ?        00:00:05 init [3]root         2     1  0 Jul10 ?        00:00:03 [migration/0]root         3     1  0 Jul10 ?        00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]root         4     1  0 Jul10 ?        00:00:00 [watchdog/0]

• top          # 实时显示进程状态

Tasks: 385 total,   1 running, 384 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombieCpu(s):  0.2%us,  0.3%sy,  0.0%ni, 98.6%id,  0.8%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.1%si,  0.0%stMem:  16432172k total,  3795132k used, 12637040k free,   800952k buffersSwap: 16777208k total,        0k used, 16777208k free,  1729708k cached  PID USER      PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM    TIME+  COMMAND 7339 root      15   0 11016 1192  700 R  2.0  0.0   0:00.01 top17378 root      10  -5     0    0    0 D  2.0  0.0   6:50.74 kjournald    1 root      15   0 10372  704  596 S  0.0  0.0   0:05.31 init

用户

• w             # 查看活动用户

 14:33:53 up 4 days,  3:15,  1 user,  load average: 1.17, 1.14, 1.10USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHATroot     pts/0    10.141.41.62     13:11    0.00s  0.05s  0.05s -bash

• id <用户名>  # 查看指定用户信息

uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),1(bin),2(daemon),3(sys),4(adm),6(disk),10(wheel)

• last         # 查看用户登录日志

root     pts/0        10.141.41.62     Mon Jul 14 13:11   still logged inroot     pts/0        10.141.41.62     Mon Jul 14 10:38 - 12:34  (01:56)root     pts/0        10.141.152.51    Sun Jul 13 07:14 - 11:55  (04:41)root     pts/2        10.140.2.76      Fri Jul 11 17:50 - 18:38  (00:47)

• cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd   # 查看系统所有用户

# cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwdrootbindaemonadm

• cut -d: -f1 /etc/group    # 查看系统所有组

rootbindaemonsysadmttydisk

• crontab -l                 # 查看当前用户的计划任务

服务

• chkconfig --list          # 列出所有系统服务

httpd           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:offip6tables       0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:offnetwork         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:offnfs             0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:offnfslock         0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:offnscd            0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:offntpd            0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:offoddjobd         0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:offoractl          0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:offsnmpd           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:offsnmptrapd       0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:offsshd            0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:offsyslog          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

• chkconfig –list | grep on  # 列出所有启动的系统服务

程序

• rpm -qa                       # 查看所有安装的软件包

# rpm -qa | grep perlperl-HTML-Parser-3.55-1.fc6perl-Net-Telnet-3.03-5perl-LDAP-0.33-4.el5_8perl-XML-LibXML-1.58-6

其他常用命令整理如下：

• 查看主板的序列号：dmidecode | grep -i 'serial number'
• 用硬件检测程序kuduz探测新硬件：service kudzu start （ or restart）
• 查看CPU信息：cat /proc/cpuinfo [dmesg | grep -i 'cpu'][dmidecode -t processor]
• 查看内存信息：cat /proc/meminfo [free -m][vmstat]
• 查看板卡信息：cat /proc/pci
• 查看显卡/声卡信息：lspci |grep -i 'VGA'[dmesg | grep -i 'VGA']
• 查看网卡信息：dmesg | grep -i 'eth'[cat /etc/sysconfig/hwconf | grep -i eth][lspci | grep -i 'eth']
• 查看PCI信息：lspci （相比cat /proc/pci更直观）
• 查看USB设备：cat /proc/bus/usb/devices
• 查看键盘和鼠标：cat /proc/bus/input/devices
• 查看系统硬盘信息和使用情况：fdisk & disk – l & df
• 查看各设备的中断请求（IRQ）：cat /proc/interrupts
• 查看系统体系结构：uname -a
• 查看及启动系统的32位或64位内核模式：isalist –v [isainfo –v][isainfo –b]
• 查看硬件信息，包括bios、cpu、内存等信息：dmidecode
• 测定当前的显示器刷新频率：/usr/sbin/ffbconfig –rev ?
• 查看系统配置：/usr/platform/sun4u/sbin/prtdiag –v
• 查看当前系统中已经应用的补丁：showrev –p
• 显示当前的运行级别：who –rH
• 查看当前的bind版本信息：nslookup –class=chaos –q=txt version.bind
• 查看硬件信息：dmesg | more
• 显示外设信息， 如usb，网卡等信息：lspci
• 查看已加载的驱动：　　lsnod lshw
• 查看当前处理器的类型和速度（主频）：psrinfo -v
• 打印当前的OBP版本号：prtconf -v
• 查看硬盘物理信息（vendor， RPM， Capacity）：iostat –E
• 查看磁盘的几何参数和分区信息：prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s 
• 显示已经使用和未使用的i-node数目：

　　df –F ufs –o i 

　　isalist –v

对于“/proc”中文件可使用文件查看命令浏览其内容，文件中包含系统特定信息：

　　主机CPU信息：Cpuinfo 

　　主机DMA通道信息：Dma 

　　文件系统信息：Filesystems 

　　主机中断信息：Interrupts 

　　主机I/O端口号信息：Ioprots 

　　主机内存信息：Meninfo 

　　Linux内存版本信息：Version

　　备注： proc – process information pseudo-filesystem 进程信息伪装文件系统