C++对象的内存布局下

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重复继承

函数。

字节），而且还有自己的虚函数，自己overwrite覆盖了超类的函数，f1() 为自己的虚函数。

class B

{

public:

int ib;

char cb;

public:

B():ib(0),cb('B') {}

virtual void f() { cout << "B::f()" << endl;}

virtual void Bf() { cout << "B::Bf()" << endl;}

};

class B1 : public B

{

public:

int ib1;

char cb1;

public:

B1():ib1(11),cb1('1') {}

virtual void f() { cout << "B1::f()" << endl;}

virtual void f1() { cout << "B1::f1()" << endl;}

virtual void Bf1() { cout << "B1::Bf1()" << endl;}

};

class B2: public B

{

public:

int ib2;

char cb2;

public:

B2():ib2(12),cb2('2') {}

virtual void f() { cout << "B2::f()" << endl;}

virtual void f2() { cout << "B2::f2()" << endl;}

virtual void Bf2() { cout << "B2::Bf2()" << endl;}

};

class D : public B1, public B2

{

public:

int id;

char cd;

public:

D():id(100),cd('D') {}

virtual void f() { cout << "D::f()" << endl;}

virtual void f1() { cout << "D::f1()" << endl;}

virtual void f2() { cout << "D::f2()" << endl;}

virtual void Df() { cout << "D::Df()" << endl;}

};

下）

typedef void(*Fun)(void);

int** pVtab = NULL;

Fun pFun = NULL;

D d;

pVtab = (int**)&d;

cout << "[0] D::B1::_vptr->" << endl;

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[0][0];

cout << " [0] "; pFun();

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[0][1];

cout << " [1] "; pFun();

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[0][2];

cout << " [2] "; pFun();

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[0][3];

cout << " [3] "; pFun();

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[0][4];

cout << " [4] "; pFun();

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[0][5];

cout << " [5] 0x" << pFun << endl;

cout << "[1] B::ib = " << (int)pVtab[1] << endl;

cout << "[2] B::cb = " << (char)pVtab[2] << endl;

cout << "[3] B1::ib1 = " << (int)pVtab[3] << endl;

cout << "[4] B1::cb1 = " << (char)pVtab[4] << endl;

cout << "[5] D::B2::_vptr->" << endl;

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[5][0];

cout << " [0] "; pFun();

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[5][1];

cout << " [1] "; pFun();

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[5][2];

cout << " [2] "; pFun();

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[5][3];

cout << " [3] "; pFun();

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[5][4];

cout << " [4] 0x" << pFun << endl;

cout << "[6] B::ib = " << (int)pVtab[6] << endl;

cout << "[7] B::cb = " << (char)pVtab[7] << endl;

cout << "[8] B2::ib2 = " << (int)pVtab[8] << endl;

cout << "[9] B2::cb2 = " << (char)pVtab[9] << endl;

cout << "[10] D::id = " << (int)pVtab[10] << endl;

cout << "[11] D::cd = " << (char)pVtab[11] << endl;

下面是对于子类实例中的虚函数表的图：

和B2中，其有B1的成员在D继承而来的。所以，如果我们使用以下语句，则会产生二义性编译错误：

D d;

d.ib = 0; //二义性错误

d.B1::ib = 1; //正确

d.B2::ib = 2; //正确

中还是有两个实例，这种继承造成了数据的重复，我们叫这种继承为重复继承。重复的基类数据成员可能并不是我们想要的。所以，C++上述的“重复继承”只需要把B1的语法中加上virtual 在查看D和GCC下的程序大家可以根据我给出的程序自己仿照着写一个去试一试）：

int** pVtab = NULL;

Fun pFun = NULL;

B1 bb1;

pVtab = (int**)&bb1;

cout << "[0] B1::_vptr->" << endl;

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[0][0];

cout << " [0] ";

pFun(); //B1::f1();

cout << " [1] ";

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[0][1];

pFun(); //B1::bf1();

cout << " [2] ";

cout << pVtab[0][2] << endl;

cout << "[1] = 0x";

cout << (int*)*((int*)(&bb1)+1) <<endl; //B1::ib1

cout << "[2] B1::ib1 = ";

cout << (int)*((int*)(&bb1)+2) <<endl; //B1::ib1

cout << "[3] B1::cb1 = ";

cout << (char)*((int*)(&bb1)+3) << endl; //B1::cb1

cout << "[4] = 0x";

cout << (int*)*((int*)(&bb1)+4) << endl; //NULL

cout << "[5] B::_vptr->" << endl;

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[5][0];

cout << " [0] ";

pFun(); //B1::f();

pFun = (Fun)pVtab[5][1];

cout << " [1] ";

pFun(); //B::Bf();

cout << " [2] ";

cout << "0x" << (Fun)pVtab[5][2] << endl;

cout << "[6] B::ib = ";

cout << (int)*((int*)(&bb1)+6) <<endl; //B::ib

cout << "[7] B::cb = ";

的对比）：

GCC 3.4.4

VC++ 2003

[1] : B1::f1()

[1] B1::ib1 : 11

[0] : B1::f()

[4] B::ib : 0

[0] B1::_vptr->

[2] 0

ç[2] B1::ib1 = 11

[5] B::_vptr->

[2] 0x00000000

这里，大家可以自己对比一下。关于细节上，我会在后面一并再说。

的（因为VC++的相对要清楚很多，所以这里只给出VC++<span lang="ZH-CN" times="" new="" roman';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" 'times="" roman'"="" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-family: 宋体;">的程序，GCC和GCC [0] : D::f()

[3] : D::f2()

[1] B1::ib1 : 11

[0] : D::f()

[3] : 0

[6] D::id : 100

[0] : D::f()

[9] B::ib : 0

[0] D::B1::_vptr->

[2] D::Df()

ç-4

[4] D::B2::_vptr->

[2] 00000000

该地址取值后是[7] B2::cb2 = 2

[10] = 0x00000000

[1] B::Bf()

[13] B::cb = B

1），除了一些细节上的不同，其大体上的对象布局是一样的。也就是说，先是B1（灰色），而B关于虚函数表，尤其是第一个虚表，GCC的虚表比较清晰和有逻辑性。

都把B分隔符把B的布局分开。GCC中的内存布局有两个地址我有些不是很明白，在其中我用红色标出了。取其内容是-45）GCC中则没有指向B的size这门语言是一门比较复杂的语言，对于程序员来说，我们似乎永远摸不清楚这门语言背着我们在干了什么。需要熟悉这门语言，我们就必需要了解C++这门最难的编程语言。

，Ajax是：haoel@hotmail.com

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