spring mvc的练习

网上找了很多资料，也找了些达人的例子，结合自己的测试和摸索，自己做了个spring mvc开发练习。

JAVAEE框架开发中，最常的模式就是MVC，其中以struts的mvc开发占主导地位。后来spring mvc也流行起来。

struts2 mvc和spring mvc各有千秋。不过在具体的开发中，选择用struts2 mvc 还是spring mvc，最主要的是看团队的学习成本和开发水平。其实两者都是比较好的mvc框架。

这里还是采用的xml配置为主。因为自己感觉注解的方式去装配bean，不太好！注解都写在类中了，个人觉得还是把bean配置在xml中统一管理好一些。降低耦合度。

下面上代码：

1、首先是用到的jar，这里只是个大概的jar哈。可能有一些不必要的，但是都日常项目中常用的。截个图上来：

2、web.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"><welcome-file-list><welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file></welcome-file-list><!-- ContextConfigLocation，配置加载spring配置文件 --><context-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml,classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value></context-param><!-- spring的监听，自动装载BEAN --><listener><listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class></listener><!-- Spring 刷新Introspector防止内存泄露 --><listener><listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class></listener><!-- spring配置web.xml  启用spring的请求接收器DispatcherServlet --><servlet><servlet-name>Dispatcher</servlet-name><servlet-class> org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet </servlet-class><init-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value></init-param><load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>Dispatcher</servlet-name><url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern></servlet-mapping><filter><filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name><filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class><init-param><param-name>encoding</param-name><param-value>UTF-8</param-value></init-param><init-param><param-name>forceEncoding</param-name><param-value>true</param-value></init-param></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping></web-app>

3、spring主配置文件：applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"xsi:schemaLocation="             http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans             http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd             http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx             http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd             http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop             http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd"><!-- 加载jdbc.properties配置文件--><bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"><property name="location"><value>classpath:jdbc.properties</value></property></bean><!-- 配置数据源，读取jdbc.properties配置文件，采用Proxool连接池 --><bean id="dataSource" class="org.logicalcobwebs.proxool.ProxoolDataSource"><property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}" /><property name="driverUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" /><property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}" /><property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" /><property name="alias" value="${jdbc.alias}" /><property name="simultaneousBuildThrottle" value="${jdbc.simultaneousBuildThrottle}" /><property name="maximumActiveTime" value="${jdbc.maximumActiveTime}" /><property name="maximumConnectionCount" value="${jdbc.maximumConnectionCount}" /><property name="minimumConnectionCount" value="${jdbc.minimumConnectionCount}" /><property name="delegateProperties" value="characterEncoding=${jdbc.characterEncoding}" /></bean><!-- 采用spring的jdbcTemplate做为数据操作类，这个很好用，采用自己写ConnectionFactory去获取连接，此连接没有在spring的事务环境中，只有手工去配置事务。采用jdbcTemplate模板获取的连接，可以支持AOP事务操作 --><bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"><property name="dataSource"><ref bean="dataSource" /></property></bean><bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"><property name="dataSource"><ref bean="dataSource" /></property></bean><!-- 事务通知 --><tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"><tx:attributes><tx:method name="get*" read-only="true" /><tx:method name="query*" read-only="true" /><tx:method name="*" rollback-for="Exception,RuntimeException" propagation="REQUIRED" /></tx:attributes></tx:advice><!-- Spring AOP config --><aop:config proxy-target-class="true"><!-- 切入点在service层上进行拦截，添加事务管理 --><!-- service下面的所有类的所有方法，可配置在接口和类下面都可以 --><aop:pointcut id="servicesPointcut" expression="execution(* com.zyujie.*.service.*.*(..))" /><!-- 运行拦截的方法关联配置 --><aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="servicesPointcut" /></aop:config><import resource="conf/spring/spring-init-login.xml" /></beans>

4、单独加了一个spring mvc的配置文件，其实可以写在主配置里，spring-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"xsi:schemaLocation="             http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans             http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd             http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx             http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd             http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop             http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd"><!-- 不进行拦截的 --><mvc:resources location="/" mapping="/**/*.html" order="0" /><mvc:resources location="/imgs/" mapping="/imgs/**" /><mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**" /><mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**" /> <pre name="code" class="html"><!-- prefix是view，也就是jsp的前缀路径，suffix是后缀名，跳转页面时spring会在根目录下按照返回的名字，跳转的页面拼成jsp。 --><bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"><property name="prefix" value="/" /><property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /></bean>    <!-- 支持上传文件 -->    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">        <!-- set the max upload size100MB -->        <property name="maxUploadSize">            <value>104857600</value>        </property>        <property name="maxInMemorySize">            <value>4096</value>        </property>    </bean></beans>

5、主要的配置文件就这些了，其它log4j，缓存，属性文件这里就不例出来了。下面是spring单个功能性的配置文件：如果用注解方式，可以不写这个。spring-init-login.xml。说明一下：这里使用的是一个Controller处理多个请求：如，/login.do?method=add.../login.do?method=delete这种方式。所以下面注入了多请求处理器。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xsi:schemaLocation="             http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans             http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd             http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx             http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd             http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop             http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd"><bean id="userLoginDao" class="com.zyujie.init.dao.UserLoginDao"><property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate" /></bean><bean id="userLoginService" class="com.zyujie.init.service.impl.UserLoginServiceImpl"><property name="userLoginDao" ref="userLoginDao" /></bean><!--定义映射--><bean id="/init/userloginMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping"><property name="mappings"><props><prop key="/login.do">userLoginAction</prop></props></property></bean><!-- 多请求处理控制器 -->  <bean id="paraMethodResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.ParameterMethodNameResolver"><property name="paramName">        <value>method</value></property></bean>    <!-- 定义Action 这里还是scope为prototype，不要用单例模式。--><bean id="userLoginAction" class="com.zyujie.init.web.UserLoginAction" scope="prototype"><property name="methodNameResolver" ref="paraMethodResolver" /><property name="userLoginService" ref="userLoginService" />        <!-- 指定失败要返回的页面 -->        <property name="loginView"><value>login</value></property>        <!-- 指定成功要返回的页面 --><property name="successView"><value>success</value></property></bean></beans>

6、下面是类了，DAO和SERVICE我就不写了。主要是ACTION，上面提到的多请求处理控制器需要继承MultiActionController

package com.zyujie.init.web;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.MultiActionController;import com.zyujie.init.pojo.UserInfo;import com.zyujie.init.service.UserLoginService;public class UserLoginAction extends MultiActionController {private String successView;private String loginView;private UserLoginService userLoginService;public void setUserLoginService(UserLoginService userLoginService) {this.userLoginService = userLoginService;}public ModelAndView addUser(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) {Map model = new HashMap();model.put("success", "增加用户成功");String user = req.getParameter("user");String password = req.getParameter("password");System.out.println(user+"--------"+password);return new ModelAndView(this.getSuccessView(), model);}/* * 普通登录 */public ModelAndView login(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) {Map model = new HashMap();model.put("success", "用户登录成功");String username = req.getParameter("username");String password = req.getParameter("password");System.out.println(username);UserInfo user = userLoginService.userLogin(username, password);if(user == null){return new ModelAndView(this.getLoginView(), model);}else{req.getSession().setAttribute("username", user.getUser_name());return new ModelAndView(this.getSuccessView(), model);}}/* * ajax登录返回 */public ModelAndView ajaxlogin(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {Map model = new HashMap();model.put("success", "用户登录成功");String username = req.getParameter("username");String password = req.getParameter("password");System.out.println(username);UserInfo user = userLoginService.userLogin(username, password);if(user == null){String s = "用户登录错误";  resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");resp.getWriter().write(s);return null;}else{req.getSession().setAttribute("username", user.getUser_name());String s = "用户登录成功";resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");resp.getWriter().write(s);return null;}}            /*     * 文件上传     */    public ModelAndView upload(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {        //如果只是上传一个文件，则只需要MultipartFile类型接收文件即可，而且无需显式指定@RequestParam注解           //如果想上传多个文件，那么这里就要用MultipartFile[]类型来接收文件，并且还要指定@RequestParam注解           //并且上传多个文件时，前台表单中的所有<input type="file"/>的name都应该是myfiles，否则参数里的myfiles无法获取到所有上传的文件        // 转型为MultipartHttpRequest：             MultipartHttpServletRequest multipartRequest = (MultipartHttpServletRequest) req;     // 获得文件：        List<MultipartFile> myfiles = multipartRequest.getFiles("file");        for(MultipartFile myfile : myfiles){            if(myfile.isEmpty()){                System.out.println("文件未上传");            }else{                System.out.println("文件长度: " + myfile.getSize());                System.out.println("文件类型: " + myfile.getContentType());                System.out.println("文件名称: " + myfile.getName());                System.out.println("文件原名: " + myfile.getOriginalFilename());                System.out.println("========================================");                //如果用的是Tomcat服务器，则文件会上传到  {服务发布位置}\\WEB-INF\\upload\\文件夹中                String realPath = req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/upload");                System.out.println(realPath);                //这里不必处理IO流关闭的问题，因为FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile()方法内部会自动把用到的IO流关掉，我是看它的源码才知道的                FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(myfile.getInputStream(), new File(realPath, myfile.getOriginalFilename()));            }        }        Map model = new HashMap();        model.put("success", "用户登录成功");        return new ModelAndView(this.getSuccessView(), model);    }          public String getSuccessView() {return successView;}public void setSuccessView(String successView) {this.successView = successView;}public String getLoginView() {return loginView;}public void setLoginView(String loginView) {this.loginView = loginView;}}

7、下面是JSP了，这里定义了几种提交方式。FORM表单，A标签，AJAX提交。其中AJAX返回JSON是同理的。

<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="utf-8"%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html>  <head>    <title>spring mvc demo</title><script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="js/jquery-1.8.0.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">function subTest(){var username = "admin";var password = "admin";$.ajax({url:'/spring-mvc/login.do?method=ajaxlogin',       data:{username : username,password : password      },       async : true,       dataType : 'html',        error : function(){           alert('系统错误');        },        success : function(data){        alert(data);}    });}</script>  </head>    <body>    <center>    <form action="/spring-mvc/login.do" method="get">    <table>    <tr><td><input type="hidden" id="method" name="method" value="login" /></td></tr>    <tr><td><input type="text" id="username" name="username" /></td></tr>    <tr><td><input type="text" id="password" name="password" /></td></tr>    <tr><td><input type="submit" id="subok" name="subok" value="ok" /></td></tr>    </table>    </form>    <br/>    <a href="/spring-mvc/login.do?method=addUser&user=admin&password=123">test</a>    <br/>    <a href=javascript:subTest();>js test</a>    <br/>       <form action="/spring-mvc/login.do?method=upload" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">          文件1: <input type="file" id="file1" name="file" /><br/>文件2: <input type="file" id="file2" name="file" /><br/>文件3: <input type="file" id="file3" name="file" /><br/><input type="submit" value="上传" />       </form>      </center>  </body></html>

大致的spring mvc基本架构就是这样的了！具体就介绍到这里！spring mvc还有很多功能，再慢慢的学习吧！

我把小例子传到自己的资源空间里了：大家可以去下载！

本博文例子：spring-mvc小例子