服务器大量的last

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这两天 NginxStatus 中的并发连接比以往增加了三四倍,登录系统用 netstat 看发现有大量来自国外 IP 的 LAST_ACK 状态的连接。

在网上找到一篇文章,出处不明,比较有效的解决了这个问题:

文章全文如下:

[root@ccsafe ~]# netstat -ant|fgrep ":"|cut -b 77-90|sort |uniq -c               
      6 CLOSE_WAIT
      7 CLOSING    
   6838 ESTABLISHED
   1037 FIN_WAIT1  
    357 FIN_WAIT2  
   5830 LAST_ACK   
      2 LISTEN     
    276 SYN_RECV   
     71 TIME_WAIT  
[root@ccsafe ~]#
看看系统状态,性能都花在系统中断和上下文切换
[root@ccsafe ~]# vmstat 2
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------
r b   swpd   free   buff cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
1 0      0 3091812 363032 284132    0    0     0     0    1    1 0 0 100 0 0
0 0      0 3091812 363032 284132    0    0     0     0 13750 3174 0 5 94 0 0
0 0      0 3091936 363032 284132    0    0     0     0 13666 3057 1 5 94 0 0
0 0      0 3092060 363032 284132    0    0     0    16 13749 3030 0 5 95 0 0
0 0      0 3092060 363032 284132    0    0     0     0 13822 3144 0 5 95 0 0
0 0      0 3092060 363032 284132    0    0     0     0 13390 2961 0 5 95 0 0
0 0      0 3092060 363032 284132    0    0     0     0 13541 3182 0 6 94 0 0

查看socket队列信息
[root@ccsafe ~]# sar -n SOCK 5
Linux 2.6.18-53.1.13.el5PAE (ccsafe)     10/21/2008
06:31:43 PM    totsck    tcpsck    udpsck    rawsck   ip-frag    tcp-tw
06:31:48 PM      6951     13868         1         0         0       430
Average:         6951     13868         1         0         0       430
根据TCP状态的变化过程来分析,LAST_ACK属于被动关闭连接过程中的状态
ESTABLISHED->CLOSE_WAIT->(发送ACK)->LAST_ACK->(发送FIN+接收 ACK)->CLOSED
现在状态都堆积到LAST_ACK,初步判断问题从上下两个状态着手
调节一下LAST_ACK时间...
[root@ccsafe ~]# sysctl -a |grep last_ack
net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_last_ack = 30
[root@ccsafe ~]# sysctl -w net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_last_ack=10
net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_last_ack = 10
[root@ccsafe ~]# sysctl -p
[root@ccsafe ~]# watch -n 10 "netstat -ant|fgrep ":"|cut -b 77-90|sort |uniq -c"
Every 5.0s: netstat -ant|fgrep :|cut -b 77-90|sort |uniq -c                   
      6 CLOSE_WAIT
      9 CLOSING
   6420 ESTABLISHED
    693 FIN_WAIT1
    391 FIN_WAIT2
   5081 LAST_ACK
      2 LISTEN
    203 SYN_RECV
     66 TIME_WAIT
检查一下LAST_ACK所对应的应用
[root@ccsafe ~]# netstat -ant|fgrep "LAST_ACK"|cut -b 49-75|cut -d ":" -f1|sort |uniq -c|sort -nr --key=1,7|head -5
    101 220.160.210.6
     46 222.75.65.69
     31 221.0.91.118
     24 222.210.8.160
     22 60.161.81.28
[root@ccsafe ~]#
[root@ccsafe ~]# netstat -an|grep "220.160.210.6"
tcp        0 17280 10.1.1.145:80           220.160.210.6:52787         ESTABLISHED
tcp        1 14401 10.1.1.145:80           220.160.210.6:52513         LAST_ACK   
tcp        1 14401 10.1.1.145:80           220.160.210.6:52769         LAST_ACK   
tcp        1 14401 10.1.1.145:80           220.160.210.6:52768         LAST_ACK   
tcp        0   8184 10.1.1.145:80           220.160.210.6:52515         LAST_ACK   
tcp        1 14401 10.1.1.145:80           220.160.210.6:52514         LAST_ACK   
tcp        0   8184 10.1.1.145:80           220.160.210.6:52781         LAST_ACK   

是TCP80端口的应用,调节一下nginx的keepalive时间...
[root@ccsafe ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
2008/10/21 19:15:31 [info] 21352#0: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
2008/10/21 19:15:31 [info] 21352#0: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
[root@ccsafe ~]# ps aux|egrep '(PID|nginx)'
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root      8290 0.0 0.0   7572 1124 ?        Ss   Oct04   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nobody    8291 0.2 0.3 19704 13776 ?        S    Oct04 71:35 nginx: worker process     
nobody    8292 0.3 0.2 17604 11680 ?        S    Oct04 77:26 nginx: worker process     
nobody    8293 0.2 0.4 22528 16636 ?        S    Oct04 58:13 nginx: worker process     
nobody    8294 0.3 0.4 24944 19020 ?        S    Oct04 94:07 nginx: worker process     
nobody    8295 0.3 0.5 27496 21508 ?        S    Oct04 84:41 nginx: worker process     
nobody    8296 0.3 0.1 13388 7496 ?        S    Oct04 84:14 nginx: worker process     
nobody    8297 0.2 0.0   9196 3268 ?        S    Oct04 58:21 nginx: worker process     
nobody    8298 0.3 0.2 15392 9504 ?        S    Oct04 75:16 nginx: worker process     
root     21354 0.0 0.0   3896   720 pts/0    S+   19:15   0:00 egrep (PID|nginx)
(动态加载新配置)
[root@ccsafe ~]# kill -HUP 8290
[root@ccsafe ~]#
Every 10.0s: netstat -ant|fgrep :|cut -b 77-90 |sort |uniq -c                                              
      1 CLOSE_WAIT
   1138 CLOSING
   7161 ESTABLISHED
   1427 FIN_WAIT1
    396 FIN_WAIT2
   5740 LAST_ACK
      2 LISTEN
    350 SYN_RECV
    148 TIME_WAIT
...
[root@ccsafe ~]# netstat -ant|fgrep ":"|cut -b 77-90 |sort |uniq -c
   1151 CLOSING    
   8506 ESTABLISHED
   1452 FIN_WAIT1  
    666 FIN_WAIT2  
   6568 LAST_ACK   
      2 LISTEN     
    429 SYN_RECV   
     92 TIME_WAIT  
...

LAST_ACK不下,而且CLOSING 和FIN_WAIT突增
着重看看可影响主动断开TCP连接时几个参数
tcp_keepalive_intvl:探测消息发送的频率
tcp_keepalive_probes:TCP发送keepalive探测以确定该连接已经断开的次数
tcp_keepalive_time:当keepalive打开的情况下,TCP发送keepalive消息的频率
[root@ccsafe ~]# sysctl -a|grep tcp_keepalive
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 160
tcp_retries2:在丢弃激活(已建立通讯状况)的TCP连接之前﹐需要进行多少次重试
[root@ccsafe ~]# sysctl -a |grep tcp_retries
net.ipv4.tcp_retries2 = 15
net.ipv4.tcp_retries1 = 3
加速处理那些等待ACK的LAST_ACK,减少等待ACK的LAST_ACK的重试次数
[root@ccsafe ~]# sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_retries2=5
net.ipv4.tcp_retries2 = 5
减少keepalive发送的频率
[root@ccsafe ~]# sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl=15
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 15
[root@ccsafe ~]# sysctl -p
排除syncookies的影响
[root@ccsafe ~]# !ec
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_syncookies
[root@ccsafe ~]# echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_syncookies
[root@ccsafe ~]# sysctl -a|grep tcp_keepalive              
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 160
[root@ccsafe ~]# sysctl -a|grep syncookies
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
延长keepalive检测周期,保留ESTABLISHED数量
[root@ccsafe ~]# echo "1800" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_time
[root@ccsafe ~]# echo "5" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_probes
[root@ccsafe ~]# echo "15" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_intvl
[root@ccsafe ~]# sysctl -a|grep tcp_keepalive                     
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 15
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 5
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1800
[root@ccsafe ~]# !wat
watch -n 10 "netstat -ant|fgrep ":"|cut -b 77-90|sort |uniq -c"
Every 10.0s: netstat -ant|fgrep :|cut -b 77-90|sort |uniq -c                        
      1 CLOSE_WAIT
    363 CLOSING
   5145 ESTABLISHED
   1073 FIN_WAIT1
    174 FIN_WAIT2
   6042 LAST_ACK
      2 LISTEN
    301 SYN_RECV
     85 TIME_WAIT

LAST_ACK不下,但是CLOSING有所回落
tcp_orphan_retries:在近端丢弃TCP连接之前﹐要进行多少次重试。
[root@ccsafe ~]# sysctl -a|grep tcp_orphan
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 0
关键,丢TCP太频繁了,以至于后勤都跟不上。设置丢弃之前的重 试次数
[root@ccsafe ~]# echo "3" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_orphan_retries
[root@ccsafe ~]# !wat
watch -n 10 "netstat -ant|fgrep ":"|cut -b 77-90|sort |uniq -c"
Every 10.0s: netstat -ant|fgrep :|cut -b 77-90|sort |uniq -c                        
      1 CLOSE_WAIT
     24 CLOSING
   5422 ESTABLISHED
    279 FIN_WAIT1
    214 FIN_WAIT2
   1966 LAST_ACK
      2 LISTEN
    269 SYN_RECV
     74 TIME_WAIT
上下调节该值,找个合适的临界点
[root@ccsafe ~]# echo "7" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_orphan_retries                
[root@ccsafe ~]# !wat
watch -n 10 "netstat -ant|fgrep ":"|cut -b 77-90|sort |uniq -c"
Every 10.0s: netstat -ant|fgrep :|cut -b 77-90|sort |uniq -c                        
      1 CLOSE_WAIT
    175 CLOSING
   5373 ESTABLISHED
    436 FIN_WAIT1
    209 FIN_WAIT2
   3184 LAST_ACK
      2 LISTEN
    283 SYN_RECV
    110 TIME_WAIT
恢复,同时FIN_WAIT1的值过高。考虑减少tcp_fin_timeout时间
[root@ccsafe ~]# echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_orphan_retries                
[root@ccsafe ~]# sysctl -a|grep tcp_fin
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 10
[root@ccsafe ~]# echo "5" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_fin_timeout
[root@ccsafe ~]# !wat
watch -n 10 "netstat -ant|fgrep ":"|cut -b 77-90|sort |uniq -c"
Every 10.0s: netstat -ant|fgrep :|cut -b 77-90|sort |uniq -c                        
      2 CLOSE_WAIT
     17 CLOSING
   5665 ESTABLISHED
    145 FIN_WAIT1
    141 FIN_WAIT2
   1068 LAST_ACK
      2 LISTEN
    287 SYN_RECV
     68 TIME_WAIT
相比FIN_WAIT,SYN_RECV的值偏高。加大发送synack的质量
[root@ccsafe ~]# sysctl -a|grep synack
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
[root@ccsafe ~]# echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_synack_retries
[root@ccsafe ~]# !wat
watch -n 10 "netstat -ant|fgrep ":"|cut -b 77-90|sort |uniq -c"
Every 10.0s: netstat -ant|fgrep :|cut -b 77-90|sort |uniq -c                        
      3 CLOSE_WAIT
     16 CLOSING
   5317 ESTABLISHED
    200 FIN_WAIT1
    158 FIN_WAIT2
   1001 LAST_ACK
      2 LISTEN
    303 SYN_RECV
     78 TIME_WAIT
[root@ccsafe ~]# sysctl -a|grep keepalive
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 15
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 5
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1800
[root@ccsafe ~]# watch -n 10 "netstat -ant|fgrep ":"|cut -b 77-90|sort |uniq -c"
Every 10.0s: netstat -ant|fgrep :|cut -b 77-90|sort |uniq -c                        
      1 CLOSE_WAIT
      7 CLOSING
   5356 ESTABLISHED
    175 FIN_WAIT1
    136 FIN_WAIT2
   1045 LAST_ACK
      2 LISTEN
    345 SYN_RECV
     64 TIME_WAIT
减少keepalive的检测周期,LAST_ACK上升
[root@ccsafe ~]# echo "10" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_intvl
[root@ccsafe ~]# echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_synack_retries                
[root@ccsafe ~]# !wat
watch -n 10 "netstat -ant|fgrep ":"|cut -b 77-90|sort |uniq -c"
Every 10.0s: netstat -ant|fgrep :|cut -b 77-90|sort |uniq -c                                               
      1 CLOSE_WAIT
     13 CLOSING
   5605 ESTABLISHED
    212 FIN_WAIT1
    131 FIN_WAIT2
   1143 LAST_ACK
      2 LISTEN
    252 SYN_RECV
     79 TIME_WAIT
恢复
[root@ccsafe ~]# echo "15" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_intvl              
[root@ccsafe ~]# watch -n 10 "netstat -ant|fgrep ":"|cut -b 77-90|sort |uniq -c"
Every 10.0s: netstat -ant|fgrep :|cut -b 77-90|sort |uniq -c                       
      3 CLOSE_WAIT
     14 CLOSING
   5862 ESTABLISHED
    230 FIN_WAIT1
    205 FIN_WAIT2
   1064 LAST_ACK
      2 LISTEN
    244 SYN_RECV
     59 TIME_WAIT

[root@ccsafe ~]# watch -n 10 "netstat -ant|fgrep ":"|cut -b 77-90|sort |uniq -c"
Every 10.0s: netstat -ant|fgrep :|cut -b 77-90|sort |uniq -c                       
      3 CLOSE_WAIT
     26 CLOSING
   6712 ESTABLISHED
    270 FIN_WAIT1
    230 FIN_WAIT2
    994 LAST_ACK
      2 LISTEN
    254 SYN_RECV
     73 TIME_WAIT

[root@ccsafe ~]#
目前LAST_ACK占ESTABLISHED的量在15%左右
0 0
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